Genetic Variation of Esterase Isozrymes of Larval Haemolymph in Relation to Geographical Origin in the Silkworm, (Bombyx mori)

Abid Ali Khan,Moon Jae Yu,Lee,Sang Mong 서울大學校 農科大學 1988 서울대농학연구지 Vol.13 No.1

공시잠품종으로서 96품종중 일본종계 30, 중국종계 33, 유럽종계 24, 열대종계 9품종을 사용하여 계통별 잠품종간의 esterase isozyme의 전기영동적 이동도에 따라 유전적 변이 및 zymogram pattern으로 원산지별 잠품종의 유전적 상호관계를 알기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 96품종의 누에체액의 esterase isozyme를 전기영동적 이동도에 따라 Est 1, Est 2, Est 3, Est 4, Est 5, Est 6, Est 7으로서 모두 7개의 양극으로 이동되는 isozyme을 검출하였다. 2. 원산지 게통별 esterase isozyme의 활성대수는 평균 2∼5개였다. 3. 7종의 esterase band는 그 표현형에 따라 10개의 symogram Pattern(T1-T10)으로 분류되었다. 4. 검출된 esterase isozyme의 대부분은 그 이동도에 따라 느린 부분, 중간부분, 빠른부분의 3부분으로 나누어졌다. 5. 모든 품종에서 공통적으로 검출된 esterase isozyme은 Est 2, Est 6, Est 7이었다. 6. 일본종에만 특이적으로 검출된 esterase는 Est 3이었다. 7. 각각의 esterase band는 이동도가 서로 달랐으나, 일본종 및 중국종에 있어서는 일본종의 Est 3를 제외하고는 서로 비슷한 변이를 보였다. 8. Est 1,Est 2, Est 3, Est 4, Est 5, Est 6,Est7의 계통별 출현 빈도는 일본종계 : 0%, 100%, 33%, 56.6%, 96.6%, 10%, 96.6% 중국종계 : 6.1%, 100%, 0%, 27.3%, 97%, 33.3%, 100% 유럽종계 : 4.2%, 95.8%, 0%, 29.2%, 95.8%, 8.3%, 100% 열대종계 : 0%, 100%, %, 0%, 0%, 100%, 100%였다. 9. 열대종계의 모든 품종은 다같이 Est 2, Est 6, Est 7 등 3개의 band를 공통적으로 가지고 있었다. 10. 모든 계통의 품종당 esterase isozyme의 band수는 2, 3, 4, 5개로서 그 빈도는 일본종계가 0%, 3.3%, 20%, 66.6%, 0%, 0%, 중국종계가 3%, 30.3%, 63.6%, 3%이었고 유럽종계는 3개 및 4개의 band가 각각 50%, 열대종계는 모든 품종 다같이 3개의 band가 100%이었다. 11. 日本種系의 表現型 T9와 中國種系의 T6은 가장 적은 수의 band를 가지고 있었고, 日本種에 만 特異的으로 存在하는 表現型은 T3으로서 3개의 band를 가지고 있었다. 12. 일본종계 및 중국종계가 다른 계통들 보다 esterase isozyme 변이가 심하여 유전적 다양성을 보였으며 중국종계가 일본종계보다 넓은 변이를 보임으로 유전변이의 중심은 중국종이라 생각된다.

In-vitro assessment of food consumption, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.), on okra crop

Ahmad Nawaz,Habib Ali,Muhammad Sufyan,Muhammad Dildar Gogi,Muhammad Jalal Arif,Abid Ali,Muhammad Qasim,Waqar Islam,Noman Ali,Imran Bodla,Madiha Zaynab,Khalid Ali Khan,Hamed A. Ghramh 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1

The lepidopteran insect pests have significant importance in vegetable production. The present study was performed to investigate the baseline studies about the assessment of feeding and consumption potential, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Okra. The data regarding feeding potential, food utilization and consumption indices as well as losses of different larval instars were recorded and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the beginning, the approximate digestibility of various instars was increase, e.g. third instar (51.36%–64.03%), fourth instar (63.42%–69.45%) and fifth instar (70.25%–76.10%). However, after a certain period, the digestibility was decreased and efficiency to convert the ingested food into biomass varied significantly. The consumption index values increased with an increase in time but the consumption and growth rate was declined of fourth instar larvae. The ingestion and digestion increased of third (10.01–13.06, 8.32–11.91 mg), fourth (11.27–17.28, 10.96–14.03 mg) and fifth (12.60–19.40, 11.93–15.28 mg) larval instars. The corrected weight of consumed leaves increased with a gain in body weight. However, in the third instar, a decline was observed on the last day of feeding. Maximum leaf area was consumed by fifth instar larvae (44.66 cm 2 ) followed by fourth (35.41 cm 2 ) and third (27.98 cm 2 ) instars. In conclusion, all the dependent parameters, including food utilization potential, consumption indices and losses were higher for fifth instar larvae than others. These results emphasized the re-establishment of fundamental (economic threshold level: ETL, economic injury level: EIL) integrated pest management concepts.

Lithium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain

Khan, M.S.,Ali, T.,Abid, M.N.,Jo, M.H.,Khan, A.,Kim, M.W.,Yoon, G.H.,Cheon, E.W.,Rehman, S.U.,Kim, M.O. Pergamon Press 2017 Neurochemistry International Vol.108 No.-

Lithium an effective mood stabilizer, primary used in the treatment of bipolar disorders, has been reported as a protective agent in various neurological disorders. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective role of lithium chloride (LiCl) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain. We determined that LiCl -attenuated LPS-induced activated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling and significantly reduced the nuclear factor-<SUB>k</SUB>B (NF-<SUB>K</SUB>B) translation factor and various other inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We also analyzed that LiCl significantly abrogated activated gliosis via attenuation of specific markers for activated microglia, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba-1) and astrocytes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in both the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain. Furthermore, we also observed that LiCl treatment significantly ameliorated the increase expression level of apoptotic neurodegeneration protein markers Bax/Bcl2, activated caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the LPS-treated adult rat brain. In addition, the morphological results of the fluoro-jade B (FJB) and Nissl staining showed that LiCl attenuated the neuronal degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the LPS-treated adult rat brain. Taken together, our Western blot and morphological results indicated that LiCl significantly prevents the LPS-induced neurotoxicity via attenuation of neuroinflammation and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus of the adult rat brain.

Arsenic(V) biosorption by charred orange peel in aqueous environments

Abid, Muhammad,Niazi, Nabeel Khan,Bibi, Irshad,Farooqi, Abida,Ok, Yong Sik,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Ali, Fawad,Ali, Shafaqat,Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani,Arshad, Muhammad Taylor Francis 2016 International journal of phytoremediation Vol.18 No.5

Salicylic acid and kinetin mediated stimulation of salt tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genotypes varying in salinity tolerance

Ali Raza Gurmani,Sami Ullah Khan,Amjad Ali,Tehseen Rubab,Timothy Schwinghamer,Ghulam Jilani,Abid Farid,Jinlin Zhang 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.4

Greenhouse studies were undertaken to evaluate the genetic performance of two cucumber genotypes (Long Green and Summer Green) at four salinity levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM NaCl). Seeds were pretreated with 50 mg salicylic acid (SA) L−1 and 25 mg kinetin (Kin) L−1. Under hydroponic conditions, seed pretreatment with Kin significantly increased shoot and root dry biomass and reduced the salt injury index in both genotypes. SA reduced the salt injury index of Long Green cucumbers. In a pot experiment, Kin treatment reduced Na+ and increased K+ concentration, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content in both genotypes, compared to SA under saline soil conditions. Kin treatment improved fruit yield in both genotypes, while SA had a statistically significant effect on Long Green fruit yield. The application of SA and Kin enhanced salinity tolerance in both genotypes by the activation of antioxidants, especially superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, which offset oxidative injury. Summer Green exhibited better salt tolerance and improved osmoregulation that resulted in higher fruit yield than Long Green. It was concluded that cucumber genotypes differed in salt tolerance, and seed pre-treatment with Kin minimized salt stress injury, even in sensitive genotype which could sustain crop production under saline conditions.

Multi-aging Effects on Vegetable Based Oils for Transformer Insulation in HV Systems

Khan Irfanullah,Abid Muhammad Ahtasham,Ullah Kaleem,Ullah Zahid,Haider Aun,Ahmad Farhan Ammar,Zia Zain,Ali Sahibzada Muhammad 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

Liquid insulation media is used for insulation and cooling purpose inside the transformer. Currently, transformers are using petroleum based mineral oil, which poses a serious hazardous environmental impact, since the mineral oil is non-renewable and non-biodegradable. Although, the increased cost and depleting nature of mineral oil cause an emergent need to use suitable alternatives to mineral oils that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. In response to this resource issue, various vegetable oils, namely Sunfl ower oil, Soya bean oil, and a blend of Sunfl ower and Olive (BSO) oil are suitable alternatives for transformer insulation in high voltage systems. The afore-mentioned vegetable oils are subjected to multi-aging and comparative analysis is performed with mineral oil. Further, the dielectric and thermal properties of vegetable oils are tested before and after aging. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, water content, breakdown voltage, viscosity, fl ash point, tan delta, and pour point tests are performed on vegetable oils before and after aging. Finally, a comparative analysis of vegetable oils with mineral oil is provided to prove the effi cacy of the proposed vegetable oils. The BSO oil resulted in higher breakdown strength and good thermal behavior when subjected to the abovementioned various diagnostic measurement tests in comparison to other oils

Nitric oxide alleviates lead toxicity by inhibiting lead translocation and regulating root growth in watermelon seedlings

Jehanzeb Khan,Guy Kateta Malangisha,Abid Ali,Ahmed Mahmoud,Jinghua Yang,Mingfang Zhang,Zhongyuan Hu 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.5

Lead (Pb) is one of the most abundant toxic heavy metals, which have a serious impact on the growth and yield of crop plants. Nitric oxide (NO) is a natural signaling molecule that regulates the growth and productivity of plants. Here, exogenous NOwas found to enhance Pb tolerance in watermelon, which resulted in more Pb restriction in roots and less up-translocatedPb to aerial parts. Pb stress, however, led to an increase in shoot dry weight, root biomass, root relative water content, leafmalondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the total soluble protein content in leaves and roots. By contrast, shoot height andfresh weight, leaf biomass, and root MDA content were decreased under Pb stress. NO treatments alleviated Pb toxicity bydecreasing Pb translocation, enhancing root growth (elongation and biomass), inducing antioxidant enzymes activities, andreducing root MDA contents in watermelon seedlings. In conclusion, our results provide useful insights into the mechanismof Pb tolerance in cucurbit crops and information for the cultivation management of watermelon in the presence of thisheavy metal (Pb).

Adiponectin homolog novel osmotin protects obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD by upregulating AdipoRs/PPARα signaling in <i>ob/ob</i> and <i>db/db</i> transgenic mouse models

Ahmad, Ashfaq,Ali, Tahir,Kim, Min Woo,Khan, Amjad,Jo, Myeung Hoon,Rehman, Shafiq Ur,Khan, Muhammad Sohail,Abid, Noman Bin,Khan, Mehtab,Ullah, Rahat,Jo, Min Gi,Kim, Myeong Ok Elsevier 2019 clinical and experimental Vol.90 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>In metabolic disorders, adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/R2) signaling has a key role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obesity-associated diabetes.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To the best of our knowledge, here, we reported for the first time the underlying mechanistic therapeutic efficacy of the novel osmotin, a homolog of mammalian adiponectin, against NAFLD in leptin-deficient <I>ob/ob</I> and <I>db/db</I> mice.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The <I>ob/ob</I> and <I>db/db</I> mice were treated with osmotin at a dose of 5 μg/g three times a week for two weeks. To co-relate the <I>in vivo</I> results we used the human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells, subjected to knockdown with small siRNAs of AdipoR1/R2 and PPARα genes and treated with osmotin and palmitic acid (P.A.). MTT assay, Western blotting, immunohistofluorescence assays, and plasma biochemical analyses were applied.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Osmotin stimulated AdipoR1/R2 and its downstream APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways in <I>ob/ob</I> and <I>db/db</I> mice, and HepG2 cells exposed to P.A. Mechanistically, we confirmed that knockdown of AdipoR1/R2 and PPARα by their respective siRNAs abolished the osmotin activity in HepG2 cells exposed to P.A. Overall, the <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> results suggested that osmotin protected against NAFLD through activation of AdipoR1/R2 and its downstream APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways as shown by the reduced body weight, blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, improved glucose tolerance, attenuated insulin resistance and hepatic glucogenesis, regulated serum lipid parameters, and increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial functions.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Our findings strongly suggest that novel osmotin might be a potential novel therapeutic tool against obesity/diabetes-induced NAFLD and other metabolic disorders.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Osmotin <I>via</I> AdipoRs dependently reduced palmitic acid-induced toxicity <I>in vitro</I>. </LI> <LI> Osmotin regulated AdipoRs/APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways in <I>ob/ob</I> and <I>db/db</I> mice. </LI> <LI> Osmotin regulated AdipoRs/APPL1/PPAR-α/AMPK/SIRT1 pathways in HepG2 cells. </LI> <LI> Osmotin regulated the impaired insulin signaling both <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> studies. </LI> <LI> Osmotin treatment regulated plasma chemistry associated with metabolic disorders. </LI> </UL> </P>

Options for Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion of Waste and Biomass—a Review

Neelam Vats,Abid Ali Khan,Kafeel Ahmad 한국농업기계학회 2020 바이오시스템공학 Vol.45 No.1

Introduction Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising technology because it is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable. Moreover, biogas generation from organic waste is considered to be the future of bio-energy. Purpose In this paper, we review the substrates available for biogas production, different methods for improvement of AD processes (two-stage anaerobic digestion and digestate recirculation) and various pre-treatment techniques used to enhance biogas generation. Method Two-stage digestion and co-digestion of two or more substrates appear to be promising techniques for enhanced anaerobic digestion. These techniques could help to maintain the nutrient balance in a system without the further addition of nutrients, in addition to enhancing biogas generation. Results Pre-treatment of various substrates is mainly used to increase the hydrolysis rate and thus enhance the efficiency of AD processes.

Some Physico-chemical Properties of Esterase Isozymes in Haemolymph of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Moon,Jae Yu,Khan,Abid Ali 서울대학교 농과대학 농업개발연구소 1993 서울대농학연구지 Vol.18 No.2

누에에 있어서 에스테라제 동위효소의 생화학적 특성에 관한 기초적인 자료를 얻기 위해 5령 누에의 혈림프에서 에스테라제 동위효소 Est 1, Est 2, Est 3를 검출, 분리하여 그 물리 화학적 성상을 조사하였다. 고열에 처리한 이 동위효소의 열 안정성은 암수간에 차이없이 모두 안정하였다. 특히, 에스테라제 동위효소 Est 1이 가장 열 안정성이 있었다. 전자현미경으로 관찰한 이 동위효소의 모양은 일부를 제외하고는 대부부 구형이었다. 아미노산을 분석한 결과 동위효소간에 상당한 아미노산 조성의 차이를 보였으나, 아르기닌과 알라닌이 주요 구성아미노산이었다. 면역확산 시험결과 에스테라제 동위효소 Est 1, Est 2, Est 3는 면역적으로 동일하였다. To establish the basic data for the biochemical characteristics of esterase isozymes of the silkworm, the esterase isozymes in the haemolymph of 5th star silkworm larvae were detected, isolated and characterized by physico-chemical properties. These studies included immunological characteristics, aminoaced composition, heat sensitivity, transmission electron microscopic observation. The esterase isozymes Est 1, Est 2 and Est 3 of both sexes were found heat-stable under 70℃ for 10 min. Where as esterase isozymes Est 1 was found more heat stable even at 80℃ for 15 min. but when time was extended to 30 min. it lost its activity. The above results indicated that when the esterase isozymes are subjected to high temperature above 80℃, there was no difference in both sexes of esterase isozymes sensitivity to the temperature. The isolated esterase isozyme Est 1, Est 2 and Est 3 were observed under transmission eletron microscope for the observation of shape. These esterase isozymes was in globular in shape. The amino acid composition of esterase isozymes Est 1, Est 3 and Est 3 showed considerable differences. Est 1 was characterized by exceptionally high level of histidine and Est 2 with arginine and Est 3 by arginine and alanine as compared to their levels in Est 1 and Est 2. Some amino acids were detected in traces and few were not detected at all. arginine and alanine were found as common amino acids on three esterase isozymes, while lysine, methionine, isoleusine and phenylalanine existed in less quantity and detected in traces. Threonine, proline, valine, leucine, cystine and tryptophan were not detected in any of the three esterase isozymes. The immunological study of the esterase isozymes Est 1, Est 2, Est 3 were carried out and these were used as antigen with rabbit antisera against female larval haemolymph. The precipitin line appeared close to the esterase isozymes Est 1, Est 2 and Est 3 and antiserum in all the replications of this study. The results revealed that antisera and the three haemolyph esterase isozymes Est 1, Est 2 and Est 3 were immunologically identical.