Simulation and Modelling for Bending Analysis of Elastically Supported Laminated Plates Under Concentrated Load: A Meshless Approach

Chandan Kumar,Rahul Kumar,Harish K. Sharma,Sumit Khare 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.4

This paper implements a meshless technique based on the multiquadric radial basis function to investigate the flexural response of thin to moderately thick laminated plates resting on elastic foundations and subjected to various types of transverse loads with simply supported boundary conditions. The laminated plates are modelled via the equivalent single-layered Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory plate theory with five unknown variables. This study applied the energy principle to determine the governing differential equations of the elastically supported laminated plate and discretized with stable the multiquadric radial basis function. The program is compiled on the MATLAB platform, and numerous comparative studies are carried out to show the reliability and correctness of the suggested meshless numerical model. The flexural behaviour of the laminated plate is investigated using parametric studies to determine the impacts of the span-to-thickness ratio, two variable elastic foundations, aspect ratio, orthotropy ratio, and number of layers on flexural behaviours of the considered plates are presented.

The Negative Particle ‘nə/ne’ and non-Negation in Magahi

Chandan Kumar 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2018 남아시아연구 Vol.24 No.2

The paper is an investigation of the form and function of the negative particle in Magahi language. The negation in Magahi is a morphological process whereby the particle ‘n-’ is placed in the pre-verbal position in an ordinary case of negating the assertion. Language has more than one variant of negative particle, but two of them are interestingly in contrastive distribution. The two variants are ‘n?’ and ‘ne’; and whenever the domain or socialconstruct demands a situation whereby referents are supposed to be given respect; particle ‘n?’ is favoured/ preferred. The linguistic harmony among the negative particles, the form of the verb and the referred noun can be seen as a case of ‘agreement’ between the subject (logical) and the negative particle. It, in point of fact, functions as emotive or affect particle, whereby, it carries the speaker’s emotion and remains in agreement with interlocutors. Initially, the agreement is seen in standard and constituent negation structure, and, further evidence of agreement is found in Tag question. It has also been argued that, it may not necessarily establish a case of agreement but indicates an affective common ground between the speaker and the addressee. In a nutshell, the paper captures and discusses its negative particle ‘n?’ other than negation characteristic in Magahi language. And, it also looks for the particular morpho-syntactic criterion for the distribution of the two variants, and ways to explain the semantic variability.

A Hybrid Polybius-Playfair Music Cipher

Chandan Kumar,Sandip Dutta,Soubhik Chakraborty 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.8

Music has a versatile dimensionality; it can be used to express feelings, emotions and can also be used as a communicable language. Music and its attributes have been used in cryptography and steganography from a long time. Musical symbols and notes are used as replacement/substitution cipher. Using music as a cipher or cover media not only enhances the security of the message but also reduces its chance to be detected as an encoded or ciphered message. This paper proposes a hybrid Polybius and Playfair cipher which encodes the message into sequence of musical notes. The Playfair key matrix is generated using the Blum-Blum Shub generator. The bigrams of plain text message is first encrypted using Playfair cipher then individual character of the encrypted message is re-encrypted using Polybius cipher. The Playfair cipher enhances the security of the encrypted message over the simple substitution technique. The Polybius cipher then reduces the character set by appropriate number of symbols (here musical notes) for replacement. The basic 5X5 structure of key matrix in Polybius and Playfair is extended to 10X10 to hold the 95 prinTable characters of ASCII character set.

Hiding Messages using Musical Notes: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

Chandan Kumar,Sandip Dutta,Soubhik Chakraborty 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

“Music can be used as a communicable language”. Musical symbols and musical notes have been used as codes and ciphers from early days. The art of encrypting messages using music is termed as Musical cryptography and it uses predefined set of notes and set of rules for composing musical pieces which in turn are musical cryptograms. Traditional algorithms applied to musical cryptography used simple substitution cipher which merely produced good musical sequences. To overcome this problem a fuzzy logic based algorithm for musical cryptography is proposed in this paper. The paper proposes a symmetric key substitution cipher which uses one of the n candidate notes to encrypt a particular character. The application of fuzzy logic in musical cryptography produces acceptable musical sequences which are hard to be suspected as cipher.

Inferior alveolar nerve dysfunction in mandibular fractures: a prospective cohort study

Chandan S N,Sujeeth Kumar Shetty,Sahith Kumar Shetty,Anjan Kumar Shah 대한구강악안면외과학회 2021 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.47 No.3

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and recovery of inferior alveolar nerve dysfunction (IAND) in mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Clinical neurosensory testing was done preoperatively and the IAND was categorized as mild, moderate or severe. Postoperatively, neurosensory testing was repeated at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and every 3 months thereafter. Results: A total of 257 patients with 420 fractures were included in the study with a mean age of 31.7 years. Body fractures (95.9%) had the highest incidence of IAND, followed by the angle fractures (90.1%) and symphysis fractures (27.6%). The condyle and coronoid fractures did not have any IAND and hence were excluded from further study. After eliminating those cases, 232 patients remained in the study with 293 fractures. The overall prevalence of IAND in fractures occurring distal to the mandibular foramen was 56.3%. The changes until 1 week were minimal. From 1 month to 6 months, there was a significant reduction in the severity of IAND. A significant number of cases (60.0%) were lost to follow-up between 6 and 9 months. At 6 months, 23.9% of cases still had some form of IAND and 95.0% of the symphysis, 59.0% of the angle and 34.8% of the body fractures with IAND had become normal. Conclusion: This study documents the reduction in the degree of severity of IAND in the first six months and provides the basis for future studies with longer periods of follow-up.

Green and proficient process for industrial-scale preparation of Gymnema sylvestre standardized-extract enriched with Gymnemic acids through polymer-matrix-adsorption to reduce hyperglycemia

Deepak Kumar,Vipin Kumar Singh,Narayan Prasad Yadav,Sudeep Tandon,Karuna Shanker,Chandan Singh Chanotiya,Narendra Kumar,Puja Khare,Anirban Pal,Debabrata Chanda,Dharmendra Saikia,Yusuf Hussain,Abha Mee 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-

Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant, but a method for preparing standardized extractenriched with biomarkers is not available. The practiced crude hydro-alcoholic extracts of G. sylvestrecontained a few percentage of gymnemic acids (GAs). The enrichment of GAs in preprared extracts isessential from a pharmacology point of view. Presently, a scale-up process has been developed forpreparing G. sylvestre standardized extract (Gym-EEXT). Crude extract (Gym-Crude) was prepared in10-kg batches to obtain a yield of 268.1 mg/g, but GAs was merely 9 mg/g (GA-IV 6.7 mg/g, and GAXVII2.3 mg/g) in 30 % ethanol–water solvent at 50 C in 5 h. Further, Gym-Crude was processed throughpolymer-matrix-adsorption techniques for getting Gym-EEXT (150.9 mg/g) with improved percentage ofGAs (>10 %) comprised of deacylgymnemic acid (DGA: 8.9 mg/g), gymnemagenin (2.3 mg/g), GA-IV(78.6 mg/g), and GA-XVII (10.2 mg/g). For safety aspects, the pesticide residues, solvent residues, heavymetal, aflatoxins, and mutagenicity in Gym-EEXT were below the detection limits. Hence, Gym-EEXT wasenriched with GAs, and fully safe with compliance according to USP-561. An insignificant effect of Gym-EEXT on vitals of experimental mice was observed in acute and sub-acute oral-toxicityexperiments. Gym-EEXT significantly improved the blood glucose metabolism, and hence, it potentiallyreduces hyperglycaemia. Unique chromatographic protocols were developed for the isolation of biomarkerson a 1-kg scale from Gym-Crude with yield of gymnemagenin (5.5 %), and DGA (4.6 %). Finally, a novel,scientifically validated, and the scale-up process has been developed for the preparation of Gym-EEXTalong with an exclusive protocol for isolating its biomarkers.

SOME RESULTS IN η-RICCI SOLITON AND GRADIENT ρ-EINSTEIN SOLITON IN A COMPLETE RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLD

Mondal, Chandan Kumar,Shaikh, Absos Ali Korean Mathematical Society 2019 대한수학회논문집 Vol.34 No.4

The main purpose of the paper is to prove that if a compact Riemannian manifold admits a gradient ${\rho}$-Einstein soliton such that the gradient Einstein potential is a non-trivial conformal vector field, then the manifold is isometric to the Euclidean sphere. We have showed that a Riemannian manifold satisfying gradient ${\rho}$-Einstein soliton with convex Einstein potential possesses non-negative scalar curvature. We have also deduced a sufficient condition for a Riemannian manifold to be compact which satisfies almost ${\eta}$-Ricci soliton.

A Modified Single Port Minimally Invasive Video Assisted Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Technique Using Tubular Retractor System

Yadav Sanjay Kumar,Jha Chandan Kumar,Johri Goonj 대한내분비외과학회 2021 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.21 No.2

Minimally invasive video assisted thyroid and parathyroid surgery (MIVAT/MIVAP) has become a common approach worldwide and is being performed for malignant thyroid nodules and bilateral neck exploration for parathyroid as well (1). It is a central gasless approach as compared to the endoscopic approach proposed by Gagner (2) and other approaches described using CO2 insufflation, external retraction, lateral access as proposed by Henry et al. (3). The advantages of MIVAT/MIVAP are smaller incision, early post-operative recovery and lesser pain leading to better patient satisfaction. Other advantages arise due to the use of magnifying endoscope enabling an easier identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), external branch of superior laryngeal nerves and parathyroids (4). We here describe a modified single port MIVAT/MIVAP technique using tubular retractor system.

Microstructure Characterization and Charpy Toughness of P91 Weldment for As-Welded, Post-Weld Heat Treatment and Normalizing & Tempering Heat Treatment

Chandan Pandey,M. M. Mahapatra,Pradeep Kumar,A. Giri 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.5

The effect of weld groove design and heat treatment on microstructure evolution and Charpy toughness of P91pipe weldments was studied. The P91 pipe weldments were subjected to subcritical post weld heat treatment(760 °C-2 h) and normalizing/tempering conditions (normalized-1040 °C/40 min, air cooled; tempered 760 °C/2 h,air cooled) were employed. The influence of subsequent PWHT and N&T treatment on the microstructure of variouszone of P91 pipe weldments were also investigated. The present investigation also described the effect ofPWHT and N&T treatment on hardness, grain size, precipitate size, inter-particle spacing and fraction area of precipitatespresent in each zone of P91 pipe weldments. The result indicated great impact of heat treatment on theCharpy toughness and microstructure evolution of P91 weldments. The N&T treatment was found to be moreeffective heat treatment compared to subsequent PWHT. Charpy toughness value was found to be higher for narrow-groove design as compared to conventional V-groove design.

Is an Optimum Currency Area Feasible in East and South East Asia?

CHANDAN SHARMA,RITESH KUMAR MISHRA 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 Global economic review Vol.41 No.3

In the backdrop of the recent economic crisis in the European Union, this study attempts to assess the degree of regional integration and the suitability of a monetary union in the East and South-East Asian (ESEA) region. For this purpose, we analyse the issue in a variety of ways. First, a long-run linkage of real output of the countries is tested using the cointegration analysis. Results suggest that real output of most of the countries in the region is cointegrated and move together in the long-run. To analyse the issue in detail, we focus on the impact of three different shocks, namely global, regional and country-specific, on real output of the countries. Results of impulse response and variance decomposition analysis reveal that regional shocks do not dominate in the sample countries, which is an indication of unfavourable condition to form an optimal currency area (OCA) in the region. These results are further confirmed by the outcome of computation of the modified Bayoumi and Eichengreen’s Indices. Finally, we employ the concept of Generalized Purchasing Power Parity (G-PPP), which however reveals that the bilateral real exchange rate of ESEA countries move together in the long-run and share a common stochastic trend, which in turn provides some empirical support for an OCA in the region.