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AKR2A-mediated import of chloroplast outer membrane proteins is essential for chloroplast biogenesis
Bae, Wonsil,Lee, Yong Jik,Kim, Dae Heon,Lee, Junho,Kim, Soojin,Sohn, Eun Ju,Hwang, Inhwan Nature Publishing Group 2008 Nature cell biology Vol.10 No.2
In plant cells, chloroplasts have essential roles in many biochemical reactions and physiological responses. Chloroplasts require numerous protein components, but only a fraction of these proteins are encoded by the chloroplast genome. Instead, most are encoded by the nuclear genome and imported into chloroplasts from the cytoplasm post-translationally. Membrane proteins located in the chloroplast outer envelope membrane (OEM) have a critical function in the import of proteins into the chloroplast. However, the biogenesis of chloroplast OEM proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we report that an Arabidopsis ankyrin repeat protein, AKR2A, plays an essential role in the biogenesis of the chloroplast OEM proteins. AKR2A binds to chloroplast OEM protein targeting signals, as well as to chloroplasts. It also displays chaperone activity towards chloroplast OEM proteins, and facilitates the targeting of OEP7 to chloroplasts in vitro. AKR2A RNAi in plants with an akr2b knockout background showed greatly reduced levels of chloroplast proteins, including OEM proteins, and chloroplast biogenesis was also defective. Thus, AKR2A functions as a cytosolic mediator for sorting and targeting of nascent chloroplast OEM proteins to the chloroplast.
Hyunjong, Bae,Lee, Dae-Seok,Hwang, Inhwan Oxford University Press 2006 Journal of experimental botany Vol.57 No.1
<P>One of the limiting factors in the production of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants is the low level of protein accumulation. A strategy was investigated for a high level of protein accumulation in plant cells. A fungal xylanase encoded by <I>XYLII</I> of <I>Trichoderma reesei</I> was chosen as the model protein because xylanases have a high potential for applications in environment-related technologies. Xylanase was expressed in the cytosol or targeted either to chloroplasts or peroxisomes alone, or to both organelles simultaneously. When xylanase was targeted to both chloroplasts and peroxisomes simultaneously the amount of xylanase accumulated was 160% of that in chloroplasts alone and 240% of that in peroxisomes alone although the transcript levels were similar among these constructs. The growth stage of the transgenic plants also affected the total amount of xylanase; the highest level of accumulation occurred at the time of flowering. This study provides genetic and biochemical data demonstrating that a high level of protein accumulation in transgenic plants can be obtained by targeting a protein to both chloroplasts and peroxisomes at the same time.</P>
배명남(MyungNam Bae),최병철(ByeongCheol Choi),이병복(ByungBok Lee),이인환(InHwan Lee) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.18 No.1
무선 센서 네트워크는 센싱 장치와 계산 및 무선 통신 기능을 갖는 다수의 소형 센서노드들로 구성된다. 전송 데이터나 무선 범위에 따라 다르지만, 일반적으로 센서노드는 기존 1차전지 기반의 충분하지 않은 에너지 제공으로 제한된 역할만을 수행할 수 있다. 이는 센서 네트워크에서 해결해야 할 중요한 이슈 중에 하나이다. 현재, 센서 네트워크 분야에서, 태양에 의한 에너지 생성은 이러한 에너지 부족 문제를 보완할 수 있는 가장 적절할 방법으로 알려져 있다. 태양 에너지는 주기적이고 반복적으로 제공될 수 있어, 센서노드가 오랜 시간 동안 생존할 수 있도록 하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 에너지 소모율 대비 최대 전송 효율을 제공하는 자가충전 센서노드 하드웨어의 개발에 대해 기술하였다. 또한, 제안된 센서노드는 태양 및 2차전지에 대해 여러 단계화된 상태 제어가 요구되는 에너지 지향 응용에 쉽게 적응할 수 있다. 추가로, 실험을 통해 유휴 에너지를 사용하는 고출력의 센서 응용에서, 활성화/수면 비율은 전송 데이터의 길이에 비해 보다 중요하게 고려되어야 함을 알 수 있다. Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of small sensor nodes equipped with sensing devices, computing power and radio communication capabilities. It depends on the transmission data and radio range, but usually the sensor nodes can be able to perform only the restricted role because they are not prepared well enough for the existing battery source. This is one of the major issues to solve in sensor networks. Today, it is known as the most proper technology that the energy harvesting from the sun can complement the shortage of energy in wireless sensor network. The solar energy makes the sensor nodes work for a long time because it is offered in the outdoor everyday and repeatedly. In this paper, we describe a self-charging wireless sensor node that gives the highest transmission rate as a percentage of consumption by utilizing the solar energy. Also, this sensor node can easily adapt in an energy-oriented application context that is needed the various stepped control, depending on the residual energy of the solar and 2nd battery. Additionally, in the applications with the high power to effectively utilize the wasted energy, we can verify that the active/sleep ratio is more important than the length of payload through our experiments.
심종성,배인환 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1998 工學技術論文集 Vol.7 No.1
본 논문의 목적은 강판으로 보강된 철근콘크리트보의 주요 파괴모드인 단부박리에 의한 부재의 파괴를 규명하고, 단부박리하중을 제안하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 변수에 따른 보강시험체의 비선형 FEM 결과를 일반적인 보 이론에 적용하여 단부박리 하중식을 제안하였으며, 제안된 식은 실험결과와 기존의 박리하중식과 비교하였다. 제안된 단부박리 하중식에 의해 예측한 박리하중은 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 기존 식에 비해 강판 보강두께에 따른 영향을 잘 예측하였다. The steel-plate strengthening for improving serviceability and stiffness of RC structures has been widely used. However, the analyses and design methodologies for plate strengthening of RC structures are not well established yet because the structural behavior of plated RC beams is more complex than that of unplated ones. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to analyze the debonding mechanisms and to suggest a reasonable method for the calculation of rip-off strength of RC beams strengthened with steel plate. For predicting the rip-off strength of plated RC beams, nonlinear finite element method and conventional beam theory are used. And a reasonably close agreement between the experimental results and the prediction is obtained.
배광민(Gwangmin Bae),김정우(Jeongwoo Kim),서인환(Inhwan Seo),박창규(Changkyu Park),곽필봉(Pilbong Gwak) 대한토목학회 2018 대한토목학회지 Vol.66 No.2
인도 참발강 사장교는 총길이 700m, 주경간이 350m인 1면 2주탑 콘크리트 사장교로서 2017년 8월 29일 개통되었다. 주경간은 Keysegment 포함 총 99개의 Segment로 Form Traveler를 이용한 현장타설 FCM 공법으로 시공되었고, Key-segment 부근을 제외한 각 Segment의 길이는 3.5m이다. 케이블은 주탑당 20 세트(주경간 20EA, 측경간 20EA)이고 주경간 선형 관리는 설계사인 SYSTRA와 현장설계팀이 협조하여 수행하였다. 본고에서는 참발강 사장교 주경간의 선형 관리에 대하여 자세히 소개하고자 한다.
도심 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 LOS 기반 경로손실 측정과 분석
배명남(MyungNam Bae),강진아(JinA Kang),남상관(SangKwan Nam),이병복(ByungBok Lee),최병철(ByeongCheol Choi),이인환(InHwan Lee) 한국정보과학회 2011 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.38 No.5
본 논문은 도심 도로에서 line of sight(LOS) 전파 과정의 경로손실을 모델링하기 위해, 경기도 고양시 일산 주변에서 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 무선 채널을 측정하고 분석한 결과를 기술한다. 우리는 도로에 대해 전형적인 경로손실 관계로 PL(dB) = 10 · α · log10(r) + L을 활용하였다. 여기에서, α는 무선 채널에 영향을 미치는 주변 건물을 고려한 경로손실감쇄 지수, r은 도로에서 송수신 거리, 그리고 L 은 동적 환경 요인에 따른 추가 손실이다. 측정을 통해 2.5≤α≤3.7과 환경 요인에 따라 범위를 갖는 L 을 관측할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 결과는 도심 도로에서 경로손실을 잘 표현할 수 있으며 현재 진행되고 있는 도시 지능화를 위한 무선 센서 네트워크의 설계 및 배치 등의 분야에 활용할 수 있다. In this paper, to model the path-loss characteristics in urban line-of-sight(LOS) propagation, we performed measurements in Ilsan City at frequency 2.4GHz and IEEE 802.15.4. Although path-loss variance for any street was exist, measurements yielded a typical path-loss, PL(dB) = 10 · α · log10(r) + L, where α?is the street-dependent path-loss coefficient, r is the street length between transceiver and receiver, and L is the additional loss incurred at streets. Path-loss coefficient, derived from a building density over street length on either side, was measured a variation of 2.5≤α≤3.7 in Ilsan City. And, the additional loss L is cause by obstacles that would appear in an actual urban environment such as vehicular traffic, and so on. Our experiments will be useful for the estimation of shadowing area appear in urban environments, and motivate its potential to efficient placement strategies for urban coverage.
Kim Jisook,Bae Inhwan,Song Jiyoung,Kim Younghoon,Ahn Younggil,Park Hyun‐Ju,Kim Ha Hyung,Kim Dae Kyong 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.6
Apoptosis inhibitor (IAP) proteins are overexpressed in many cancers and implicated in tumor growth, so the development of antagonist that disrupts with the binding of IAP to their partner protein is a promising therapeutic strategy. In an effort to increase cellular activity and improve favorable drug-like properties, we newly designed and synthesized monovalent analogues based on imidazopyrazinone structure of 9. Optimization of cellular potency led to the identification of 17, which showed increase of submicromolar activity (GI50 = 234 nM) and caspase-3 activation (6.3-fold) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. These findings clearly show the potential for 17 as a promising monovalent antagonist for the development of an effective anticancer treatment.