부산 금정산일대 용천수, 지하수 및 지열수의 지화학적 특성

조명희,함세영,한석종,성익환,이병대,조병욱 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 環境硏究報 Vol.17 No.1

Spring, groundwater and thermal water from the area and the vicinity of Mt. Geumjeong and Mt. Baekyang, Pusan city, has been sampled and analyzed for major and minor elements. According to the Piper diagram, spring water belongs to Ca^2^+-HCO_3^- and Na^+-HCO_3^- types, groundwater to Ca^2^+-HCO_3^- type, and thermal water to Na^+-CI^- type. Based on the phase stability diagrams of [Ca^2^+I/[H^+]^2, [Mg^2^^+I/[H^+]^2, and [Na^+I/[H^+] vs. [H_4SiO_4], spring water, groundwater and thermal water are mostly in equilibrium with kaolinite. The result of factor analysis shows three factors (factor 1,2 and factor 3) for the spring water, the groundwater and the thermal water which are represented by the influence of the dissolution of feldspar, calcite, anthropogenic sources (domestic and industrial wastes) and salt water.

보건관리 대행사업 평가도구의 타당성, 신뢰도 및 인과관계 검증에 관한 연구

박정일,조병희,구정완,김광종,김현욱,원종욱,이명숙,정문희 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2001 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.40 No.1

In order to verify the validity, reliability and relativeness of preliminary evaluation tool for the group occupational health services(GOHS), a questionnaire survey for doctors, nurses and hygienists of 18 GOSH institutions, and employers, health managers and employees of 340 enterprises was conducted. A factor analysis and correlation test for the statistical validity of the variables in the evaluation tool, a Chronbach's Alpha value for the reliability in the evaluation indices and a regression analysis for the relations of the evaluation model were performed. The results were as follows: 1.In factor analysis, thirty-three variables among 43 variables were selected as significant variables, ie 9 out of 11 for input index, 11 out of 14 for throughout index and 13 out of 18 for out put index. 2.Three evaluation(outcome) scales(evaluation by employer, health manager and employee) which composed of 16 identical items were used. 3.The Chronbach's Alpha values of input, throughout, out put and outcome indices were 0.5221, 0.5473, 0.7122 and 0.8546 respectively. 4.Regression equations of independent variables on the evaluation scales of employer, health manager and employee were all statistically significant.

순간충격시험에 의한 금정산지역 화강암의 수리적 매개변수 산출

함세영,김문수,성익환,이병대,조병욱,김광성,김성이 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究報 Vol.18 No.-

This study is aimed for estimating hydraulic parameters using the Cooper-Bredhoeft-Papadopulos, the Hvorslev, the Bouwer & Rice analyses of data obtained by the slug test, and for characterizing hydraulic properties at the test holes in relation to drill core data. The study area was divided into four subareas far which the hydraulic characteristics was considered. The relationship among hydraulic parameters obtained by the three slug test analyses was also considered. The difference of hydraulic conductivity estimates between the injection slug test and the withdrawal slug test seems to be caused by the permeable fracture distribution around the test hole and the disturbance of fine materials in the fractures induced by the pressure variation due to slug injection and withdrawal. The hydraulic conductivity estimates calculated by the Cooper-Bredhoeft-Papadopulos, the Hvorslev and the Bouwer & Rice analyses range from 10-8 to 10-5m/sec, and the average ranges from 10-7 to 10-6m/sec.

Radon Concentrations in Raw Water and Treated Water of the Korean Bottled Water

( Byong Wook Cho ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Radon concentrations in raw and treated water of the 59 bottled water produced in South Korea was analyzed using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The radon level in 59 raw water sample ranged from 3.7 to 476.8 Bq/L with a geometric mean of 49.0 Bq/L and was high in Jurassic granite and was low in volcanic rocks. In contrast, the radon in 54 treated water sample ranged from 0.1 to 239.4 Bq/L with a geometric mean of 7.8 Bq/L. The radon reduction rate of treated water was 16.0-98.9% (average 74.9%) due to the effect of atmospheric storage in the storage tank and the treatment processes such as activated carbon and membrane filters. The number of raw water samples exceeding 148 Bq/L, the tentative guideline of Korea, was 10 while that of treated water sample was just 1. Nevertheless, it is expected that radon concentration of the 59 bottled water would not exceed 148 Bq/L because it would take 1-2 weeks for the treated water to be arrived as a bottled water to the customer.

울산지역 지하수, 하수 및 하천수의 VOCs 오염특성

조병욱(Byong-Wook Cho),윤욱(Uk-Yun),임현철(Hyun-Chul Im),성익환(Ig-Hwan Sung),장우석(Woo-Seog Jang) 대한자원환경지질학회 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.1

울산광역시 일대 지하수내 VOCs 함량을 파악하기 위하여 168개의 지하수, 12개의 하천수, 6개의 하수 시료를 채취하여 61개 성분의 VOCs를 분석하였다. 분석결과 하천수에서는 VOCs가 검출되지 않았고 도심에 위치한 5개 하수의 총 VOCs 함량은 ND-22.3 µg/L으로 낮은 편이었다. 168개 지하수 시료에서 분석된 61개 VOCs 성분 중 1성분 이상 검출된 시료 수는 78개이다. 78개 지하수 시료의 총 VOCs 함량은 0.1 µg/L - 387.1 µg/L의 범위이나, 78개 시료의 84.6%인 66개 시료의 총 VOCs 함량이 10 µg/L 이하이고, 음용수기준치를 넘는 시료는 6개에 불과하다. 검출된 VOCs 성분은 분석된 61개 중 42개 성분으로 방향족탄화수소(Aromatic hydrocarbon)가 25개 성분 중 14개 성분이, 염소계지방족탄화수소(Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon)가 35개 성분 중 27개 성분, 그리고 MTBE가 검출되었다. VOCs 성분의 검출빈도로 보면 클로로포름이 전체 시료의 25.6%에 해당하는 43개로서 가장 높다. 그 다음으로는 methylene chloride 21.4%(36개), TCE 15.5%(26개), 1,1-dichloroehane 11.3%(19개), PCE 9.5%(16개), cis-1,2-DCE 8.9%(15개), tolune 8.3%(14개)의 순서로 검출되고 있다. 연구지역 지하수의 VOCs의 함량범위로 볼 때, 아직까지 VOCs에 의한 지하수 오염은 우려할만한 수준은 아니나, 도시화가 진행되고 있고, 음용수기준치가 강화되는 경향 등을 고려할 때 계속적인 관찰이 요구된다 To investigate the characteristics of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration in the groundwater around Ulsan, Korea, 168 groundwaters, 12 stream waters, and 6 sewage waters were analyzed for 61 VOCs. Results showed that VOCs were not detected in stream waters and total VOCs concentration in 5 sewage waters was in the range of ND-22.3 µg/L. In 78 groundwater samples more than one VOCs were detected and VOCs concentration of the samples ranged from 0.1 µg/L to 387.1 µg/L. However, VOCs concentration of 66 samples out of 78 samples showed less than 10 µg/L and that of only 6 samples exceeded Korea drinking water limit (KDWL). 42 VOCs detected from the 168 groundwaters were 14 aromatic hydrocarbons out of 25, 27 chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons out of 35, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Detection rate of each VOCs in the groundwaters was as follows: chloroform in 43 samples (25.6%), methylene chloride in 36 samples (21.4%), TCE in 26 samples (15.5%), 1,1-dichloroethane in 19 samples (1.3%), PCE in 16 samples (9.5%), cis-1,2-DCE in 15 samples (8.9%), and toluene in 14 samples (8.3%). Even though VOCs concentration in the groundwaters of the study area is still low, the city is expanding and the drinking water limit is becoming strict, and therefore continuous monitoring is necessary.

대산취수장의 취수에 의한 영향범위 고찰

조병욱 ( Byong Wook Cho ),윤욱 ( Uk Yu ),이병대 ( Byeong Dae Lee ),하규철 ( Kyu Chul Ha ) 대한지질공학회 2014 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

이천지역 지하수의 우라늄과 라돈함량

조병욱 ( Byong Wook Cho ),윤욱 ( Uk Yun ),이병대 ( Byoung Dae ),노희정 ( Hoe Jung Noh ) 대한지질공학회 2010 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

논문 : 경상남북도 지하수 중 자연방사성물질 우라늄과 라돈의 산출특징과 함량분포에 대한 수리지화학적 연구

조병욱 ( Byong Wook Cho ),추창오 ( Chang Oh Choo ),윤욱 ( Uk Yun ),이병대 ( Byeong Dae Lee ),황재홍 ( Jae Hong Hwang ),김문수 ( Moon Su Kim ) 대한지질공학회 2014 지질공학 Vol.24 No.4

중생대 경상누층군(Gyeonsang Super Group)의 백악기 퇴적암과 화성암류가 분포하는 경상남북도 지역의 201개 지하수공을 대상으로 자연방사성물질인 우라늄과 라돈의 함량특징과 수리지질학적 관련성을 규명하였다. 이를 위하여 요인분석을 통하여 방사성물질과 주요 수질성분과의 상관성을 해석하였으며, 또한 이들의 함량분포와 지질을 고려하여 자연방사성물질의 함량분포도를 작성하였다. 경상남북도지역의 지하수는 대부분 Ca-Na-HCO3가 우세한 유형을 보여 전형적인 칼슘-나트륨-중탄산형의 수리화학적 특징을 보인다. 우라늄의 함량이 미국 EPA의 MCL 30 μg/L를 넘는 지점은 1개소, 라돈함량이 미국 EPA의 AMCL 4,000 pCi/L를 넘는 지점은 3개소였으며, 전알파의 함량이 15 pCi/L 또는 라듐함량이 5pCi/L를 넘는 지점은 없었다. 우라늄의 함량범위는 0.02~53.7 μg/L, 평균 1.56 μg/L, 표준편차 4.3 μg/L이고, 중앙값은0.47 μg/L로서 매우 낮다. 우라늄의 평균치는 신동층군 > 중생대 화강암 > 하양층군 > 유천층군 > 신생대 제3기 퇴적암의 순으로 높다. 전체지역의 라돈의 함량범위는 2~8,740 pCi/L, 평균 754, 중앙값 510, 표준편차는 907 pCi/L이다. 라돈의평균치는 중생대 화강암 > 유천층군 > 신생대 제3기퇴적암 > 하양층군 > 신동층군의 순으로 높다. 경상남북도의 주요 지질단위를 구분하여 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 우라늄과 라돈의 상관성은 매우 낮았으나, 우라늄과 라돈은 일부 중요 수질항목과 높은 상관관계를 보인다. 요인분석 결과에 의하면 특정한 요인이 자연방사성원소의 거동특성에 크게 영향을 주지 않으므로 이들은 다소 독립적인 거동특성을 하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 광역적인 방사상물질 연구에서는 행정구역단위 외에도 주요 지질별로 구분하여 방사성원소의 함유특징을 해석할 필요가 있다. The occurrence, distribution, and hydrogeochemical characteristics of uranium and radon in groundwater within different lithologies in Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk provinces were investigated. A total of 201 groundwater samples from sedimentary rocks taking a large portion of the geology and from igneous rocks taking a small portion of the geology were analyzed and examined using factor analysis. Their radionuclide levels were used to construct detailed concentration maps. The groundwater types, defined using a Piper diagram, are mainly Ca-HCO3 with less Na-HCO3. Among the samples, one site exceeds 30 μg/L of uranium (i.e., the maximum contaminant level of the USEPA) and three sites exceed 4,000 pCi/L of radon (i.e., the alternative maximum contaminant level). No samples were found to exceed the 15 pCi/L level of gross alpha or the 5 pCi/L level of radium. The concentration of uranium ranges from 0.02 to 53.7 μg/L, with a mean of 1.56 μg/L, a median of 0.47 μg/L, and a standard deviation of 4.3 μg/L. The mean concentrations of uranium for the different geological units increase in the following order: Shindong Group, Granites, Hayang Group, Yucheon Group, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks. The concentration of radon ranges from 2 to 8,740 pCi/L, with an mean of 754 pCi/L, a median of 510 pCi/L, and a standard deviation of 907 pCi/L. The mean radon concentrations for the investigated geological units increase in the following order: Granites, Yucheon Group, Tertiary sedimentary rocks, Hayang Group and Shindong Group. According to the factor analysis for each geological unit, uranium and radon behave independently of each other with no specific correlation. However, radionuclides show close relationships with some components. Regional investigations of radionuclides throughout the country require an integrated approach that considers the main lithological units as well as administrative districts.

이천 화강암지역 지하수의 우라늄과 라돈 함량 특성

조병욱 ( Byong Wook Cho ),추창오 ( Chang Oh Choo ),김문수 ( Moon Su Kim ),이영준 ( Young Joon Lee ),윤욱 ( Uk Yun ),이병대 ( Byeong Dae Lee ) 대한지질공학회 2011 지질공학 Vol.21 No.3

국내 화강암지역 지하수의 우라늄과 라돈 함량의 범위와 특성 파악을 위하여 이천지역 74개 지하수를 조사한 결과 우라늄 함량은 0.02~1,640.0 μg/L (중앙값 2.03 μg/L), 라돈 함량은 40~23,400 pCi/L (중앙값 4,649 pCi/L)으로 나타났다. 74개 지하수 중 8개인 10.8%에서 미국 EPA의 우라늄 기준치(30 μg/L)를 초과하였다. 라돈은 44개인 59.5%에서 미국의 음용제안치(AMCL)인 4,000 pCi/L를 초과하였고 핀란드의 음용 제안치인 8,100 pCi/L를 초과하는 시료는 전체의 13.5%인 10개이다. U-HCO3 (0.71), U-Ca (0.69), U-Li (0.45), U-Sr (0.43), U-F (0.42)를 제외하고는 우라늄(라돈)과 주요 성분간의 상관성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 연구지역 지하수의 우라늄과 라돈 함량은 유사한 지질을 가지는 외국에 비교하면 낮은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 천부 지하수의 공내 유입으로 인해서 실제 함량보다 낮게 검출되었을 가능성이 크다. Concentrations of uranium (U) and radon (Rn) were measured in groundwater from 74 wells in the Icheon area, with the aim of determining the range and distribution of concentrations in an area underlain by granite (in this case, the Icheon granite). U concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 1,640.0 μg/L (median value, 2.03 μg/L) and Rn concentrations ranged from 40 to 23,400 pCi/L (median value, 4,649 pCi/L). U concentrations in 10.8% of the samples exceeded 30 μg/L, which is the maximum contaminant level (MCL) proposed by the US Environmental Protection agency (EPA), based on the chemical toxicity of U. In addition, U concentrations in 59.5% and 13.5% of the samples exceeded 4,000 pCi/L (the Alternative MCL (AMCL) of the US EPA) and 8,100 pCi/L (Finland`s guideline level), respectively. We found no significant correlations between U (Rn) and other constituents, except for U-HCO3 (correlation coefficient of 0.71), U-Ca (0.69), U-Li (0.45), U-Sr (0.43), and U-F (0.42). U and Rn contents in the groundwater are low relative to those in areas in other countries with similar geological settings, possibly due to the inflow of shallow groundwater to the wells in the Icheon area.

괴산 화강암지역 지하수의 우라늄 함량

조병욱(Byong-Wook Cho),김문수(Moon-Su Kim),김현구(Hyun-Koo Kim),윤욱(Uk Yun),황재홍(Jae-Hong Hwang) 대한지질학회 2017 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10