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셀룰로오스계 라이오셀 활성탄소섬유의 구리 첨착에 의한 SO<sub>2</sub> 흡착특성 변화
김은애,배병철,이철위,이영석,임지선,Kim, Eun Ae,Bai, Byong Chol,Lee, Chul Wee,Lee, Young-Seak,Im, Ji Sun 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.4
본 연구에서는 Cu 촉매가 도입된 활성탄소섬유를 제조하여 고효율 $SO_2$ 흡착재를 제조하였다. 라이오셀 섬유를 내염화 및 탄화공정을 통해 탄소섬유를 얻었으며, $SO_2$ 흡착능을 향상시키기 위해 KOH 활성화를 사용하여 높은 비표면적 및 균일한 미세기공구조를 부여하였다. 활성탄소섬유에 Cu 촉매를 도입하기 위하여 $Cu(NO_3)_2{\cdot}3H_2O$ 수용액을 사용하였으며, 공정 시 i) 탄소섬유 내 산소 관능기의 분해반응을 촉진하고, ii) 산화구리 및 질산염의 분해로 oxygen radical이 생성되어 탄소섬유의 활성화 반응을 촉진시켰다. 이로 인해 활성탄소섬유의 미세공과 중기공 형성효과 및 탄소섬유 표면에 고르게 분산된 Cu 촉매를 확인하였다. Cu 촉매 도입 후, 활성탄소섬유에 비해 비표면적 및 미세공의 비율이 약 10% 이상 증가되었고, $SO_2$ 흡착능이 149% 이상 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. Cu 촉매도입공정 시, 전이금속 촉매효과에 의하여 발달된 미세공, 중기공 및 비표면적에 의한 물리적 흡착과 도입된 Cu 촉매에 의한 $SO_2$ 가스의 화학적 흡착반응의 시너지 효과에 기인하여 $SO_2$ 흡착능이 향상된 것으로 사료된다. In this study, the Cu catalyst decorated with activated carbon fibers were prepared for improving $SO_2$ adsorption properties. Flame retardant and heat treatments of Lyocell fibers were carried out to obtain carbon fibers with high yield. The prepared carbon fibers were activated by KOH solution for the high specific surface area and controlled pore size to improve $SO_2$ adsorption properties. Copper nitrate was also used to introduce the Cu catalyst on the activated carbon fibers (ACFs), which can induce various reactions in the process; i) copper nitrate promotes the decomposition reaction of oxygen group on the carbon fiber and ii) oxygen radical is generated by the decomposition of copper oxide and nitrates to promote the activation reaction of carbon fibers. As a result, the micro and meso pores were formed and Cu catalysts evenly distributed on ACFs. By Cu-impregnation process, both the specific surface area and micropore volume of carbon fibers increased over 10% compared to those of ACFs only. Also, this resulted in an increase in $SO_2$ adsorption capacity over 149% than that of using the raw ACF. The improvement in $SO_2$ adsorption properties may be originated from the synergy effect of two properties; (i) the physical adsorption from micro, meso and specific surface area due to the transition metal catalyst effect appeared during Cu-impregnation process and ii) the chemical adsorption of $SO_2$ gas promoted by the Cu catalyst on ACFs.
NaCl/H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> 내염화 처리가 라이오셀 섬유의 열 안정 및 내산화 특성에 미치는 영향
김은애,배병철,이철위,전영표,이영석,인세진,임지선,Kim, Eun Ae,Bai, Byong Chol,Jeon, Young-Pyo,Lee, Chul Wee,Lee, Young-Seak,In, Se Jin,Im, Ji Sun 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.4
The improved thermal stability and anti-oxidation properties of Lyocell fiber were studied based on flame retardant treatment by using NaCl/$H_3PO_4$ solution. The optimized conditions of flame retardant treatment were studied on various maxing ratio of NaCl and $H_3PO_4$ and the mechanism was proposed through experimental results of thermal stability anti-oxidation. The IPDT (integral procedural decomposition temperature), LOI (limited oxygen index) and $E_a$ (activation energy) increased 23, 30 and 24% respectively via flame retardant treatment. It is noted that thermal stability and anti-oxidation improved based on char and carbon layer formation by dehydrogenation and dissociation of C-C bond resulting the hindrance of oxygen and heat energy into polymer resin. The optimized conditions for efficient flame retardant property of Lyocell fiber were provided using NaCl/$H_3PO_4$ solution and the mechanism was also studied based on experimental results such as IDT (initial decomposition temperature), IPDT, LOI and $E_a$. 본 연구에서는 NaCl/$H_3PO_4$ 혼합수용액을 사용하여 라이오셀 섬유의 내염화 처리를 수행하고 이에 따른 열 안정성과 내산화성의 향상 효과를 고찰하였다. 라이오셀 섬유를 다양한 공정조건으로 내염화 처리한 후 열 안정성과 내산화성을 측정 및 분석하고 그에 따른 메커니즘을 제시하였다. 실험결과, 내염화 처리된 라이오셀 섬유의 적분 열분해 온도(integral procedural decomposition temperature, IPDT)와 한계산소지수(limited oxygen index, LOI)는 약 23, 30% 증가하였으며, 활성화 에너지(activation energy, $E_a$) 값은 약 24% 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 $H_3PO_4$와 NaCl가 연소시 에스테르화 반응, 탈수소화 반응 및 C-C결합의 분해반응으로 char 형성을 촉진하고 섬유 표면에 형성된 탄소 층을 형성함으로써, 고분자 수지 내부로 산소와 열 공급을 물리적으로 차단하여 열 안정성과 내산화성이 향상된 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, NaCl/$H_3PO_4$ 혼합수용액을 이용한 내염화 처리 공정의 최적화된 인자 및 메커니즘을 제시하였고 열 안정성과 내산화성이 향상된 라이오셀을 성공적으로 제조하였다.
NaCl/H3PO4 내염화 처리가 라이오셀 섬유의 열 안정 및 내산화 특성에 미치는 영향
김은애 ( Eun Ae Kim ),배병철 ( Byong Chol Bai ),이철위 ( Chul Wee Lee ),전영표 ( Young Pyo Jeon ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ),인세진 ( Se Jin In ),임지선 ( Ji Sun Im ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.4
The improved thermal stability and anti-oxidation properties of Lyocell fiber were studied based on flame retardant treatmentby using NaCl/H3PO4 solution. The optimized conditions of flame retardant treatment were studied on various maxing ratioof NaCl and H3PO4 and the mechanism was proposed through experimental results of thermal stability anti-oxidation. TheIPDT (integral procedural decomposition temperature), LOI (limited oxygen index) and Ea (activation energy) increased 23,30 and 24% respectively via flame retardant treatment. It is noted that thermal stability and anti-oxidation improved basedon char and carbon layer formation by dehydrogenation and dissociation of C-C bond resulting the hindrance of oxygen andheat energy into polymer resin. The optimized conditions for efficient flame retardant property of Lyocell fiber were providedusing NaCl/ H3PO4 solution and the mechanism was also studied based on experimental results such as IDT (initial decompositiontemperature), IPDT, LOI and Ea.
셀룰로오스계 라이오셀 활성탄소섬유의 구리 첨착에 의한 SO2 흡착특성 변화
김은애 ( Eun Ae Kim ),배병철 ( Byong Chol Bai ),이철위 ( Chul Wee Lee ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ),임지선 ( Ji Sun Im ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.4
In this study, the Cu catalyst decorated with activated carbon fibers were prepared for improving SO2 adsorption properties. Flame retardant and heat treatments of Lyocell fibers were carried out to obtain carbon fibers with high yield. The prepared carbon fibers were activated by KOH solution for the high specific surface area and controlled pore size to improve SO2 adsorption properties. Copper nitrate was also used to introduce the Cu catalyst on the activated carbon fibers (ACFs), which can induce various reactions in the process; 1) copper nitrate promotes the decomposition reaction of oxygen group on the carbon fiber and 2) oxygen radical is generated by the decomposition of copper oxide and nitrates to promote the activation reaction of carbon fibers. As a result, the micro and meso pores were formed and Cu catalysts evenly distributed on ACFs. By Cu-impregnation process, both the specific surface area and micropore volume of carbon fibers increased over 10% compared to those of ACFs only. Also, this resulted in an increase in SO2 adsorption capacity over 149% than that of using the raw ACF. The improvement in SO2 adsorption properties may be originated from the synergy effect of two properties; (1) the physical adsorption from micro, meso and specific surface area due to the transition metal catalyst effect appeared during Cu-impregnation process and 2) the chemical adsorption of SO2 gas promoted by the Cu catalyst on ACFs.
TV 광고의 글로벌 소비자문화 포지셔닝이 제품 평가와 광고에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과
이철 ( Chol Lee ),김태은 ( Ta Eun Kim ) 한국국제경영학회 2011 國際經營硏究 Vol.22 No.4
Alden, Steenkamp and Batra(1999)의 7개국에 걸친 연구에서 글로벌 소비자 문화 포지셔닝이 광고의 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략으로 의미가 있다는 것으로 밝혀졌지만 실제 국내 소비자를 대상으로 이러한 포지셔닝 전략의 효과에 대한 연구는 거의 찾아보기 어려웠다. 따라서, 본 연구는 국내 소비자를 대상으로 글로벌 소비자 문화 포지셔닝 전략이 제품평가(지각된 품질, 가격, 브랜드 명성)와 광고에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과를 실증적으로 분석하여, 정(+)의 효과를 미친다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 또한 소비자의 자민족 중심주의와 제품지식 그리고 제품특성(내구재 대 비내구재)이 글로벌 소비자 문화 포지셔닝의 효과에 미치는 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 자민족 중심주의가 약한 소비자일수록, 제품 지식이 낮은 소비자일수록 그리고 비내구재보다 내구재에서 글로벌 소비자 문화 포지셔닝의 효과가 크다는 것이 밝혀졌다. Global consumer culture positioning(GCCP) was identified as meaningful valid brand positioning strategy in advertising across four countries by Alden, Steenkamp and Batra(1999). However, the effects of the GCCP on consumer`s product evaluations and attitude toward advertising have rarely been tested until recently. Thus, this study examined and found the positive effects of GCCP on consumers` product evaluation, such as perceived quality, price and brand reputation, and attitude toward advertising. Also, it found the effects of the GCCP varied depending on consumer`s ethnocentrism and product knowledge and on characteristics of product (durable/nondurable product): the effects becomes stronger on consumers with weaker ethnocentrism and lower product knowledge and on durable products.