Cytological Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Eung Gi Jeong,Darshan S. Brar,Kyung Ho Kang,Heung Goo Hwang,Kshirod K. Jena,Ho Yeong Kim,Sang Nag Ahn,Gihwan Yi,Min Hee Nam 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.1

The wild species of Oryza are an important source of useful genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in rice. In this study, wide hybridization was used to widen the genepool of japonica rice cultivars. Interspecific crosses were made between three japonica rice cultivars and four wild species of the genus Oryza. Hybrids were produced normally through crosses between O. sativa (AA genome) and O. rufipogon (AA genome). However, hybrids between O. sativa and other distantly related wild species such as O. officinalis (CC genome), O. minuta (BBCC genome), and O. alta (CCDD genome) were produced following hybridization and embryo rescue. The hybrids were intermediate in their morphological characters, compared with the parents of cultivated and wild species. The hybrids between O. sativa and O. rufipogon were partially sterile but the hybrids between O. sativa and O. officinalis, O. sativa and O. minuta, O. sativa and O. alta were completely sterile. Cytological analysis of the interspecific hybrids, AA x CC, AA x BBCC, AA x CCDD showed irregular meiosis with predominant occurrence of univalents and unequal distribution of chromosomes at anaphase 1 of meiosis. Genomic In-situ Hybridization (GISH) analysis showed the presence of O. minuta chromosomes in the F₁ hybrids between O. sativa and O. minuta cross.

Genetic diversity in Oryza species and use of wild species in rice improvement

Jena Kshirod K.,Brar Darshan S.,Mackill David J. 한국작물학회 2003 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

등숙기 도복 시기 및 정도에 따른 쌀 품질 특성

정응기,김기종,천아름,이춘기,김선림,Darshan S. Brar,손종록 韓國作物學會 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.5

1. 도복정고에 따른 주요 작물학적 특성은 도복시기가 빠르고, 도복정도가 심할수록 수당립수는 많았고, 등숙비율은 낮았으며, 현미천립중은 가벼웠다. 2. 완전미도정수율은 출수후 20일 완전도복(9), 출수후 20일 반도복(5), 출수후 25일 완전도복(9), 출수후 25일 반도복(5), 출수후 30일 완전도복(9), 출수후 30일의 반도복(5), 무도복 순으로 높게 유의성이 인정되었다. 따라서 도복에 따른 완전미도정수율은 도복시기가 빠르고 도복정도가 심할수록 낮아지고 분상질미, 쇄미 및 사미는 증가하는 경향이었다. 3. 밥의 찰기와 질감에 나쁜 영향을 주는 단백질함량이나 밥맛을 간접적으로 비교하는 토요식미치와 실제적인 페널에 의한 밥맛은 무도복에 비해 도복시기가 빠르고 도복정도가 심할수록 식미가 나빠지는 쪽으로 영향을 미쳤고, 도복 시기보다는 도복정도가 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to compare the grain quality under lodging time and grade at ripening. Ripened grain ratio and 1000-grain weight were higher with lodging of plants at 45~circ angle from the ground and increased with crop development. The number of spikelets, as well as the protein and amylose content of the grains, were higher in plants under severe or complete lodging than those under lodging at 45~circ angle from the ground. Palatability and sensory evaluation values were higher in plants under lodging at 45~circC angle from the ground than those under complete lodging. Brown rice: rough rice ratio was higher with lodging of plants at 45~circC angle from the ground and increased with crop growth. Milling recovery and milled rice recovery were higher with lodging of plants at 45~circC angle from the ground, whereas chalky grain, cracked grain and damage grains were higher at complete lodging.

등숙기 도복 시기 및 정도에 따른 쌀 품질 특성

김선림,손종록,김기종,천아름,정응기,이춘기,Darshan S. Brar 한국작물학회 2006 한국작물학회지 Vol.51 No.4

This study was carried out to compare the grain quality under lodging time and grade at ripening. Ripened grain ratio and 1000-grain weight were higher with lodging of plants at 45° angle from the ground and increased with crop development. The number of spikelets, as well as the protein and amylose content of the grains, were higher in plants under severe or complete lodging than those under lodging at 45° angle from the ground. Palatability and sensory evaluation values were higher in plants under lodging at 45° angle from the ground than those under complete lodging. Brown rice: rough rice ratio was higher with lodging of plants at 45° angle from the ground and increased with crop growth. Milling recovery and milled rice recovery were higher with lodging of plants at 45° angle from the ground, whereas chalky grain, cracked grain and damage grains were higher at complete lodging. 최근 식생활 수준 향상에 따라 고품질 쌀의 선호도가 급증하고, 이에 부응하여 소비를 확대하기 위한 고품질 품종의 육성, 재배기술 개선 및 수확후 관리 기술 등이 중요한 연구과제가 되고 있다(Oh, 1993). 소비자들에 의해 구매될 때는 쌀의 외형, 외관, 청결성 및 균일성 등이 미질을 결정하는 중요한 요인이 된다. 쌀의 립형, 심복백 비율, 심복백 정도, 립색, 광택 및 완전미 비율 등이 시장성을 관여하는 형질들이다(Choi et al., 1990; Kim et al., 1990; 土居 등, 1984). 또한 정현비율, 현백비율 및 완전미 도정수률 등의 도정특성, 쌀의 단백질함량이나 아밀로스 등의 화학적 성분도 미질요소로 중요시 되고 있다(Juliano, 1985). 등숙기 포장도복은 시기와 정도에 따라 등숙불량 등으로 수량이 감소하고 도정특성이 불량해진다(Lee et al. 1986). 또한 광합성 물질전류의 불균형 등으로 단백질함량이 높아 식미가 불량해지는 원인이 되기도 한다. 도복의 발생원인은 크게 두가지로 태풍, 폭우 등과 같이 기상환경에 의해 직접적으로 물리적 피해를 주는 것과, 품종, 시비량, 시비시기, 분시방법, 물관리, 병해충피해 등과 같은 재배방법에 따라 간접적으로 발생되는 것으로 대별될 수 있다(Lim et al., 1992). 본 시험은 등숙기 도복 시기 및 정도에 따른 고품질 쌀 생산 기준을 설정하여 도복으로 고품질이나 양질미 특성을 갖추지 않은 필지를 철저하게 구별하여 수확 ․ 유통되도록 함으로써 안정된 쌀품질이 유지될 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 실시하였다.

Identification of Subspecies-specific STS Markers and Their Association with Segregation Distortion in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

진중현,김정희,Wenzhu Jiang,Sang-Ho Chu,우미옥,Longzhi Han,Darshan Brar,고희종 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3

Two subspecies, japonica and indica, have been reported in rice, which differ in several ecotypic traits. However, reproductive barriers in hybrid progenies between subspecies have been major obstacles in breeding programs using inter-subspecific hybridization. As the first step to elucidate the reproductive barriers, we developed subspecies-specific (SS) STS markers in this study. A total of 765 STS primers were designed through comparing DNA sequences at every 2~3cM interval between japonica and indica rices, which are available at Web DBs such as IRGSP, NCBI, TIGR, and GRAMENE, and tested for subspecies-specificity using 15 indica and 15 japonica varieties of diverse origin. Of them, 67 STS markers were identified as SS STS markers and their subspecies-specificity scores were estimated. The SS markers were dispersed throughout the genome along chromosomes. Of them, 64 SS markers were mapped on an RIL population derived from a Dasanbyeo (indica) / TR22183 (japonica) cross. Genomic inclination of RILs was evaluated based on the genotyping with different types of markers. Association test between markers and segregation distortion revealed that segregation distortion might not be the cause of generating SS markers. The SS markers will be applicable to estimate the genomic inclination of varieties or lines and to study the differentiation of indica and japonica, and ultimately to breed true hybrid rice varieties in which desirable characters from both subspecies are recombined.

Identification of QTLs for hybrid fertility in inter-subspecific crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

진중현,추상호,Wenzhu Jiang,Young-Il Cho,Reflinur Basyirin,Darshan S. Brar,고희종 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.1

Two subspecies in rice, japonica and indica, have their own ecotypic traits. However, reproductive barriers such as spikelet sterility in hybrid progenies between subspecies have been an obstacle in breeding programs for combining desirable traits from both subspecies through inter-subspecific hybridization. The 166 F_9 RILs and two BC_1F_(1s)’ were analyzed for spikelet and pollen fertility with the parents and F_1 between Dasanbyeo (DS, indica) / TR22183 (TR, japonica). A frame map was constructed using a total of 218 polymorphic STS and SSR markers. In both BC1F1s’ of DS//DS/TR and TR//DS/TR, clusters of significant QTLs for spikelet and pollen fertility were identified on the short arm of chromosome 5 and chromosome 8. Nine and ten digenic epistatic interactions for DS//DS/TR and TR//DS//TR were identified,respectively. HF-QTLs were detected at the similar position with subspecies-specific markers and segregation distortion loci, implying that HF-QTLs might be associated with the differentiation of indica and japonica. Hybrid fertility/sterility and its relationship with other traits are discussed in relation to the reproductive barriers between subspecies of rice.

Identification of QTL for rice grain size and shape based on indica/japonica RILs using SSR markers

Eung-gi Jeong,Jin Song,Jung-tae Kim,Choon-ki Lee,Sun-lim Kim,Sang-nag Ahn,Darshan S,Brar 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회지 Vol.39 No.4

DNA Fingerprinting of Rice Cultivars using AFLP and RAPD Markers

Young-Chan Cho,Young-Seop Shin,Sang-Nag Ahn,Gleen B. Gregorio,Kyong-Ho Kang,Darshan Brar,Huhn-Pal Moon 韓國作物學會 1999 한국작물학회지 Vol.44 No.1

This experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variation in 48 rice accessions (Oryza sativa L.) using AFLP and RAPD markers. For AFLP, a total of 928 bands were generated with 11 primer combinations and 327 bands (35.2%) of them were polymorphic among 48 accessions. In RAPD analyses using 22 random primers 145 bands were produced, and 121 (83.4%) were polymorphic among 48 accessions. Each accession revealed a distinct fingerprint by two DNA marker systems. Cluster analysis using AFLP-based genetic similarity tended to classify rice cultivars into different groups corresponding to their varietal types and breeding pedigrees, but not using RAPD-based genetic similarity. The AFLP marker system was more sensitive than RAPD in fingerprinting of rice cultivars with narrow genetic diversity.

Identification of Subspecies-specific STS Markers and Their Association with Segregation Distortion in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Chin, Joong-Hyoun,Kim, Jung-Hee,Jiang, Wenzhu,Chu, Sang-Ho,Woo, Mi-Ok,Han, Longzhi,Brar, Darshan,Koh, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3

Two subspecies, japonica and indica, have been reported in rice, which differ in several ecotypic traits. However, reproductive barriers in hybrid progenies between subspecies have been major obstacles in breeding programs using inter-subspecific hybridization. As the first step to elucidate the reproductive barriers, we developed subspecies-specific(SS) STS markers in this study. A total of 765 STS primers were designed through comparing DNA sequences at every $2{\sim}3$cM interval between japonica and indica rices, which are available at Web DBs such as IRGSP, NCBI, TIGR, and GRAMENE, and tested for subspecies-specificity using 15 indica and 15 japonica varieties of diverse origin. Of them, 67 STS markers were identified as SS STS markers and their subspecies-specificity scores were estimated. The SS markers were dispersed throughout the genome along chromosomes. Of them, 64 SS markers were mapped on an RIL population derived from a Dasanbyeo(indica)/TR22183(japonica) cross. Genomic inclination of RILs was evaluated based on the genotyping with different types of markers. Association test between markers and segregation distortion revealed that segregation distortion might not be the cause of generating SS markers. The SS markers will be applicable to estimate the genomic inclination of varieties or lines and to study the differentiation of indica and japonica, and ultimately to breed true hybrid rice varieties in which desirable characters from both subspecies are recombined.

Identification of QTLs for Drought-Related Traits in Alien Introgression Lines Derived from Crosses of Rice (Oryza sativa cv. IR64) × O. glaberrima under Lowland Moisture Stress

Isaac Kofi Bimpong,Rachid Serraj,진중현,Joie Ramos,Evelyn M. T. Mendoza,Jose E. Hernandez,Merlyn S. Mendioro,Darshan S. Brar 한국식물학회 2011 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.4

Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity in rain-fed and upland ecosystems. African rice, Oryza glaberrima, has low yields but is tolerant to drought and other stresses. We evaluated 513 BC2F3progenies from alien introgression lines (AILs) that were derived from crosses of Oryza sativa (IR64) × O. glaberrima. They were assessed for yield and other traits when grown under drought at two locations. Such conditions reduced grain production by 59% compared with the recurrent parent (IR64). However, 33 AILs had higher yields, thus demonstrating their potential as genetic material for transferring drought-related traits from O. glaberrima to O. sativa. A set of 200 AILs was selectively genotyped with 173 simple sequence repeat and sequenced tagged site markers. Molecular analysis showed that a mean of 4.5% of the O. glaberrima genome was introgressed in BC2F3 AILs. Our analysis revealed 33 quantitative trait loci (QTLs;including 10 novel) for different traits. O. glaberrima contributed 50% of the alleles to those newly identified QTLs, with one for grain yield per plant (ypp9.1) being new. A QTL at RM208 on chromosome 2 positively affected yield under stress, accounting for 22% of the genetic variation. Our identification of drought-related QTLs for yield and yield components will be useful to future research efforts in marker-assisted selection.