Is an Optimum Currency Area Feasible in East and South East Asia?

CHANDAN SHARMA,RITESH KUMAR MISHRA 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 Global economic review Vol.41 No.3

In the backdrop of the recent economic crisis in the European Union, this study attempts to assess the degree of regional integration and the suitability of a monetary union in the East and South-East Asian (ESEA) region. For this purpose, we analyse the issue in a variety of ways. First, a long-run linkage of real output of the countries is tested using the cointegration analysis. Results suggest that real output of most of the countries in the region is cointegrated and move together in the long-run. To analyse the issue in detail, we focus on the impact of three different shocks, namely global, regional and country-specific, on real output of the countries. Results of impulse response and variance decomposition analysis reveal that regional shocks do not dominate in the sample countries, which is an indication of unfavourable condition to form an optimal currency area (OCA) in the region. These results are further confirmed by the outcome of computation of the modified Bayoumi and Eichengreen’s Indices. Finally, we employ the concept of Generalized Purchasing Power Parity (G-PPP), which however reveals that the bilateral real exchange rate of ESEA countries move together in the long-run and share a common stochastic trend, which in turn provides some empirical support for an OCA in the region.

Does Exchange Rate Volatility Dampen Imports? Commodity-Level Evidence From India

Chandan Sharma,Debdatta Pal 한국국제경제학회 2019 International Economic Journal Vol.33 No.4

This paper studies the effect of exchange rates’ volatility on India’s imports on a balanced panel of 73 commodities spanned from April 2013 to October 2016. Rather than using cross-country bilateral import flows, we test the relationship at the commodity level using disaggregated trade data with monthly frequency. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model is used for estimating exchange rate. We employ pooled mean group estimator for simultaneously assessing long- and short-run association between nominal exchange rate volatility and import volume. In the long-run, for all commodities, a 100% increase in volatility results in a 12% drop in India’s imports. A significant dampening impact of volatility of exchange rate on imports is evidenced also in short-run. However, at the disaggregate level, imports in the agricultural and allied sector are found to be relatively more sensitive to exchange rate volatility as compared to the manufacturing sector. We also conducted a time series analysis for the aggregate data covering both pre- and postcrisis period. The results validate the findings of commodities-level panel data analysis. This paper concludes with policy implications of our findings.

Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A North Indian Tertiary Care Centre Experience

Das, Chandan Krushna,Gogia, Ajay,Kumar, Lalit,Sharma, Atul,Sharma, Mehar Chand,Mallick, Saumya Ranjan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.10

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (11;14). Prognosis is uniformly dismal but there is a paucity of information on MCL from India. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed clinicopathological information on all treated patients with MCL at our centre. STATA 14.0 was used for analysis. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox's proportional hazards method. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of < 0.05. Results: Fifty-one patients with MCL were reviewed. The median age at presentation was 57.0 years. Extranodal involvement was seen in 39.0 (74.0%) while bone marrow positivity at presentation was found in 27.0 (54.0%). Initial treatment was chemotherapy with or without rituximab. Patients receiving rituximab-based therapy (n = 24) had 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 21.0 (88.0%), compared with 14.0 (61.0%) for those not receiving rituximab (n = 23, P = 0.036). Twenty-three patients were alive with a median follow-up of 20.7 months (range 2.5-89.2). PFS at 1 and 2 years was 51.0% and 27.0%, and overall survival (OS) 78.0% and 72.0%, respectively. Use of more than 2.0 lines of therapy, use of bendamustine-rituximab, and high TLC (>10,000.0/cu.mm) significantly affected PFS. Conclusions: In our experience, MCL patients from north India have an early age at presentation. When treated with regimens including rituximab results in an improved response rate and PFS. This study provided comprehensive insights into the treatment of MCL in a developing country.

Simulation and Modelling for Bending Analysis of Elastically Supported Laminated Plates Under Concentrated Load: A Meshless Approach

Chandan Kumar,Rahul Kumar,Harish K. Sharma,Sumit Khare 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.4

This paper implements a meshless technique based on the multiquadric radial basis function to investigate the flexural response of thin to moderately thick laminated plates resting on elastic foundations and subjected to various types of transverse loads with simply supported boundary conditions. The laminated plates are modelled via the equivalent single-layered Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory plate theory with five unknown variables. This study applied the energy principle to determine the governing differential equations of the elastically supported laminated plate and discretized with stable the multiquadric radial basis function. The program is compiled on the MATLAB platform, and numerous comparative studies are carried out to show the reliability and correctness of the suggested meshless numerical model. The flexural behaviour of the laminated plate is investigated using parametric studies to determine the impacts of the span-to-thickness ratio, two variable elastic foundations, aspect ratio, orthotropy ratio, and number of layers on flexural behaviours of the considered plates are presented.

Characterization of MHC DRB3.2 Alleles of Crossbred Cattle by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Paswan, Chandan,Bhushan, Bharat,Patra, B.N.,Kumar, Pushpendra,Sharma, Arjava,Dandapat, S.,Tomar, A.K.S.,Dutt, Triveni Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.9

The present investigation was undertaken to study the genetic polymorphism of the DRB3 exon 2 in 75 crossbred cattle by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Five genotypes i.e. HaeIII-a, HaeIII-b, HaeIII-e, HaeIII-ab and HaeIII-ae were observed when the 284 bp PCR products were digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. The corresponding frequencies of these patterns were 0.53, 0.04, 0.01, 0.38 and 0.04, respectively. Digestion with RsaI restriction enzyme resolved 24 different restriction patterns. The frequencies of these patterns ranged from 0.013 (RsaI-f, RsaI-k and RsaI-c/n) to 0.120 (RsaI-n). The results revealed that the crossbred cows belonged to the RsaI patterns namely b, k, l, a/l, d/s, l/n, l/o and m/n, whose corresponding frequencies were 0.027, 0.013, 0.040, 0.027, 0.040, 0.067, 0.027 and 0.067, respectively. Digestion of the 284 bp PCR product of DRB3.2 gene with PstI in the crossbred cattle did not reveal any restriction site. These results suggested the absence of the recognition site in some of the animals. These results also revealed that the crossbred cows studied were in homozygous as well as heterozygous condition. On the basis of the above results it can be concluded that the DRB3.2 gene was found to be highly polymorphic in the crossbred cattle population.

Facile green synthesis of heteroatoms doped Aegle marmelos-derived carbon quantum dots and its tuneable fluorescence characteristics influenced by solvent polarity

Kansay Vishal,Sharma Varun Dutt,Chandan G.,Chakrabarti S.,Bera M. K. 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.3

The detailed understanding of fluorescence emission processes is still unclear. This study demonstrates Aegle marmelos derived luminescent heteroatoms (N, Ca, K) doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using an economically and ecologically sustainable synthesis process without the necessity for any doping precursors due to its phytochemical, vitamin and mineral content. Carboxyl functionalization was done by adding lemon juice to the fruit extract. The morphological, physiochemical, compositional, crystallinity, and surface functional groups having heteroatom doped CQDs were analysed by HRTEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, FTIR etc. Besides, CQDs exhibited pH and solvent-dependent tuneable fluorescence characteristics. In fact, beyond pH 7.77, a protonation-deprotonation-driven red-shift was observed together with a decrease in the contribution of prominent peaks. Meanwhile, the features of solvatochromic fluorescence were examined in a range of aprotic and protic solvents with low and high polarity. Based on the studied Kamlet–Taft parameters and the obtained spectroscopic characterizations, a suitable fluorescence emission mechanism is provided. The observed solvatochromic fluorescence is thought to be caused by a combination of dipole moment polarisation, intramolecular charge transfer processes with or without H-bond stabilisation via the interaction of heteroatoms doped CQDs with solvent mediated by electron donation and acceptance from various surface functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl with solvent molecules. Hence, this study is believed to promote the development of eco-tuneable fluorescent heteroatom doped CQDs and provide further insights into the fundamental fluorescence mechanisms, which include the relationship between morphology, surface properties and plausible quantum effects between CQDs and solvents.