6-OHDA가 흰쥐 등쪽솔기핵내 도파민성 신경세포와 별아교세포에 미치는 영향

홍은석(Eun Seog Hong),남성안(Seong Ahn Nam),조승묵(Seung Mook Jo),강태천(Tae-Cheon Kang),원무호(Moo Ho Won),최창도(Chang Do Choi) 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.4

신경독성물질인 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)이 중추신경계통 내 도파민성 신경세포에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 별아교 세포들의 반응을 형태학적으로 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 흰쥐의 가쪽뇌실에 6-OHDA를 투여한 후 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 광학현미경 하에서 등쪽솔기핵 내 도파민성 신경세포에 나타나는 퇴행성변화와 주위 별아교세포들의 반응양상 등을 경시적으로 제 3일, 제 5일, 제10일 및 제20일에서 관찰하였던 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 6-OHDA에 의한 도파민성 신경세포의 퇴행성변화는 약물투여후 제 3일군에서 세포돌기가 팽대되고, 제 5일군과 제 10일군에서는 세포돌기의 소실과 함께 세포체가 위축되었고, 제20일군에서는 세포체가 소실되었다. 또한 6-OHDA에 의해 도파민성 신경세포들의 손상이 진행되면서 별아교세포들의 반응양상은 제 5일에서 대조군에 비해 급격하게 증가하였으며, 제20일에 이르러 최고값을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 6-OHDA가 중추신경계통 내 도파민성 신경세포들에 선택적이고 강한 세포독성을 유발하여 퇴행성 변화가 진행되고, 세포 손상이 시간 경과에 따라 진행되면서 주위의 별아교세포들이 지속적으로 증가된 활동을 보인다는 사실을 알게 되었다. This study was designed to clarify the cytotoxic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and to investigate neurodegenerative changes by immunohistochemistry. Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) weighing from 250 to 350 g were used as experimental animals. 6-OHDA (100 μg dissolved in 0.1% ascorbic acid) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain with the Hamilton syringe. The control rats were treated with the similar volume of 0.1 % ascorbic acid. The rats were sacrificed at the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 20th day, respectively, after the injection of 6-OHDA. The cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA resulted in severe neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the DRN. In the 3rd day, the dopaminergic fibers were dilated. In the 5th and 10th days, the dopaminergic fibers were depleted, and dopaminergic cell bodies were shrunken. In the 20th day, the dopaminergic cell bodies were almost completely disappeared. Astroglial reactions induced by 6-OHDA were also observed in the DRN. In the 5th day, astrocytes were significantly increased as compared with that of the control value. The value were reached at its maximum by the 20th day. Based on the present results, it suggests that 6-OHDA may act as a specific neurotoxin to dopaminergic neurons in the DRN, and induce severe neurodegenerative changes. Also, it suggests that the astroglial reaction in the DRN is gradually activated during the neurodegerative changes

황화수소 중독 증례

최영희,남병극,김효경,박지강,홍은석,김양호,Choi, Young-Hee,Nam, Byung-Kuk,Kim, Hyo-Kyung,Park, Ji-Kang,Hong, Eun-Seog,Kim, Yang-Ho 대한임상독성학회 2004 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Three workers, field operators in lubricating oil processing of petroleum refinery industry were found unconscious by other worker. One of them who were exposed to an high concentration of H2S was presented with Glasgow Coma Score of 5, severe hypoxemia on arterial blood gas analysis, normal chest radiography, and normal blood pressure. On hospital day 7, his mental state became clear, and neurologic examination showed quadriparesis, profound spasticity, increased tendon reflexes, abnormal Babinski response, and bradykinesia. He was also found to have decreased memory, attention deficits and blunted affect which suggest general cognitive dysfunction, which improved soon. MRI scan showed abnormal signals in both basal ganglia and motor cortex, compatible with clinical findings of motor dysfunction. Neuropsychologic testing showed deficits of cognitive functions. SPECT showed markedly decreased cortical perfusion in frontotemporoparietal area with deep white matter. Another case was recovered completely, but the other expired the next day.

성별에 따른 급성심근경색증의 특성비교

최귀윤(Choi Gui Yun),홍은석(Hong Eun Seog) 한국성인간호학회 2008 성인간호학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Phthalic Anhydride에 의한 직업성 천식

최승원 ( Seung Won Choi ),안종준 ( Jong Joon Ahn ),정현철 ( Hyun Chul Jung ),홍은석 ( Eun Seog Hong ),이지호 ( Ji Ho Lee ),김양호 ( Yang Ho Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2005 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.25 No.4

Acid anhydrides, such as phthalic anhydride (PA) or trimellitic anhydride, are low molecular weight reactive chemicals that has been widely used in the manufacture of plastics and paints. They have been reported to cause rhinitis, dermatitis, asthma, and hemorrhagic alveolitis. These adverse effects are a result of direct irritation to the mucosa or its ability to cause immune reaction. We report a 32-year-old man with PA induced asthma, confirmed by specific inhalation challenge. He complained of recurrent chest tightness, sneezing, and dyspnea while at work. These symptoms develop 3 years after exposure to this chemical. Inhalation challenge with PA fume reproduced his symptoms and demonstrated an early asthmatic response. Specific IgE antibody against to PA was elevated. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;25:320-323)

의무 기록 분석을 통한 응급실 흉통 간호 기록지 개발

최귀윤(Choi Gui Yun),문영숙(Moon Young Sook),홍은석(Hong Eun Seog) 한국성인간호학회 2006 성인간호학회지 Vol.18 No.4

불안정성 골반골 골절 손상에서 동반 복부 고형장기 손상의 임상적 특성

이상원 ( Sang Won Lee ),김선휴 ( Sun Hyu Kim ),홍은석 ( Eun Seog Hong ),안력 ( Ryeok Ahn ) 대한외상학회 2012 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: This study analyzed the characteristics of unstable pelvic bone fractures associated with intraabdominal solid organ injury. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively collected from January 2000 to December 2010 for patients with unstable pelvic bone fractures. Unstable pelvic bone fracture was defined as lateral compression types Ⅱ and Ⅲ, antero-posterior compression types Ⅱ and Ⅲ, vertical shear and combined type by young classification. Subjects were divided into two groups, with (injured group) and without (non-injured group) intra-abdominal solid organ injury, to evaluate whether the characteristics of the fractured depended on the presence of associated solid organ injury. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, initial hemodynamic status, laboratory results, revised trauma score (RTS), abbreviated injury scale(AIS), injury severity score(ISS), amount of transfusion, admission to the intensive care unit(ICU), and mortality. Results: The subjects were 217 patients with a mean age of 44 years and included 134 male patients(61.8%). The injured group included 38 patients(16.9%). Traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury, and lateral compression was the most common type of fracture in all groups. The initial blood pressure was lower in the injured group, and the ISS was greater. The arterial pH was lower in the injured group, and shock within 24 hours after arrival at the emergency department was more frequent in the injured group. The amount of the transfused packed red blood cells within 24 hours was higher in the injured group than the non-injured group. Invasive treatment, including surgery and angiographic embolization, was more common in the injured group, and the stay in the ICU was longer in the injured group. Conclusion: A need exists to decide on a diagnostic and therapeutic plan regarding the possibility of intraabdominal solid organ injury for hemodynamically unstable patients with unstable pelvic bone fractures and multiple associated injuries. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2012;25:1-6)

흉부 둔상으로 발생한 외이도 출혈이 동반된 외상성 질식 증후군

이제호 ( Je Ho Lee ),경규혁 ( Kyu Hyouck Kyoung ),김정원 ( Jeong Won Kim ),양희준 ( Hui Jun Yang ),홍은석 ( Eun Seog Hong ) 대한외상학회 2013 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

Traumatic asphyxia, also called ``Perthes syndrome``, is characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, cervicofacialpetechiae and cyanosis resulting from venous hypertension caused by an abrupt, severe, compressive force to the thoracoabdominal region. A 37-year-old male patient who was transferred to the emergency room due to chest trauma by overturning of a forkcrane. His head, neck, and shoulders showed severe ecchymosis, and his upper chest was cyanotic. There was bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage and bilateral ear bleeding without tympanic rupture. Perthes syndrome is a rare condition and we treated a patient with typical and atypical symptoms; thus we report this case of Perthes syndrome.

내재된 둔상으로 인한 좌측 총 장골동맥 파열에 따른 출혈성 심정지 (질 내 경로를 통한 자위 행위로 인한 손상 의심): 증례보고

경규혁 ( Kyu Hyouck Kyoung ),김미진 ( Mi Jin Kim ),최병호 ( Byung Ho Choi ),홍정석 ( Jung Seok Hong ),홍은석 ( Eun Seog Hong ) 대한외상학회 2014 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

A 34-year-old woman experienced a sudden cardiac arrest after complaining of abdominal pain. The cause of that serious event was a hidden hemorrhagic shock. On computed tomography of her pelvic area, we found that her left common iliac artery had been ruptured. No bone fractures were observed. Her angiography showed neither atherosclerosis nor an aneurysm of the artery. Because spontaneous ruptures of the common iliac artery are rare, we suspected, based on her husband’s statement, that a hidden blunt trauma to the artery had occurred via an endo-vaginal route due to dildo masturbation. Unfortunately, she died without recovery, in spite of our having controlled the bleeding by using an angiographic endovascular stent-graft. [ J Trauma Inj 2014; 27: 211-4 ]

벌독에 의한 아나필락시스 쇼크 발생의 예측 인자

김형주 ( Hyung Joo Kim ),김선휴 ( Sun Hyu Kim ),박형도 ( Hyoung Do Park ),김우연 ( Woo Youn Kim ),홍은석 ( Eun Seog Hong ) 대한임상독성학회 2010 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock caused by bee venom. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of the patients who experienced anaphylaxis caused by natural bee sting or acupuncture using bee venom from January 1999 to December 2008. Seventy subjects were divided into the shock and non-shock groups. The clinical characteristics, sources of bee venom, treatments and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 45.5 ± 16.3 years old and the number of males was 44 (62.9%). There were 25 patients in the shock group and 45 in the non-shock group. The age was older (p=0.001) and females (p=0.003) were more frequent in the shock group. Transportation to the hospital via ambulance was more frequent in the shock group (p<0.001). No difference was found in species of bee between the two groups. The cephalic area, including the face, was the most common area of bee venom in both groups. Anaphylaxis caused by bee sting commonly occurred between July and October. Cutaneous and respiratory symptoms were the most frequent symptoms related to anaphylaxis. Cardiovascular and neurologic symptoms were more frequent in the shock group. The amount of intravenously administered fluid and subcutaneous injection of epinephrine were much more in the shock group than that in the non-shock group. Conclusion: Older age was the factors related to anaphylactic shock caused by bee venom. Further validation is needed to evaluate the gender factor associated with shock.

외상후 복부 다발성 고형장기 손상

박형도 ( Hyung Do Park ),김선휴 ( Sun Hyu Kim ),이종화 ( Jong Hwa Lee ),홍정석 ( Jung Seok Hong ),홍은석 ( Eun Seog Hong ) 대한외상학회 2009 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: This study evaluated the characteristics and the prognosis of multiple intraabdominal solid organ injuries, including those to the liver, spleen, and kidney, after blunt trauma. Methods: From January 2001 to March 2009, 39 patients with multiple intraabdominal solid organ injuries, which had been confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography after blunt trauma, were included in this retrospective study. The injury severity score (ISS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS), revised trauma score (RTS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury grade of solid organs, initial hemodynamic status, blood gas analysis, blood transfusion, and the mortality were the main outcome measurements. Results: Injured groups were classified into liver/kidney (n=17), liver/spleen (n=4), spleen/kidney (n=13), and liver/kidney/spleen (n=5) groups. Patients were older in the liver/kidney group than in the liver/kidney/spleen group (43 vs 18 years, p=0.023). The initial systolic blood pressures tended to be lower in the liver/kidney group than in the other groups (84 vs 105, 112, and 114 mmHg, p=0.087). The amounts of 24-hour packed RBC transfusion were 32 units in the liver/kidney group and 4 units in the liver/kidney/spleen group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Differences were found in neither the RTS, ISS, and AIS for head, chest, abdominal, and pelvic injuries nor the AAST injury grade for solid organ, but injuries to the chest were more severe in the liver/spleen group than in the spleen/kidney group (AIS 4.0 vs 2.8, p=0.028). Conservative treatment was the most frequent applied treatment in all groups. There were 6 mortalities: 3 due to hypovolemia, 2 to sepsis, and 1 to brain injury. Mortalities occurred only in the liver/kidney group. Conclusion: Patients who had intraabdominal solid organ injuries of the liver and the kidney simultaneously, tended to be transfused more at an early time after trauma, to have lower initial systolic blood pressures, and to have a higher mortality. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2009;22:193-8)