6-OHDA가 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 도파민성 신경세포와 별아교세포에 미치는 영향

홍은석(Eun Seog Hong),남성안(Seong Ahn Nam),조승묵(Seung Mook Jo),강태천(Tae-Cheon Kang),원무호(Moo Ho Won),최창도(Chang Do Choi) 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

신경독성물질인 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)이 중추신경계통 내 도파민성 신경세포에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 별아교 세포들의 반응을 형태학적으로 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 흰쥐의 가쪽뇌실에 6-OHDA를 투여한 후 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 광학현미경 하에서 등쪽솔기핵 내 도파민성 신경세포에 나타나는 퇴행성변화와 주위 별아교세포들의 반응양상 등을 경시적으로 제 3일, 제 5일, 제10일 및 제20일에서 관찰하였던 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 6-OHDA에 의한 도파민성 신경세포의 퇴행성변화는 약물투여후 제 3일군에서 세포돌기가 팽대되고, 제 5일군과 제 10일군에서는 세포돌기의 소실과 함께 세포체가 위축되었고, 제20일군에서는 세포체가 소실되었다. 또한 6-OHDA에 의해 도파민성 신경세포들의 손상이 진행되면서 별아교세포들의 반응양상은 제 5일에서 대조군에 비해 급격하게 증가하였으며, 제20일에 이르러 최고값을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 6-OHDA가 중추신경계통 내 도파민성 신경세포들에 선택적이고 강한 세포독성을 유발하여 퇴행성 변화가 진행되고, 세포 손상이 시간 경과에 따라 진행되면서 주위의 별아교세포들이 지속적으로 증가된 활동을 보인다는 사실을 알게 되었다. This study was designed to clarify the cytotoxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and to investigate neurodegenerative changes by immunohistochemistry. Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) weighing from 250 to 350 g were used as experimental animals. 6-OHDA (100 μg dissolved in 0.1% ascorbic acid) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain with the Hamilton syringe. The control rats were treated with the similar volume of 0.1 % ascorbic acid. The rats were sacrificed at the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 20th day, respectively, after the injection of 6-OHDA. The cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA resulted in severe neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the DRN. In the 3rd day, the dopaminergic fibers were dilated. In the 5th and 10th days, the dopaminergic fibers were depleted, and dopaminergic cell bodies were shrunken. In the 20th day, the dopaminergic cell bodies were almost completely disappeared. Astroglial reactions induced by 6-OHDA were also observed in the DRN. In the 5th day, astrocytes were significantly increased as compared with that of the control value. The value were reached at its maximum by the 20th day. Based on the present results, it suggests that 6-OHDA may act as a specific neurotoxin to dopaminergic neurons in the DRN, and induce severe neurodegenerative changes. Also, it suggests that the astroglial reaction in the DRN is gradually activated during the neurodegerative changes

6-OHDA가 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 도파민성 신경세포와 별아교세포에 미치는 영향

홍은석,남성안,조승묵,강태천,원무호,최창토 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

응급센터로 내원한 외상성 심낭삼출 환자의 치료

조준휘,이강현,오범진,김성환,강구현,황성오,박승일,김은기,홍은석 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Background : Current guidelines of advanced trauma life support recommend open thoracotomy when pericardiocentesis reveals bloody pericardial effusion in patients with blunt chest trauma. However, open thoracotomy may not be always required for treating patients alive until arriving emergency department, because rapid accumulation of the blood into pericardial space results in immediate death at scene. We report our experiences of treating traumatic pericardial effusion, and discuss the therapeutic modality in patients with traumatic pericardial effusion. Methods : The study consisted of 37 patients(20 males and 17 females with the mean age 42) sustaining traumatic pericardial effusion. The patients were divided according to treatment modality into 3 groups(group Ⅰ: patients receiving conservative management, group Ⅱ: patients treated with pericardiocentesis, group Ⅲ: patients required emergency thoracotomy). We compared clinical presentations, hemodynamic profiles and echocardiographic findings among three groups. Results : Cardiac tamponade was present in 14 of 37 patients. Pericardiocentesis was performed in 13 patients, and open thoracotomy in 4 patients. Pericardiocentesis was curative in 9 patients. Thoracotomy was performed in only 3(24%) of 13 patients required pericardiocentesis. 3 (75%) of 4 patients having moderate or severe pericardial effusion from penetrating injury were required open thoracotomy. Conclusion : In selected patients who have traumatic pericardial effusion by blunt chest injury, pericardiocentesis may be curative, and thoracotomy may not be required as long as bleeding via indwelling pericardial catheter is not sustained after pericardiocentesis.

외상 중환자의 예후 예측을 위한 TRISS, APACHE Ⅱ, SAPS Ⅱ의 비교

조광원,황성연,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Purpose: Several statistical models, such as the TRISS, the APACHE Ⅱ and the SAPS Ⅱ scoring systems, have been utilized over the recent decades to accurately predict outcomes in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) trauma patients. This study was performed to evaluate the ability of these three statistical models to predict hospital mortality and to compare the performance of these three statistical models in ICU trauma patients. Methods: Seven hundred forty-seven trauma patients were admitted to the ICU via the emergency center, Masan Samsung Hospital, from March 1999 to February 2001. Of them, 684 patients were included in this study, and their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. The probability of death was calculated for each patient based on the TRISS, the APACHE Ⅱ, and the SAPS Ⅱ equations. Results: The values of the Hosmer and Lemeshow X2 for TRISS, APACHE Ⅱ, and SAPS Ⅱ were 41.32, 43.03, and 17.64, respectively, and all of them underestimated mortality (p<0.05). For two-by-two decision matrices with a decision criterion of 0.5, the specificities and percentages correctly classified of APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ were higher than those of TRISS (p<0.001). For the ROC curve analysis, the areas under the curves (±SEM) of TRISS, APACHE Ⅱ, and SAPS Ⅱ were 0.922±0.011, 0.951±0.011, and 0.957±0.009, respectively (95% confidence interval). The areas under the curves of APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ were larger than that of TRISS (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: All of these three statistical models had good discriminative power, with APACHE Ⅱ and SAPS Ⅱ performing better than TRISS. However, all of them showed poor calibration and underestimated mortality. The authors conclude that a new statistical model is needed to accurately predict hospital mortality in severely injured patients.

초등 과학 포트폴리오 평가 도구 개발 연구

김찬종,김순영,김명수,김미숙,이지연,윤선아,최승희,홍은석,여원미,이주슬,편준호 한국초등과학교육학회 1998 초등과학교육 Vol.17 No.1

Portfolio assessment provides many opportunities to foster children's creativity and to increase their responsibility for learning. Few research study has been conducted in this area, and this assessment method has scarcely been administered in primary science class. Proper and effective use of portfolio assessment in our primary science class requires basic research on how to design and administer the method. Based on the earlier study on typical structures and components of portfolio assessment, the assessment instrument was developed on various primary science topics. The development team was consisted of one science education specialist and nine pre-service elementary school teachers. It takes ten months to develop instruments for 27 class hours. The development process was reciprocal in that development and revision cycle was repeated more than 7 times. The portfolio assessment instruments consist of instructional objectives, developers' evidence for the objectives, and assessment criteria. Adopting a new way of assessment into science class inevitably causes lots of confusions to teachers and children. The absence of basic research studies must be a critical barrier for successful administration of a new assessment method such as portfolio assessment. Further research is required in the preparation and administration of portfolio assessment in our primary science classroom.