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Lee, M.Y.,Lee, S.M.,Song, E.G.,An, J.H.,Voloshina, I.,Chong, J.R.,Johnson, W.E.,Min, M.S.,Lee, H. Pergamon Press 2016 Biochemical systematics and ecology Vol.69 No.-
<P>Accurate taxonomic classification of wildlife species is crucial for guiding biological research and for developing effective management and conservation programs. The taxonomic status of Eurasian badgers from South Korea remains poorly resolved. Here we assessed the phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation of Eurasia badgers using partial mitochondrial fragments to elucidate the evolutionary history and taxonomic status of badgers from the Korean Peninsula. Forty-eight unique haplotypes from 125 individuals were observed. Phylogenetic reconstructions and reduced median networks indicate that Eurasian badgers consisted of four geographic clades (Japan, Eastern Eurasia, Western Eurasia, and Caucasus) with a relatively weak split observed within Eastern Eurasia. Estimated divergence time between the Japanese and Eastern Eurasian clades, including the Korean population, was 467,100 years (69,200-1,085,500 years). The results of this study support the hypothesis that the Japanese badger migrated from the Eurasian continent over the Korea-Japan land bridge and that the Korean Peninsula was an important refugia during the Pleistocene. Our study confirmed that the South Korean badger, Meles metes, belongs to the Eastern Eurasian clade. Based on these results and those of previous studies, we recommend that the scientific name of the Korean badger be changed from M. metes to Meles leucurus (Asian badger). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
LiF - BeF2 용융염상에서 금속과 금속 산화물의 불화 용해반응
유재형,황두성,정원명,우문식,이규일,박진호,박소진 한국공업화학회 1999 응용화학 Vol.3 No.1
A conversion technology of long-lived radioactive nuclides is to separate the elements involved in spent fuel and convert them into physical and chemical type suited to fuel for transmutation. This study has been investigated the experiments tar fluorination-dissolution of Zr , UO₂, and CeO₂. These compounds are components involved in spent fuel and especially, Zr is the cladding material of fuel. The fraction of fluorination-dissolution was increased linearly with time. Zr and UO₂ were converted respectively 24.2,5.2% after 3hours. CeO₂ was converted into fluoride only 0,19%. This is considered to be due to the solubility of H₂ in the LiF-BeF₂ molten salt. Because hydrogen is used to reduce CeO₂ to CeF₃ but the solubility of H₂ is very low in the molten salt.
이종식(Jong-S. Lee),이판묵(Pan-M. Lee),이종무(Chong-M. Lee),홍석원(Seok-W. Hong) 한국해양공학회 1994 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.8 No.1
A 300 meter class ROV(CROV300) is composed of three parts : a surface unit, a tether cable and an underwater vehicle. The CROV300 control system consists of a surface controller and a vehicle controller. The vehicle controller is based on two processors : an Intel 8097 - 16-bit one chip micro-processor and a Texas Instruments TMS320E25 digital signal processor. In this paper, the surface controller, the vehicle controller and peripheral devices interfaced with the processors are described. These controllers transmit/receive measured status data and control commands through RS422 serial communication. Depth, heading, trimming, camera tilting, and leakage signals are acquired through the embedded AD converters of the 8097. On the other hand, altitude of ROV and obstacle avoidance signals are processed by the DSP processor and periodically fetched by the 8097. The processor is interfaced with a 4-channel 12-bit D/A converter to generate control signals for DC motors and several transistors to handle the relays for on/off switching of external devices.
Kim, M K,Kim, H D,Park, J H,Lim, J I,Yang, J S,Kwak, W Y,Sung, S Y,Kim, H J,Kim, S H,Lee, C H,Shim, J Y,Bae, M H,Shin, Y A,Huh, Y,Han, T D,Chong, W,Choi, H,Ahn, B N,Yang, S O,Son, M H Williams Wilkins 2006 The Journal of pharmacology and experimental thera Vol.318 No.2
<P>Human cathepsin K, a cysteine proteinase of the papain family, has been recognized as a potential drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis. The predominant expression of cathepsin K in osteoclasts has rendered the enzyme into a major target for the development of novel antiresorptive drugs. Now, we report the pharmacological properties of OST-4077 [furan-2-carboxylic acid (1-{1-[4-fluoro-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-oxo-piperidin-4-ylcarbamoyl}-cyclohexyl)-amide] as a novel selective cathepsin K inhibitor. Human and rat cathepsin K were inhibited in vitro by OST-4077 with the IC50 values of 11 and 427 nM, respectively. OST-4077 suppressed bone resorption induced by rabbit osteoclasts (IC50, 37 nM) but did not affect bone mineralization or cellular alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in thyroparathyroidectomized rats gavaged with a single dose of OST-4077 (ED50, 69 mg/kg). When given orally twice daily for 4 weeks to 3-month-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats, OST-4077 dose-dependently prevented bone loss, as monitored by bone densitometry, ash content, and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline. No change in serum osteocalcin in the OVX rats by OST-4077 suggested that bone formation might not be affected by the agent. In summary, OST-4077 selectively inhibited bone resorbing activities of osteoclasts and prevented bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency but did not affect bone formation. OST-4077, an orally active selective human cathepsin K inhibitor, may have the therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases characterized by excessive bone loss including osteoporosis.</P>
원저 : 항-C+e 항체를 가진 산모에서 항-C 항체에 의한 신생아 용혈성 질환 1예
이규형 ( Gyoo Whung Lee(m. T. ) ),계효인 ( Hvo In Gye(m. T. ) ),유소영 ( So Young You(m. T. ) ),강금자 ( Kum Jo Kong(m. T. ) ),김기현 ( Gi Hun Kim(m. T. ) ),강창석 ( Chong Suk Kong(m. D. ) ) 대한임상병리사협회 2003 임상수혈검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.8 No.1
본 증례는 산모의 혈청 속에 존재하는 항-C+e 항체 중 IgG type의 항-C 항체만 태반을 통과하여 발생된 신생아 용혈성 질환으로 산모 혈청 속에 존재하는 항-C의 항체역가는 1:256, 신생아는 1:32를 보였으며 IgM type의 항-e는 산모의 혈청에서만 1:2048의 높은 항체역가를 보였다. 따라서 신생아의 혈청 혈액형 검사가 AHG phase에서 A 혹은 B 혈구에 응집 반응이 일어났다면 동종항체에 의한 응집 반응인지 IgG type의 항-A 혹은 B 항체에 의한 것인지를 구별해야 할 것이며, 이를 위해서는 산모 및 신생아의 항체 선별검사 및 신생아의 ABO 혈구형 검사와 혈청 혈액형 검사가 AHG phase까지 반드시 실시되어야 할 것이다. We describe a case of hemolytic disease of newborn due to anti-C derived from mother who have anti-C+e The titer of anti-C was 1:256 in mother`s serum and 1:32 in serum of nenonate suffering hemolytic disease of newborn. The titer of anti-e was 1:2048 found only in mother`s serum. Because it was IgM antibody, it could not cross the placenta. In order to confirm causative antibody and make a plan for safe transfusion in case of hemolytic disease of newborn, we must investigate the blood group antibody status of both mother and neonate including immunoglobulin types of antibody such as IgG and IgM
Bae, E. J.,Lee, S. H.,Lee, M. G.,Hwang, S. J.,Kim, Chong-K. 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1994 藥學論文集 Vol.10 No.-
The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methotrexate (MTX) were investigated after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injection of free MTX (treatment Ⅰ), MTX-bearing neutral liposmes (large unilamellar vesicles), OLUVs (treatment Ⅱ) and free MTX mixed manually with empty OLUVs (treatment Ⅲ), 4㎎/㎏ as free MTX to rats. After i.v. infusion in 1 min, the plasma concentrations of MTX (C_p), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, 173 vs. 1110 ㎍ ㎖/min), terminal half-life (t_1/2, 24 ·0 min vs. not determined), mean residence time (MRT, 13 ·0 vs. 165 min) and apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V_ss, 289 vs. 584 ㎖/㎏) increased significantly; however, total body clearance (Cl, 23 ·1 vs. 3 ·61 ㎖/min/㎏), renal clearance (Cl_R, 8 ·38 vs. 1 ·88 ㎖/min/㎏) and nonrenal clearance (Cl_NR' 14·6 vs. 1·66 ㎖/min㎏) decreased significantly from treatment Ⅱ when compared with the values from treatment Ⅰ. This could be due to the fact that some of the MTX-bearing OLUVs were entrapped in tissues and the others were present in plasma (increase in MRT and V_ss from treatment Ⅱ). MTX was slowly released from the MTX-bearing OLUVs (increase in t_1/2 from treatment Ⅱ). With the present HPLC assay, the concentrations of MTX represent the sum of the free MTX and MTX in MTX-bearing OLUVs (increase in C_p and AUC, and decrease in Cl from treatment Ⅱ). Some pharmacokinetic parameters of MTX, such as t_1/2 (24 ·0 vs. 58 ·2 min), MRT(13 ·0 vs. 23 ·3 min) and V_ss (289 vs. 456 ㎖/㎏) were significantly different after i.v. administration of empty OLUVs (between treatments Ⅰ and Ⅲ); however, the differences seemed to be smaller than those between treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱ. After i.m. administration, t_1/2 (37 ·2 min vs. not determined) and the total amounts of MTX excreted in urine (X_u, 319 vs. 171 ㎍) were significantly different after treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱ. After both i.v. and i.m. administration, the amount of MTX remaining per gram of tissue, and/or tissue to plasma ratio (T/P) of MTX were significantly reduced in the kidney, small intestine, large intestine or stomach from treatment Ⅱ when compared with those from treatment Ⅰ. This implies that the side-effects of MTX on the kidney and gastrointestinal tract could be reduced after i.v. or i.m. administration of MTX-bearing OLUVs rather than free MTX. The mean encapsulation efficiency of MTX in MTX-bearing OLUVs was 3 ·88% and the MTX was released slowly from MTX-bearing OLUVs when incubated in phosphate-buffered saline, rat plasma and rat liver homogenate.