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Ameer, Kashif,Chun, Byung-Soo,Kwon, Joong-Ho Elsevier 2017 Industrial crops and products Vol.109 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Stevia leaves include natural, non-caloric sweetening compounds known as steviol glycosides (SGs)–mainly stevioside (ST) and rebaudioside-A (Reb-A). Along with sweetness, stevia generates interest because of its dietetic and therapeutic significance related to the presence of other bioactive compounds in its leaves, such as phenolics, which in association with SGs may contribute to human health by exerting anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, anticarries, chemopreventive, insulinotropic and diuretic properties. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were compared in terms of their estimation capabilities for building effective models with maximum response values. A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process was optimized by employing a 5-level-3-factor central composite design to achieve maximum target response values for total extract yield, ST yield, Reb-A yield and total phenolic content of 15.85%, 95.76mg/g, 62.95mg/g and 25.76mg GAE/g, respectively. The optimized SFE parameters included a modifier concentration of 40%, an extraction temperature of 45°C, and a pressure of 225bar. The ANN model proved an attractive alternative to RSM owing to its improved estimation and predictive capabilities. SFE yielded higher target response values than conventional maceration extraction (24h) and was a faster, lower energy, and greener extraction method with reduced CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions and lower solvent consumption.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Stevia leaves consist of bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits. </LI> <LI> Supercritical fluid extraction was optimized for target responses. </LI> <LI> Response surface methodology and artificial neural network modeling were compared. </LI> <LI> Artificial neural network modeling proved to be superior. </LI> <LI> Supercritical fluid extraction was more efficient with less resource consumption. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ameer, Nasir Hussin,Lee, Jae-Hee,Choi, Myoung-Ae,Jin, Guang-Shi,Kim, Min-Sun,Park, Byung-Rim The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.3
This study was performed to investigate the role of glutamate neurotransmitter system on gastrointestinal motility in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded by surgical operation, and intestinal transit and geometric center as a parameter of gastrointestinal motility and expression of c-Fos protein in the insular cortex and cingulate cortex were measured at 2 and 12 h after MCAO. Intestinal transit was $66.3{\pm}7.5%$ and $62.3{\pm}5.7%$ 2 and 12 h after sham operation, respectively, and MCAO significantly decreased intestinal transit to $39.0{\pm}3.5%$ and $47.0{\pm}5.1%$ at 2 and 12 h after the occlusion, respectively (p<0.01). The geometric center was $5.6{\pm}0.4$ and $5.2{\pm}0.9$ at 2 and 12 h after sham operation, respectively, and MCAO significantly decreased geometric center to $2.9{\pm}0.8$ and $3.0{\pm}0.3$ at 2 and 12 h after the occlusion, respectively (p<0.01). In control animals, injection of atropine decreased intestinal transit to $35.9{\pm}5.2%$, and injection of glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, decreased intestinal transit to $28.8{\pm}9.5%$. Pretreatment with MK-801, a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, in the MCAO group decreased intestinal transit to $11.8{\pm}3.2%$, which was significantly decreased compared to MCAO group (p<0.01). MCAO markedly increased the expression of c-Fos protein in the insular cortex and cingulate cortex ipsilateral to the occlusion 2 h after MCAO, and pretreatment with MK-801 produced marked reduction of c-Fos protein expression compared to MCAO group (p<0.01). These results suggest that modulation of gastrointestinal motility after MCAO might be partially mediated through a glutamate NMDA receptor system.
Fabrication of Co-Doped ZnO Nanorods for Spintronic Devices
Ameer Azam,Faheem Ahmed,Sami S. Habib,Zishan H. Khan,Numan A. Salah 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.4
Herein, single-crystalline Zn1-xCoxO (0.0≤x≤0.10) nanorods were prepared using a facile microwave irradiation method. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the incorporation of Co2+ in the lattice position of Zn2+ ions into the ZnO matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and TEM micrographs revealed that the length and diameter of the undoped ZnO nanorods were about ~2 μm and ~200 nm, respectively. For Co-doped ZnO, the length and diameter were found to increase with an increase of Co doping. The selected area electron diffraction pattern indicated that the Zn1-xCoxO (0.0≤x≤0.10) nanorods had a single phase nature with the preferential growth direction along the [0 0 1] plane. Raman scattering spectra confirmed the shift of the E2high mode toward a lower wave number, suggested successful doping of Co ions at Zn site into the ZnO. Magnetic studies showed that Co doped ZnO nanorods exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism and the magnetization value increased with an increase in Co doping. The synthesis method presented here is a simple approach to prepare ZnO based diluted magnetic semiconductors nanostructures for practical application to spintronic devices.
Loranthus ferrugineus: a Mistletoe from Traditional Uses to Laboratory Bench
Ameer, Omar Z.,Salman, Ibrahim M.,Quek, Ko Jin,Asmawi, Mohd. Z. KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.1
Objectives: Loranthus ferrugineus (L. ferrugineus) from Loranthaceae, a mistletoe, is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments. Traditionally, decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure (BP) and gastrointestinal complaints; usage which is supported by experimental based pharmacological investigations. Nonetheless, there is still limited data available evaluating this plant's traditions, and few studies have been scientifically translated toward evidence based phytomedicine. We therefore provide a concise review of the currently available L. ferrugineus literature and discuss potential directions for future areas of investigation. Methods: We surveyed available literature covering ethnopharmacological usage of L. ferrugineus and discussed relevant findings, including important future directions and shortcomings for the medicinal values of this parasitic shrub. Results: Evidence based pharmacological approaches significantly covered the medicinal application of L. ferrugineus for hypertension and gastrointestinal complaint management, with a particular focus on the active hydrophilic extract of this herb. Conclusion: Understanding the sites of action of this plant and its beneficial effects will provide justification for its use in old traditional treatments, and potentially lead to the development of therapies. Other medicinal applicative areas of this parasitic shrub, such as wound healing, gerontological effects, and antiviral and anticancer activities, are yet to be researched.
Ameer Biadsee,Ofir Rosner,Carol Khalil,Vanina Atanasova,Joel Blushtein,Shifra Levartovsky 대한치과교정학회 2023 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.53 No.1
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to three-dimensionally (3D)-printed materials after various surface treatments and artificial aging compared with that bonded to computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-milled materials. Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens were 3D printed and divided into the following four subgroups (n = 20 each) according to the surface treatment and artificial aging procedure. Group A, sandblasted with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles (SA) and aging; group B, sandblasted with 30 μm silica-coated alumina particles (CO) and aging; group C, SA without aging; and group D, CO without aging. For the control group, 20 CAD-CAM PMMA-milled cylindrical specimens were sandblasted with SA and aged. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine (0.25 mm/min), examined at ×2.5 magnification for failure mode classification, and statistically analyzed (p = 0.05). Results: The retention obtained with the 3D-printed materials (groups A–D) was higher than that obtained with the PMMA-milled materials (control group). However, no significant difference was found between the study and control groups, except for group C (SA without aging), which showed significantly higher retention than the control group (PMMA-SA and thermocycling) (p = 0.037). Study groups A–D predominantly exhibited a cohesive specimen mode, indicating specimen fracture. Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets bonded to 3D-printed materials exhibit acceptable bonding strengths. However, 3D-printed materials are prone to cohesive failure, which may result in crown fractures.