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Sung Keun Park(Sung Keun Park),Ju Young Jung(Ju Young Jung),Min-Ho Kim(Min-Ho Kim),Chang-Mo Oh(Chang-Mo Oh),Eunhee Ha(Eunhee Ha),Eun Hye Yang(Eun Hye Yang),Hyo Choon Lee(Hyo Choon Lee),Soonsu Shin(Soo 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Proteinuria is widely used to predict cardiovascular risk. However, there is insufficient evidence to predict how changes in proteinuria may affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: The study included 265,236 Korean adults who underwent health checkups in 2003-2004 and 2007-2008. They were categorized into 4 groups based on changes in proteinuria (negative: negative → negative; resolved: proteinuria ≥1+ → negative; incident: negative → proteinuria ≥1+; persistent: proteinuria ≥1+ → proteinuria ≥1+). We conducted 6 years of follow-up to identify the risks of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and angina pectoris according to changes in proteinuria. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident IHD, AMI, and angina pectoris. RESULTS: The IHD risk (expressed as HR [95% CI]) was the highest for persistent proteinuria, followed in descending order by incident and resolved proteinuria, compared with negative proteinuria (negative: reference, resolved: 1.211 [95% CI, 1.104 to 1.329], incident: 1.288 [95% CI, 1.184 to 1.400], and persistent: 1.578 [95% CI, 1.324 to 1.881]). The same pattern was associated with AMI (negative: reference, resolved: 1.401 [95% CI, 1.048 to 1.872], incident: 1.606 [95% CI, 1.268 to 2.035], and persistent: 2.069 [95% CI, 1.281 to 3.342]) and angina pectoris (negative: reference, resolved: 1.184 [95% CI, 1.065 to 1.316], incident: 1.275 [95% CI, 1.160 to 1.401], and persistent: 1.554 [95% CI, 1.272 to 1.899]). CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing proteinuria increased the risks of IHD, AMI, and angina pectoris even after proteinuria resolved.
Bi-Mn 공정합금의 일방향응고시 미세조직에 미치는 강화중력의 영향
양영기,강춘식,이경환,황창모 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.38 No.4
The microstructure of eutectic MnBi/Bi alloy was investigated after unidirectional solidification under centrifuge process in Bridgman-Stockbarger furnace. Microstructure of the crystals with growth velocity 100 ㎜/h, 25 ㎜/h showed cellular structure and evenly dispersed second phase morphology of MnBi intermetallic compound. The second phase MnBi rod size was varied with acceleration in all growth condition. Numerical analysis was produced to expect fluid flow in rotating system using flow 3d. According to numerical analysis, the fluid flow increased with centrifugal acceleration under constant temperature condition and abrupt increase was expected near centrifugal force is 5G (G = 9.8 m/s: territorial acceleration).
Al-1 wt % Mg 합금의 일방향응고시 고/액 계면의 형상에 미치는 강화중력의 영향
양영기,강춘식,이진형,이경환,백홍구,윤우영,황장모 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.3
Al-1wt%Mg was unidirectionally solidified to investigate the effect of enhanced gravity on the planar interface morphology. Planar solid/liquid interface morphology became unstable with increasing centrifugal force up to 15G but stabilized again at 20G. Surface stabilization of this alloy with increasing centrifugal force can be explained by thermosolutal convection.
Al-0.7wt%Cu 합금의 일방향응고시 평활계면형태에 미치는 원심력의 영향
양영기,강춘식,이진형,이경환,백홍구,황창모,윤우영 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.8
To clarify the effect of centrifugal force in unidirectionally solidified metals, Al-0.7wt% Cu alloy system was selected as test material. Centrifugal force was added from 1G(G: territorial acceleration=9.8m/s²) to 20G ; test pieces were quenched at about 50% solid fraction. Planar interface morphology became unstable with increasing centrifugal force, but at the centrifugal force is about 15G, the interface morphology of this alloy became stable again. In order to understand this interface stability under the high centrifugal force apparent diffusion coefficient were measured and also flow modes over solid-liquid interface were analyzed by Favier Method. The Be´rnard cell formed by centrifugal force enhances the heat flow from top of test piece to solid-liquid interface but it and gravitational segregation also restrict enhancement of diffusion in some extant. We could infer qualitatively that solid-liquid interface stability was due to this enhancement of heat flux by centrifugal force at solid-liquid interface.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Aminolysis of Benzenesulfonyl, Benzoyl and Benzyl Halides
Byung Choon Lee,Dong Sook Sohn,Ji Hyun Yoon,Sun Mo Yang,Ikchoon Lee Korean Chemical Society 1993 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.14 No.5
Kinetic studies are conducted for the reactions of Y-benzoyl, Y-benzenesulfonyl and Y-benzyl halides with X-anilines in acetonitrile, and the transition state (TS) structures and their variations with substituents X and Y are discussed. The magnitude of the cross-interaction constants, $\rho$xy, is the largest and the inverse secondary kinetic isotope effect (SKIE), $k_H/k_D$ < 1.0, with deuterated aniline nucleophiles is the smallest for benzoyl fluoride reflecting the tightest TS for this compound. The SKIEs for sulfonyl halides are relatively large due to a relatively large, diffuse nature of the reaction center, S, causing weaker steric hindrance to the vibrations of the two N-H(D) bonds. For benzoyl and sulfonyl halides, the trends in $k_H/k_D$ and $Ir_XI$ variations with $\sigma$Y contradict each other, which is rationalized by the negative charge accumulation on the reaction center, CO and SO$_2$, causing inefficient transfer for the substrate with an electron donating substituent.
Lee, Choon-Soo,Kwon, Yoo-Wook,Yang, Han-Mo,Kim, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Youn,Hur, Jin,Park, Kyung-Woo,Cho, Hyun-Jai,Kang, Hyun-Jae,Park, Young-Bae,Kim, Hyo-Soo Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Vol.29 No.4
<P>Objective-Mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury includes activation of signaling pathways and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are involved in cell proliferation and migration. Rosiglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, was reported to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in diabetic animals and humans. But the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, we examined how rosiglitazone inhibited neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results-The proliferation and survival of cultured rat VSMCs were reduced by rosiglitazone, which was mediated by inhibition of ERK and activation GSK-3 beta, without change of Akt. The antiproliferative effect of rosiglitazone was reversed by GSK-3 beta inactivation. The migration of VSMCs was also suppressed by rosiglitazone that inhibited the expression and activity MMP-9 through GSK-3 beta activation. Thus migration of MMP-9(-/-) VSMCs from MMP-9 knockout mice was not affected by rosiglitazone. The underlying mechanism of MMP-9 suppression by rosiglitazone was that it inhibited NF-kappa B DNA binding activity, which was also dependent on GSK-3 beta. In rat carotid artery, balloon injury significantly inactivated GSK-3 beta with induction of MMP-9, which was effectively prevented by rosiglitazone. Thus, rosiglitazone significantly decreased the ratio of intima to media by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of VSMCs at neointima, which was reversed by inactivation of GSK-3 beta with adenoviral transfer of catalytically-inactive GSK-KM gene. Conclusions-Rosiglitazone activates GSK-3 beta, which inhibits not only proliferation of VSMCs but also migration of VSMCs through blocking NF-kappa B-dependent MMP-9 activation. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009; 29: 472-479.)</P>
황춘선,박모라,양이선 한국식생활문화학회 1991 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.6 No.4
This research was attempted to investigate the correlation between food habits as well as preferences and health conditions of middle-aged people. 380 people living in Dae-gu, kimcho˘n and ku˘mru˘ng gun in the 40's or 50's were selected for this research as subjects from July 1 to August 15, 1990. The data analysis was made by way of frequency, percentage, χ²-test and Pearson correlation using SAS package. The summarized results are as follows. 1. Among the total subjects of this research, 200 people (52.6%) were male and 180 people (47.4%) were female. The regional distribution was like this; 115 people (30.3%) lived in large city, 154 people (40.5%) in small and medium city and 111 people (29.2%) in rural region. 2. The survey on food life attitude on the subjects showed that they had a relatively good attitude, and there were little significant differences (p<.05) between men and women. But there were significant differences (p<.001) between rural region and city. 3. On the preferences for taste, food and cooked food the subjects showed the lowest preferences for processed milk-fat food and the highest for soybean and processed soybean food. 4. The research on health condition 1) 30.8% of the subjects were obesity. And this research showed that the percentage of obesity was higher among men (33.5%) than women (27.8%), and higher in cities (40.4, 34.4%) than rural region (16.2%), (p<.05, p<.01). 2) 90.8% of the subjects showed negative according to Diabetes inspection. 3) 2.0% of the subjects were hypertensive, and the percentage was higher among women than men, and higher in rural region than cities. 4) 12.6% of the subjects were anemia, and the percentage was higher among women (17.8%) than men (8.0%), and higher in rural region (23.4%) than cities (7.0, 9.1%). 5) DMFT index and DMF rate of dental caries was higher among women (DMFT index; 10.6 DMF rate; 88.9) than men (DMFT index; 7.3 DMF rate; 81.5), and higher in rural region (DMFT index; 11.8 DMF rate; 90.1) than cities (DMFT index; 7.4, 7.9 DMF rate; 79.1, 85.7). 6) According to the survey on self-diagnosed health status of subjects, the percentages of articular·neuralgia (48.9%) was the highest. And that of stomach·digestion troubles (31.1%), headache (22.4%), anxiety·excitement (12.9%), spastic·constipation (12.4%), insomnia (9.7%), melancholia (7.9%) and etc (1.6%) followed. 7) People had allergied food which contained animal protein such as pork, chicken, mackerel, siakworm pupa, clam and so on. 8) In female cases, 46.7% of women became already menopausal and 13.3% of them was under menopause. 5. This research showed that there were significant correlation between food life attitude and health condition in obesity, anemia and dental caries but not in blood pressure. 6. And this research also showed that there were significant correlations between food preference and health condition in obesity, anemia and dental caries but not in blood pressure.