http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Dominik Ketelsen,Marius Horger,Markus Buchgeister,Michael Fenchel,Christoph Thomas,Nadine Boehringer,Maximilian Schulze,Ilias Tsiflikas,Claus D. Claussen,Martin Heuschmid 대한영상의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.11 No.5
Objective: We aimed to estimate the effective dose of 4D-Perfusion-CT protocols of the lung, liver, and pelvis for the assessment of tumor vascularity. Materials and Methods: An Alderson-Rando phantom equipped with thermoluminescent dosimeters was used to determine the effective dose values of 4DPerfusion-CT. Phantom measurements were performed on a 128-slice singlesource scanner in adaptive 4D-spiral-mode with bidirectional table movement and a total scan range of 69 mm over a time period of nearly 120 seconds (26 scans). Perfusion measurements were simulated for the lung, liver, and pelvis under the following conditions: lung (80 kV, 60 mAs), liver (80 kV/80 mAs and 80 kV/120 mAs), pelvis (100 kV/80 mAs and 100 kV/120 mAs). Results: Depending on gender, the evaluated body region and scan protocol, an effective whole-body dose between 2.9-12.2 mSv, was determined. The radiation exposure administered to gender-specific organs like the female breast tissue(lung perfusion) or to the ovaries (pelvic perfusion) led to an increase in the female specific dose by 86% and 100% in perfusion scans of the lung and the pelvis, respectively. Conclusion: Due to a significant radiation dose of 4D-perfusion-CT protocols, the responsible use of this new promising technique is mandatory. Gender- and organ-specific differences should be considered for indication and planning of tumor perfusion scans. Objective: We aimed to estimate the effective dose of 4D-Perfusion-CT protocols of the lung, liver, and pelvis for the assessment of tumor vascularity. Materials and Methods: An Alderson-Rando phantom equipped with thermoluminescent dosimeters was used to determine the effective dose values of 4DPerfusion-CT. Phantom measurements were performed on a 128-slice singlesource scanner in adaptive 4D-spiral-mode with bidirectional table movement and a total scan range of 69 mm over a time period of nearly 120 seconds (26 scans). Perfusion measurements were simulated for the lung, liver, and pelvis under the following conditions: lung (80 kV, 60 mAs), liver (80 kV/80 mAs and 80 kV/120 mAs), pelvis (100 kV/80 mAs and 100 kV/120 mAs). Results: Depending on gender, the evaluated body region and scan protocol, an effective whole-body dose between 2.9-12.2 mSv, was determined. The radiation exposure administered to gender-specific organs like the female breast tissue(lung perfusion) or to the ovaries (pelvic perfusion) led to an increase in the female specific dose by 86% and 100% in perfusion scans of the lung and the pelvis, respectively. Conclusion: Due to a significant radiation dose of 4D-perfusion-CT protocols, the responsible use of this new promising technique is mandatory. Gender- and organ-specific differences should be considered for indication and planning of tumor perfusion scans.
Whether to Choose Tariffs or Subsidies to Protect a Domestic Industry
( Dominik Egli ),( Frank Westermann ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.1
The use of tariffs in the absence of subsidies in small countries is an empirical observation which stands in sharp contrast to the theoretical literature of trade policy. We analyze the welfare effects of tariffs and subsidies in a homogeneous good duopoly game with cost asymmetries between the two firms, allowing for distortionary taxation. We find that for reasonable values of the distortion parameter or for a large cost disadvantage of the home firm, a tariff is the optimal policy tool.
Establishment of a standard operating procedure for predicting the time of calving in cattle
Dominik Streyl,Carola Sauter-Louis,Anna Braunert,Dorothee Lange,Frank Weber,Holm Zerbe 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.2
Precise calving monitoring is essential for minimizing the effects of dystocia in cows and calves. We conducted two studies in healthy cows that compared seven clinical signs (broad pelvic ligaments relaxation, vaginal secretion, udder hyperplasia, udder edema, teat filling, tail relaxation, and vulva edema) alone and in combination in order to predict the time of parturition. The relaxation of the broad pelvic ligaments combined with teat filling gave the best values for predicting either calving or no calving within 12 h. For the proposed parturition score (PS), a threshold of 4 PS points was identified below which calving within the next 12 h could be ruled out with a probability of 99.3% in cows (95.5% in heifers). Above this threshold, intermitted calving monitoring every 3 h and a progesterone rapid blood test (PRBT) would be recommended. By combining the PS and PRBT (if PS ≥ 4), the prediction of calving within the next 12 h improved from 14.9% to 53.1%, and the probability of ruling out calving was 96.8%. The PRBT was compared to the results of an enzyme immunoassay (sensitivity, 90.2%; specificity, 74.9%). The standard operating procedure developed in this study that combines the PS and PRBT will enable veterinarians to rule out or predict calving within a 12 h period in cows with high accuracy under field conditions.
The Challenge of Mesh Routing in Ubiquitous Sensor Networks
Dominik Kaspar,Eunsook Kim,Hyoungjun Kim 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
This informative paper describes the harsh environment in which sensor networks operate, explains challenges of routing in sensor networks and provides an overview of existing approaches of multi-hop routing.
The Adoption of Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings of Hell in Shamanic Death Rituals in Korea
DOMINIK RUTANA 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2021 Acta Koreana Vol.24 No.1
By late Chosŏn times, the ideas of hell, punishment, and possible ways of salvation expressed in the Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings of Hell belief (chijang siwang sinang 地藏十王信仰) had not only deeply penetrated popular consciousness, but also gained so much popularity that they influenced other worldviews, including shamanism. Accordingly, Korean shamans started to adopt motifs derived from the belief into their mythology and ritual, something which is still visible today. The way Korean shamans adopted and applied motifs derived from the belief in Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings of Hell to death rituals like chinogi kut 진오기굿or ssikkim kut 씻김굿 varies from ritual to ritual but they serve as a medium that connects the present (isŭng 이승) and the otherworld (chŏsŭng 저승). Korean shamans use this medium, along with other symbols and deities such as Princess Pari, not only to explain and secure the ontological transformation of the deceased from worldly to otherworldly beings during the liminal process of the ritual, but also to meet the needs of their clients and make the ritual more persuasive. This amalgamation of Buddhist and shamanistic elements, a kind of bricolage, should be considered a creation of the specific mythical thought pattern of Korean shamans.