인공하천에서 유량감소로 모사한 가뭄효과가 수질 및 부착돌말류 군집에 미치는 영향

황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.1

We investigated an ecological impact of drought simulated by discharge depletion on the water quality and benthic diatom community in the indoor experimental channel. As artificial substrates slide-glass was installed in acrylic channel for 16 days. Channels were supplied continuously with eutrophic lake water with a discharge rate of 6 L min--1 in duplication during the colonized period. And then during the discharge depletion period, three discharge rates were provided: NDF (No depletion of flow rate (Control): 6 L min--1), LDF (Low depletion of flow rate: 3 L min--1) and HDF (High depletion of flow rate: 1 L min--1). Environmental factors in the water, such as suspended solid, Chl-a and nutrients concentration, were measured with periphytic algae including AFDM (ash free dry matter), Chl-a concentration and cell density at 1-day intervals. Light intensity increased significantly with discharge depletion (F=229.5, p= 0.000). NH4-N concentration was highest at HDF. Suspended solid in outflowing water decreased at HDF (88%), LDF (97%) and NDF (99%), compared to inflowing water (100 %). Chl-a in substrates increased more than two times at LDF and HDF than NDF (F= 8.399, p=0.001). Also AFDM and benthic diatom density increased significantly at LDF and HDF than NDF (F=9.390, p=0.001; F=6.088, p=0.007). In all experimental groups, Aulacoseira ambigua, Achnanthes minutissima and Aulacoseira granulate were dominant species accounting for greater than 10% of benthic diatom density. The most dominant species, A. ambigua was highest at LDF, followed by HDF and NDF (F=8.551, p=0.001). In conclusion, the effect of drought simulated by discharge depletion in an artificial stream ecosystem caused significant changes on water quality and benthic diatom biomass. This result provides a useful data to understand the effect of draught on stream ecosystem in situ.

수출제조기업의 생산성변화에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석

황경연(Kyung-Yun Hwang),구종순(Jong-Soon Koo),황정현(Jung-Hyun Hwang) 한국무역학회 2016 貿易學會誌 Vol.41 No.4

공유기반 트리 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜을 위한 후보 코어 선택 방법

황순환(Soon-Hwan Hwang),윤성대(Sung-Dae Youn) 한국멀티미디어학회 2004 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.7 No.10

상가밋따(Sanghamitta)와 남방 테라와다(Theravada) 전통의 연속성

황순일(Soon Il Hwang) 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2013 佛敎學報 Vol.0 No.66

남방 테라와다(Theravada) 전통에서 비구니교단은 10세기경에 소멸된 후 복원되지 않고 있다. 하지만 남방불교 전통에는 상가밋따로 대변되는 비구니교단의 역사가 전해지고 있고 상가밋따가 전해준 보리수나무가 남방불교의 중단 없는 연속성을 상징해 주고 있다. 물론 상가밋따의 역사성은 오래전부터 의심되어 왔으며 여전히 그 역사성을 증명할 수 있는 수단은 없어 보인다. 하지만 상가밋따의 역사성을 의심하는 학자들에 의해서 꾸준히 언급되어온 현장 법현과 같은 중국 순례승들의 언급은 더 이상 과거와 같은 권위를 가지고 받아들여지지 않고 있다. 왜냐하면 이들이 언급이 기본적으로 다른 사람들에게 들은 것으로서 총체적으로는 중요한 의미를 지니지만 세세한 부분에 있어서는 많은 문제들을 일으키기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 남방테라와다 전통의 스리랑카 역사서인 마하왐샤를 중심으로 상가밋따의 일생을 흩어져서 나타나는 이야기들을 복원하여 남방불교의 벽화들과 함께 살펴본 수 중국 순례승들의 언급을 어떻게 받아들여야 하는가를 살펴보도록 하겠다. 그리고 비록 비구니 교단은 사라졌지만 보드가야의 보리수나무 가지를 전해준 것으로서 여전히 중요하게 받아들여지는 상가밋따의 역할을 통해 남방 테라와다 전통의 중단 없는 연속성을 살펴보도록 하겠다. Buddhist nuns are real women intellectuals in the Ancient Indic World. One of the most famous nuns in the Southern Theravada tradition could be Sanghamitta, a daughter of the renowned king Ashoka in Mauryan Empire in Northern India. Two very important events are related to Sanghamitta in the Southern Buddhism: starting of the nun ordination tradition in Srilanka and transmitting a branch of the Bodhi-tree from Magadha to Srilanka. The legacy of Sanghamitta is still celebrated in Srilanka during the full moon day of December every year known as Sanghamitta Poya. The popular story of Sanghamitta has been based mainly on the scattered episode appeared in the Srilankan chronicles. We can even reconstruct the entire biography of Sanghamitta from the various part of the Mahavamsa which shows the strong inference of the Mahavihara nikaya, one of the most traditional Orders in Srilanka. It actually represents the image of Sanghamitta developed and preserved within the Mahaviharins. By contrast, Sanghamitta was not appeared in the legend of the King Ashoka (Asoka-avadana) developed and preserved in Northern India. Two Chinese pilgrims also talk of something different relating to Sanghamitta. Xuanzang regards Mahendra, possibly the brother of Sanghamitta, as a brother of King Ashoka. He also added that Mahendra stayed some time in Southern India before moving to Srilanka to propagate Buddhism entire island. Planting of the Bodhi-tree is also told differently from Faxian who lived in Srilanka for 2 years during the 4th century AD. His story could represent the perspective of the Abhayagirivihara, one of the rival sects against the Mahavihara in Ancient Srilanka. Here the Bodhi-tree was transmitted and planted not with Sanghamitta but through the direct order of a former King in Anuradhapura. In this paper, I am exploring various episode of Sanghamitta appeared in Srilankan chronicles compared with Northern Buddhist legend as well as the records of Chinese pilgrims and am hoping to show the importance of Sanghamitta`s legacy in the Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia.

한국교회의 성장과 정체에 대한 연구

황순환(Hwang, Soon Hwan) 한국선교신학회 2011 선교신학 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of church growing and to identify the factors of decreasing church members at the same time. On the basis of the results few activating plans are recommended for the future church developing in Korea. Needless to say the existing reason of the church is to engage in mission work and to preach the gospel into the whole world. In order to fulfill this mission, church must be grown; if it is not so, there is no way for the church to be exist. Taking notice of this point the study presents the factors of church growing until 1990 and discusses the reason why the church stop from growing. Either growing or decreasing there were still two factors which affect the church development; one is social fact and the other is church itself. After Japanese era, the tragic division of the Korean peninsula causes social unrest so the great number of people sought the consolation and the churches were right there and after the Korean war the rapidly growing economic situation also facilitate the grassroots to become church members. Beside that facts, Korean churches has their own campaign to spread the gospel; mainly this was conducted by foreign missionaries and the leaderships of the Korean pastors. On the other hand, there were also few things which hinder the church growing. This can be divided into two parts; the social facts and the church itself as well. Since 1980, Korean society is getting more stable and economic situations of the households are becoming sufficient. Moreover the single society has been changed by what is called multi-cultural society. These were the causes of the decreasing number of the churches in Korea. Concerning the above mentioned factors, the Korean churches should find out the ways to revitalize its development by means of recovering the leaderships of the pastors, facilitating better church mission works, and building a close relationships with the local communities.

‘불의 소멸’에 관한 인도적 관점과 불교적 비판

황순일(Hwang Soon-Il) 한국인도학회 2004 印度硏究 Vol.9 No.1

부영양 저수지에서 국내 담수산 패류가 수질에 미치는 영향

황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ),박구성 ( Ku Sung Park ),백순기 ( Soon Ki Baik ),김백호 ( Baik Ho Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2010 한국물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.1

구원학적 측면에서 본 초기인도불교의 열반

황순일(Hwang, Soon-Il) 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2010 남아시아연구 Vol.16 No.1

구원학적측면에서 보았을 때, 초기불교의 열반(nirv??a)은 여러가지 의문부호를달고 있다. 우리들이 열반에 어떻게 도달할 수 있으며, 열반이란 어떤 상태일까에 대해서 초기불교는 명확한 답을 주지 않고 있다. 초기경전은 기원을 달리하는 여러 가지 설명들을 열반에 도달하는 방법으로 두서없이 제시하고 있을 뿐이다. 또한 열반의 상태에 관해서도 비유와 침묵으로 일관하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 구원에 이르는 길과 관련하여 유여열반을 중심으로 초기경전에 나타나는 고행의 길, 지혜의 길, 그리고 명상의 길을 다양한 문화적 종교적 배경을 통해 살펴본다. 그리고 가능하다면 어느 길이 가장 불교적이고 불교 고유의 방법인지를 알아본다. 또한 구원의 상태에 관해서 무여열반을 중심으로 초기경전의 해석서인 아비달마 문헌들에서 나타나는 부파불교의 입장을 살펴본다. 부파불교시대의 무여열반에 관한 견해를 통해 부정적이고 허무적이며 단멸적인 것으로 보였던 불교적 구원의 상태가 어떻게 긍정적이고 낙관적이며 영원한 것으로 해석되게 되었는가를 살펴보도록 하겠다. From the soteriological point of view, early Buddhist concept of nirv??a contains many ambiguities. Early Buddhism cannot give clear answers on such questions as how we can reach nirv??a and what kinds of state nirv??a is. Within the early Buddhist canon, reaching nirv??a is explained through diverse ways with different cultural, religious, and philosophical background. In fact, we can hardly see any clear clarification of the state of nirv??a, except occasional silence and metaphor within the early Buddhist canon. This essay will deal with the way to reach liberation, or salvation, through the concept of nirv??a with a remainder of clinging (sopadhi?e?anirv??a). Among the diverse ways to reach nirv??a suggested in the early canon, it will discuss the way of asceticism, the way of wisdom, and the way of meditation from the different cultural religious and philosophical point of view. If possible, it will try to identify among the most Buddhist way to reach nirv??a and how it is related to the concept of nirv??a with a remainder of clinging. In addition, it will also deal with the state of nirv??a in terms of nirv??a withouot a remainder of clinging (anupadhi?e?anirv??a). Although the early canon does not really give a clear answer, yet gives a clue to deduce how this state can be understood originally. In fact the later sectarian Buddhist schools, excluding the Sautr?ntikas, seem to accept the idea that the state of Tath?gata after death cannot be regarded as mere non-existence. It will trace how the negative and nihilistic concept of nirv??a became positive and optimistic existent within the Sarv?stiv?dins, the Therav?dins.

구강악안면부 외상발생의 역학적 평가

황순정 ( Soon Jung Hwang ),배성숙 ( Sung Suk Bae ) 한국치위생과학회 2012 치위생과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

In this study, 1,495 cases of computerized data collected as disease entities of oral and maxillofacial injuries among patient visiting S university hospital located in Seoul in 2009 were analyzed and following results were obtained. It was found that the injury incidence in male was greater than in female (1.49:1), it occurred most frequently in the age of 7∼14 years old (19.6%), and its most frequent cause was falling down (25.9%). Injuries occurred in other place including beach and open-air (24.7%) most frequently, often developed in anterior teeth (43.2%) and posterior teeth (43.1%), their incidence was relatively higher between 15:00∼17:00 (10.4%) and 19:00∼23:00 (7.1%) O`clock. In the relationship between causes of the injury and the diagnosis based on the international classification of disease), falling, fall, impingement, violence, traffic accident, sports and own making accident caused most frequently lip and oral open injuries (S01.5), open fracture of tooth (S02.51), close fracture of tooth (S02.50), close fracture of mandible (S02.60), close fracture of tooth (S02.50), respectively. From the above results, it is necessary to understand general characteristics of oral and maxillofacial injuries and to consider their trends for the establishment of systematic complement policies and for the performing safety training and public relations activities.

자소 클래스 인식에 의한 off-line 필기체 한글 문자 분할

황순자(Hwang Soon Ja),김문현(Kim Moon Hyun) 한국정보처리학회 1996 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.3 No.4

The segmentation of characters is an important step if the automatic recognition of handwritten text. This paper proposes the segmenting method of of-line handwritten Hangul. The suggest approach is based on the structural characteristics of Hangul. The first step extracts the local features. connected component and strokes from the input word. In the second step we identify the class of strokes. The third segmenting step specifies WRC(White Run Column) before consonant or horizontal vowel. If the segment is longer than threshold, the system estimates segmenting columns using the consonant-vowel information and column features, and then finds a cornered boundart along the strokes within the estimated segmenting columns.