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( Suk Won Lim ),( Sung Won Jung ),( Sung Ku Ahn ),( Bora Kim ),( Hee Chang Ryoo ),( Seung Hun Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2003 대한화장품학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Ursolic acid (UA) and Oleanolic acid (ONA), known as urson, micromeroJ and malol, are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which naturally occur in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and plants. They may occur in their free acid form or as aglycones for triterpenoid saponins, which are comprised of a triterpenoid aglycone, linked to one or more sugar moieties. Therefore UA and ONA are similar in pharmacological activity. Lately scientific research, which led to the identification of UA and ONA, revealed that several pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperlipidemic could be attributed to UA and ONA. Here, we introduced the effect of UA and ONA on acutely barrier disrupted and normal hairless mouse skin. To evaluate the effects of UA and ONA on epidermal permeability barrier recovery, both flanks of 8-12 week-old hairless mice were topically treated with either 0.01-0.1 mg/ml UA or 0.1-1 mg/ml ONA after tape stripping, and TEWL (Transepidermal water loss) was measured. The recovery rate increased in those UA or ONA treated groups (0.1 mg/ml UA and 0.5 mg/ml ONA) at 6 h more than 20% compared to vehicle treated group (p<0.05). Here, we introduced the effects of UA and ONA on acute barrier disruption and normal epidermal permeability barrier function. For verifying the effects of UA and ONA on normal epidermal barrier, hydration and TEWL were measured for 1 and 3 weeks after UA and ONA applications (2mg/ml per day). We also investigated the features of epidermis and dermis using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM). Both samples increased hydration compared to vehicle group from 1 week without TEWL alteration (p< O.005). EM examination using Ru04 and Os04 fixation revealed that secretion and numbers of lamellar bodies and complete formation of lipid bilayers were most prominent (ONA ≥ UA >Vehicle). LM finding showed that thickness of stratum corneum (SC) was slightly increased and especially epidermal thickening and flattening was observed (UA>ONA>Veh). We also observed that UA and ONA stimulate epidermal keratinocyte differentiation via PPAR a. Protein expression of involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin increased at least 2 and 3 fold in HaCaT cells treated with either ONA (10 μM) or UA (10 μM) for 24h respectively. This result suggested that the UA and ONA can improve epidermal permeability barrier function and induce the epidermal keratinocyte differentiation via PPAR a. Using Masson-trichrome and elastic fiber staining, we observed collagen thickening and elastic fiber elongation by UA and ONA treatments. In vitro results of collagen and elastin synthesis and elastase inhibitory activity measurements were also confirmed in vivo findings. These data suggested that the effects of UA and ONA related to not only epidermal permeability barrier functions but also dermal collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. Taken together, UA and ONA can be relevant candidates to improve epidermal and dermal functions and pertinent agents for cosmeseutical applications.
우솔릭산과 올레아놀산이 피부장벽과 진피에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
임석원 ( Suk Won Lim ),정성원 ( Sung Won Jung ),안성구 ( Sung Ku Ahn ),김보라 ( Bora Kim ),김인영 ( In Young Kim ),류희창 ( Hee Chang Ryoo ),이성헌 ( Seung Hun Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2004 대한화장품학회지 Vol.30 No.2
Ursolic acid (UA)와 oleanolic acid (ONA)는 pentacyclic triterpenoid 성분으로 많은 식물들과 의학, 임상용 허브 등에 존재한다. 이런 UA나 ONA는 free acid 형태로 나타나거나, 1개 이상의 당이 연결된 aglycone으로 triterpenoid 배당체(配糖體)를 구성한다. UA와 ONA는 유사한 구조를 가지며 비슷한 약리효과를 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 연구에 의하면, 항종양, 간보호, 항염증, 함암 및 항균역할을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 우리는 급성 장벽손상 및 정상 무모쥐 피부에 미치는 영항에 대한 연구를 했다. UA와 ONA의 피부장벽 회복에 대한 효과를 평가하기 위해서, 8~12주 된 무모쥐를 테이프 스트리핑 한 후, 한쪽 옆구리에 0.01~0.1 mg/mL 농도로 UA 또는 ONA를 국소도포하고 한쪽에는 vehicle만 처치하여 경표피 수분손실(TEWL)량을 측정하였다. UA (0.1 mg/mL)와 ONA (0.5 mg/mL)를 처리한 그룹의 회복률이 vehicle 처리군에 비해 테이프 스트리핑 후 6 h에서 20% 이상 증가했다(p<0.05). 또한 UA와 ONA의 급성장벽손상 회복과 함께 정상 피부장벽 기능에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 정상 피부장벽 기능에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위해, 보습력과 경표피 수분손실량을 UA와 ONA (각 2 mg/mL)를 처리한 1주째와 3주째에 측정하였고, 또한 표피와 진피의 상태를 확인하기 위해서 현미경 관찰을 실시하였다. 두 시료를 1주째부터 vehicle 도포군과 비교, 경표피 수분손실 없이 보습력을 증가시켰다(p< 0.005). 전자현미경 사진을 통해 UA와 ONA 도포에 따라 분비되는 층판소체의 증감(ONA≥UA≥vehicle)과 지질이중막 구조 이상 여부를 확인하였다 Light microscopy를 통해 각질층의 두께가 약간 증가함을 보였으며, 특히 표피두께 강화와 편평 현상이 나타났다(UA >ONA>Vehicle). 우리는 또한 UA와 ONA가 PPAR $\alpha$ 수식 이미지를 통해 표피 각질세포의 분화를 촉진함을 관찰하였다. Western blotting 실험을 통해, 표피 각질세포 분화와 관련된 involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin의 단백질 발현이 최소한 2~3배 이상 증가함을 HaCaT 세포에 UA와 ONA(각 10 μM)를 24 h 처리 후 실험 결과로 확인할 수 있었다. 이런 결과를 토대로 UA와 ONA가 장벽기능 향상뿐 아니라 PPAR α를 통한 표피 각질세포 분화를 유도함을 제시할 수 있었다. Masson-trichrome과 elastic fiber 염색법을 통해서, UA와 ONA 도포에 따른 콜라겐섬유의 비후(thickening)와 엘라스틴섬유의 신장(elongation)을 조직 사진으로 확인하였다. 시험관 시험을 통한 콜라겐 및 엘라스틴 합성실험과 엘라스틴 분해효소에 대한 저해능 평가를 통해 진피에 대한 UA와 ONA의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이런 결과들을 토대로 UA와 ONA는 피부장벽기능 유지뿐 아니라, 진피 내 콜라겐섬유와 엘라스틴섬유 합성을 촉진하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 결과로부터, UA와 ONA는 장벽기능 및 진피강화에 관여할 수 있는 기능성 화장품으로의 응용에 적절한 후보 물질로 제안할 수 있겠다. Ursolic acid (UA) and Oleanolic acid (ONA), known as urson, micromerol and malol, are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which naturally occur in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and plants. They may occur in their free acid form or as aglycones for triterpenoid saponins, which are comprised of a triterpenoid aglycone, linked to one or more sugar moieties. Therefore UA and ONA are similar in pharmacological activity. Lately scientific research, which led to the identification of UA and ONA, revealed that several pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperlipidemic could be attributed to UA and ONA. Here, we introduced the effect of UA and ONA on acutely barrier disrupted and normal hairless mouse skin. To evaluate the effects of UA and ONA on epidermal permeability barrier recovery, both flanks of 8~12 week-old hairless mice were topically treated with either 0.01~0.1 mg/mL UA or 0.1~1 mg/mL ONA after tape stripping, and TEWL (transepidermal water loss) was measured. The recovery rate increased in those UA or ONA treated groups (0.1 mg/mL UA and 0.5 mg/mL ONA) at 6h more than 20% compared to vehicle treated group (p<0.05). Here, we introduced the effects of UA and ONA on acute barrier disruption and normal epidermal permeability barrier function. For verifying the effects of UA and ONA on normal epidermal barrier, hydration and TEWL were measured for 1 and 3 weeks after UA and ONA applications (2 mg/mL per day). We also investigated the features of epidermis and dermis using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM). Both samples increased hydration compared to vehicle group from 1 week without TEWL alteration (p< 0.005). EM examination using RuO4 and OsO4 fixation revealed that secretion and numbers of lamellar bodies and complete formation of lipid bilayers were most prominent (ONA=UA >vehicle). LM finding showed that thickness of stratum corneum (SC) was slightly increased and especially epidermal thickening and flattening was observed (UA>ONA>vehicle). We also observed that UA and ONA stimulate epidermal keratinocyte differentiation via PPAR Protein expression of involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin increased at least 2 and 3 fold in HaCaT cells treated with either ONA (10 μM) or UA (10 μM) for 24 h respectively. This result suggested that the UA and ONA can improve epidermal permeability barrier function and induce the epidermal keratinocyte differentiation via PPAR Using Masson-trichrome and elastic fiber staining, we observed collagen thickening and elastic fiber elongation by UA and ONA treatments. In vitro results of collagen and elastin synthesis and elastase inhibitory activity measurements were also confirmed in vivo findings. These data suggested that the effects of UA and ONA related to not only epidermal permeability barrier functions but also dermal collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. Taken together, UA and ONA can be relevant candidates to improve epidermal and dermal functions and pertinent agents for cosmeseutical applications.
Bora Keum,Nicoli Elena,Hye-Sung Won,Seham M. Khan,Sang Hoe Koo,Han Dong-Gun,Lee Jun-Woo,BYUN Hae Cheol,You-sun Ko,Yu Ya-Nan,Ji Sang-Gyu,Kang Joon Mo,Young-Cheong Kim,Sang-Woo Park,Hyun-Suk Shim,Joo My 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.1
Background/Aims: Colonoscopic surveillance is currently recommended after polypectomy owing to the risk of newly developed colonic neoplasia. However, few studies have investigated colonoscopy surveillance in Asia. This multicenter and prospective study was undertaken to assess the incidence of advanced adenoma based on baseline adenoma findings at 3 years after colonoscopic polypectomy. Methods: A total of 1,323 patients undergoing colonoscopic polypectomy were prospectively assigned to 3-year colonoscopy surveillance at 11 tertiary endoscopic centers. Relative risks for advanced adenoma after 3 years were calculated according to baseline adenoma characteristics. Results: Among 1,323 patients enrolled, 387 patients (29.3%) were followed up, and the mean follow-up interval was 31.0±9.8 months. The percentage of patients with advanced adenoma on baseline colonoscopy was higher in the surveillance group compared to the non-surveillance group (34.4% vs. 25.7%). Advanced adenoma recurrence was observed in 17 patients (4.4%) at follow-up. The risk of advanced adenoma recurrence was 2 times greater in patients with baseline advanced adenoma than in those with baseline non-advanced adenoma, though the difference was not statistically significant (6.8% [9/133] vs. 3.1% [8/254], P =0.09). Advanced adenoma recurrence was observed only in males and in subjects aged ≥50 years. In contrast, adenoma recurrence was observed in 187 patients (48.3%) at follow-up. Male sex, older age (≥50 years), and multiple adenomas (≥3) at baseline were independent risk factors for adenoma recurrence. Conclusions: A colonoscopy surveillance interval of 3 years in patients with baseline advanced adenoma can be considered appropriate. (Intest Res 2018;16:126-133)
( Bora Mun ),( Wei Hong Wang ),( Hi Young Kim ),( Dong Yup Hahn ),( In Ho Yang ),( Dong Hwan Won ),( Eun Hee Kim ),( Ji Hye Lee ),( Chul Kyeong Han ),( Hyun Ji Kim ),( Merrick Ekins ),( Sang Jip Nam ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-
Three new sterols, 5α, 8α-epidioxy-24-norcho-lesta-6.9(11), 22-trien-3β-ol (1), 5α, 8α-epidioxy-cholesta-6.9(11), 24-trien-3β, 25-diol (3), with four known sterols (4-7) were isolated from a marine sponge Monanchora sp, Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectro-scopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 3-7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against several human carcinoma cell lines including renal (A-498), pancreatic (PANC-1 and MLA paCa-2), and colorectal (HCT 116) cancer cell lines.
Won Joo Seo,Ji Hyeon Ahn,Tae-Kyeong Lee,Bora Kim,이재철,박준하,유연호,신명철,조준휘,원무호,박윤수 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.3
Obesity has been known as an independent risk factor for stroke. Effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex of animal models of cerebral ischemia have not been studied yet. In this study, HFD-induced obesity was used to study the impact of obesity on neuronal damage/loss and microgliosis in the somatosensory cortex of a gerbil model of 5-min transient forebrain ischemia. We used gerbils fed normal diet (ND) and HFD and chronologically examined microgliosis (microglial cell activation) by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry. In addition, we examined neuronal damage or death by using neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN, a neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neuronal degeneration) histofluorescence staining. We found that ischemia-induced microgliosis in ND-fed gerbils was increased from 2 days post-ischemia; however, ischemia-mediated microgliosis in HFD-fed gerbils increased from 1 day post-ischemia and more accelerated with time than that in the ND-fed gerbils. Ischemia-induced neuronal death/loss in the somatosensory cortex in the ND-fed gerbils was apparently found at 5 days post-ischemia. However, in the HFD-fed gerbils, neuronal death/loss was shown from 2 days post-ischemia and progressively exacerbated at 5 days post-ischemia. Our findings indicate that HFD can evoke earlier microgliosis and more detrimental neuronal death/loss in the somatosensory cortex after transient ischemia than ND evokes.