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인지언어학과 수사학의 융합을 통해 본 속담텍스트의 ‘시간 개념화’ 양상
이아라(Lee, Ahra) 한국수사학회 2013 수사학 Vol.0 No.18
From Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistics is returning to human body, flesh and living itself. The principle of Cognitive Linguistics is that cognition emerges from human’s flesh and living, namely experience; those cognitions are accumulated to produce meaning, namely conception; they are put into language, expand to metaphor; by the languages and conception humans live. In a way figurative language reflects conceptual structure. However, the major concerns of cognitive linguistics and rhetorical study of the core issues closely touch since the context in which any meaning occurs, is categorized, is expressed in language is rhetorical context. This is the starting point of this study. Without passing through the lens of rhetoric which is constantly conscious of the concreteness of life and the essential conditions of language activities (including speech act), there are limits to capture vivid context for the emergence of the core concepts of Cognitive Linguistics as cognition, concept, metaphor, language, specifically in the lives of human beings. For example, although George Lakoff’s attempts to generalize human cognition by capturing conceptual metaphors in the form of specific language has brought the great progress, we can raise doubts about the ’the narrowness of conceptual metaphor’, ‘a fixations on the specific form of language’ and ‘the tendency of generalize or reduce them’. On the other hand, when viewed from the perspective of Rhetorical Study, It is worth noting that not by the innovation in Rhetorical Study but the innovation in the field of Linguistics broke the long perspective of ‘General Rhetoric’ which has regarded metaphors as linguistic deviant. This article attempts and seeks the organic combination of Cognitive Linguistics and Rhetorical Study. It will pay attention to the methodology of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and to expand the methodological and cognitive narrowness by applying Rhetorical point of view. When we attempt to turn Cognitive Linguistic observation about the ‘conception’ into a Rhetorical observation, ‘Proverbs’ can be one of the best text showing the passage very well. Proverb can be redefined as “the text with the effective rhetorical format which represents collective cognition accumulated in a language and culture community over a long period of time”. Proverbs are the collective wisdom accumulated in community in cognitive aspects and in rhetorical aspects. Proverbs are commonly used by anyone. Everyone can be the subject of Proverbs. Proverbs are available to all. I analyzed how Korean people conceptualizes time through Korean Proverbs. The result shows that our conception of time occurs, maintains and changes(transfers) depending on various phases and contexts humans have encountered. Rhetorical challenge situations occur in them. I extracted the 5 conceptions of time of the high frequency; categorized as follows. 1. Time as Accumulation 2. Time as Convergence 3. Time as Stage 4. Time as Elapse 5. Time as Regression These 5 conceptions and modalities continue to exchange. The validity of the conception of time depends on relationships with others, on the phase and context of external situation. A person’s conception of time continues to adjust and replace because one’s conception of time and others’ conception of time meet, merge, strengthen, band together or strike, conflict, crash; and one’s conception of time and external circumstances cross.
1.5 V Sub-mW CMOS Interface Circuit for Capacitive Sensor Applications in Ubiquitous Sensor Networks
Sungsik Lee,Ahra Lee,Chang-Han Je,Myung-Lae Lee,Gunn Hwang,Chang-Auck Choi 한국전자통신연구원 2008 ETRI Journal Vol.30 No.5
In this paper, a low-power CMOS interface circuit is designed and demonstrated for capacitive sensor applications, which is implemented using a standard 0.35-μm CMOS logic technology. To achieve low-power performance, the low-voltage capacitance-to-pulse-width converter based on a self-reset operation at a supply voltage of 1.5 V is designed and incorporated into a new interface circuit. Moreover, the external pulse signal for the reset operation is made unnecessary by the employment of the self-reset operation. At a low supply voltage of 1.5 V, the new circuit requires a total power consumption of 0.47 mW with ultra-low power dissipation of 157 μW of the interfacecircuit core. These results demonstrate that the new interface circuit with self-reset operation successfully reduces power consumption. In addition, a prototype wireless sensor-module with the proposed circuit is successfully implemented for practical applications. Consequently, the new CMOS interface circuit can be used for the sensor applications in ubiquitous sensor networks, where low-power performance is essential.
보드게임 참여가 아동의 자아존중감과 행복감에 미치는 영향
이아라(Lee, Ahra),박세혁(Park, Se-Hyuk),김선정(Kim, Sun-Jung) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2020 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.44 No.1
The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of board games on self-esteem and happiness for children who enjoy them for their leisure. By using convenience sampling method, children were drawn from elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea (n=314). The experimental group (n=157) was recruited from after school board game programs, and the control group was composed of general students who had not engaged in board games (n=157). Regression analyses and t-test were conducted to identify the relationships among study variables. First, children who participated in board games demonstrated higher level of perceived happiness than their counterparts. Second, children who participated in board games demonstrated higher level of perceived self-esteem than their counterparts. Finally, regression analysis showed that self-esteem significantly contribute to the prediction of happiness. Future research implications and limitations of this study were further discussed.
Kim, Na Young,Jeon, Hwi Seong,Lee, Myoung-Hoon,Cha, Ahra,Lee, Dong Sook,Lee, Hye-Jung,Kim, Hye Gi,Lee, Hyoshin,Choi, Young-Im,Park, Ohkmae K. Elsevier 2018 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.109 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An <I>Arabidopsis</I> small G protein, RabG3b, has been previously characterized as a positive regulator of xylem development in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. Transgenic poplars overexpressing a constitutively active form of RabG3b (RabG3bCA) were developed, and their performance as potential biomass crops was evaluated in the field in Suwon, Korea (37°26′N, 126°98′E) from May to October 2016. RabG3bCA transgenic poplars showed increased stem growth and produced 3–4 times greater dry biomass than hybrid control poplars. Fiber length and diameter were also increased by 15–26% and 28–38%, respectively. Transgenic poplars were analyzed for enzymatic digestibility and biofuel production after chemical pretreatments. Glucose and ethanol yields were higher in pretreated transgenic poplars than hybrid control, and the pretreatment effectiveness of sodium hydroxide was better than that of the other chemicals. We propose that RabG3bCA can add value to the development of biomass crops.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biomass traits of RabG3bCA transgenic poplars in the greenhouse recurred in the field. </LI> <LI> RabG3bCA overexpression improved xylem development, and as a result, wood traits. </LI> <LI> Glucose and ethanol yields were increased in RabG3bCA transgenic poplars. </LI> <LI> RabG3bCA transgenic poplars have value as a biomass resource in the wood industry. </LI> </UL> </P>
차량용 고 분해능 디지털 MEMS 가속도센서 시스템 IC 개발
유광호(Kwangho Yoo),고형호(Hyoungho Ko),이아라(Ahra Lee),임재상(Jaesang Lim),이상윤(Sang-Yoon Lee),정덕균(Deog-Kyoon Jeong),박민하(Minha Park),장현수(Hyunsu Jang),이정표(Jeongpyo Lee),조동일(Dong-il Dan Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.- No.-
This paper presents design, fabrication and measurement of a high resolution digital microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer system IC. This system IC consists of a MEMS sensing element and a high resolution digital readout circuit. The MEMS sensing element is fabricated using the sacrificial/bulk micromachining (SBM) process. In order to protect the sensing element from environmental changes, wafer level hermetic packaging(WLHP) process is performed. The developed readout circuit offers 32-bit resolution using an 1-bit, 4th-order ΣΔ modulator and a digital decimator/demodulator. The proposed system IC provides a 128-㎐, 32-bit digital output with ±5g dynamic range, 0.52% nonlinearity, and 1.6*10? count/g scale factor.
Cho, Sung-Yup,Han, Jee Yun,Na, Deukchae,Kang, Wonyoung,Lee, Ahra,Kim, Jooyoung,Lee, Jieun,Min, Seoyeon,Kang, Jinjoo,Chae, Jeesoo,Kim, Jong-Il,Park, Hansoo,Lee, Won-Suk,Lee, Charles American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Molecular cancer therapeutics Vol.16 No.10
<P>Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and exhibits heterogeneous characteristics in terms of genomic alterations, expression signature, and drug responsiveness. Although there have been considerable efforts to classify this disease based on high-throughput sequencing techniques, targeted treatments for specific subgroups have been limited. KRAS and BRAF mutations are prevalent genetic alterations in colorectal cancers, and patients with mutations in either of these genes have a worse prognosis and are resistant to anti-EGFR treatments. In this study, we have found that a subgroup of colorectal cancers, defined by having either KRAS or BRAF (KRAS/BRAF) mutations and BCL2L1 (encoding BCLXL) amplification, can be effectively targeted by simultaneous inhibition of BCL-XL (with ABT-263) and MCL1 (with YM155). This combination treatment of ABT-263 and YM-155 was shown to have a synergistic effect in vitro as well as in in vivo patient-derived xenograft models. Our data suggest that combined inhibition of BCL-XL and MCL1 provides a promising treatment strategy for this genomically defined colorectal cancer subgroup. (C) 2017 AACR.</P>
Cho, Sung-Yup,Chae, Jeesoo,Na, Deukchae,Kang, Wonyoung,Lee, Ahra,Min, Seoyeon,Kang, Jinjoo,Choi, Boram,Lee, Jieun,Sung, Chang Ohk,Chuang, Jeffrey H.,Lee, Charles,Lee, Won-Suk,Park, Hansoo,Kim, Jong-Il American Association for Cancer Research 2019 Clinical Cancer Research Vol.25 No.9
<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>Genomic and transcriptomic alterations during metastasis are considered to affect clinical outcome of colorectal cancers, but detailed clinical implications of metastatic alterations are not fully uncovered. We aimed to investigate the effect of metastatic evolution on <I>in vivo</I> treatment outcome, and identify genomic and transcriptomic alterations associated with drug responsiveness.</P><P><B>Experimental Design:</B></P><P>We developed and analyzed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from 35 patients with colorectal cancer including 5 patients with multiple organ metastases (MOMs). We performed whole-exome, DNA methylation, and RNA sequencing for patient and PDX tumors. With samples from patients with MOMs, we conducted phylogenetic and subclonal analysis and <I>in vivo</I> drug efficacy test on the corresponding PDX models.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Phylogenetic analysis using mutation, expression, and DNA methylation data in patients with MOMs showed that mutational alterations were closely connected with transcriptomic and epigenomic changes during the tumor evolution. Subclonal analysis revealed that initial primary tumors with larger number of subclones exhibited more dynamic changes in subclonal architecture according to metastasis, and loco-regional and distant metastases occurred in a parallel or independent fashion. The PDX models from MOMs demonstrated therapeutic heterogeneity for targeted treatment, due to subclonal acquisition of additional mutations or transcriptomic activation of bypass signaling pathway during tumor evolution.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>This study demonstrated <I>in vivo</I> therapeutic heterogeneity of colorectal cancers using PDX models, and suggests that acquired subclonal alterations in mutations or gene expression profiles during tumor metastatic processes can be associated with the development of drug resistance and therapeutic heterogeneity of colorectal cancers.</P>