프랑스에 있어서 68년 학생혁명과 86년 학생시위에 대한 비교고찰

홍순호 한국국민윤리학회 1987 倫理硏究 Vol.25 No.1

一地域社會의 腸티푸스 및 類似腸티푸스 發生實態와 그 管理 : (Ⅱ) 保建所中心의 患者管理 現況 (Ⅱ).Control Problems by Health Center .

洪淳鎬,金斗熙,白宗欽 최신의학사 1974 最新醫學 Vol.17 No.11

Most patients were diagnosed with clinical symptom and signs. About one or two patients among the suspected cases every focus village were confirmed by Widal test and stool culture. There had not only special admitting places but also lack of specialists, mobiles and other facilities required. Reporting period and diagnosing time from onset were too much delayed because the laboratory of Health Center could not function for typhoid fever. The most prevalent month was July in 1972. The highest incidence was in 15-19 age group, The chief complains were headache (83.2%), arthralgia (72.38%), chilling (66.30%), abdominal pain (63.54%), high fever (46.96%), diarrhea (29.83%) coughing and vomiting etc. in other.

연자성 나노결정합금 분말의 열처리 온도에 의한 전자파 흡수 특성의 영향

홍순호,손근용,박원욱,문병기,송용설,Hong, S.H.,Sohn, K.Y.,Park, W.W.,Moon, B.G.,Song, Y.S. 한국분말야금학회 2008 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.15 No.1

The electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties with a variation of crystallization annealing temperature have been investigated in a sheet-type absorber using the $Fe_{73}Si_{16}B_7Nb_3Cu_1$ alloy powder. With increasing the annealing temperature the complex permeability (${\mu}_r$), permittivity (${\varepsilon}_r$) and power absorption changed. The EM wave absorber shows the maximum permeability and permittivity after the annealing at $610^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, and its calculated power absorption is above 80% of input power in the frequency range over 1.5 GHz.

코로나19에 따른 세계 도시철도 수송인원 변화

홍순호,정범채,이영규,임지혜 대한교통학회 2021 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.85 No.-

코로나바이러스감염증-19(코로나19)는 2019년 11월 최초 발생되었으며 2021년 7월 현재까지도 전 세계적으로 지속적으로 확산되고 있다. 코로나19는 사람 간에 전파되며 대부분 감염자의 기침, 말하기 등을 할 때 발생한 침방울(비말)에 의해 감염된다. 밀집도가 높은 대중교통의 경우 이러한 감염병에 취약하다는 인식과 감염병 확산을 막기 위한 락다운(Lockdown), 사회적 거리두기 등 각종 국가적 정책과 제도로 인해 많은 영향을 받고 있다. 특히, 도심 내 통행수단분담률이 높고 실내 밀집도가 높은 도시철도의 경우 코로나19로 인한 영향이 직접적으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 코로나19가 전 세계적으로 도시철도의 수송인원 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보기 위해 세계 주요 도시의 코로나19 발생 전후 도시철도 수송데이터를 활용하여 그 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 세계 도시철도 운영기관 중 2019년부터 2020년까지 모든 수송데이터를 수집 가능한 기관을 대상으로 하였으며, 그 대상은 서울을 포함한 상해, 홍콩, 파리, 마드리드, 시드니 등 6개 도시의 도시철도 수송인원으로 정하였다. 서울, 상해, 홍콩, 파리, 마드리드, 시드니 등 6개 도시의 도시철도 이용객은 2019년 대비 2020년에 모두 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 아시아 도시들에 비해 유럽 및 오세아니아 도시들에서 도시철도 수송인원 감소율이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 서울, 상해, 홍콩 등 아시아 도시들은 평균 약 29% 수준의 감소율을 보였으며 파리, 마드리드, 시드니 등 도시는 평균 약 49%의 감소율을 보였다.

大韓帝國 法律顧問 L. Cremazy의 任命過程 分析

洪淳鎬 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1980 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.36 No.-

This study is mainly concerned with Laurent Cremazy(1837-?), French jurist and lawyer, who was employed as a Legal Adviser to the Korean Imperial Government upon the recommendation of the French Government. He worked for the dynasty in the early 1900s(1900-1905), when the fate of Korea was being threatened by close competition for world hegemony among powerful states. During his stay in Korea, he translated the Korean penal law into French, published a book titled "Le Code Penal de la Coree", the first by a foreign writer resident in Korea, to introducing Korea to Europe. Nevertheless, any literature in Korea fails to mention his name and he has been thus title known to the Korean people. This implies that not only the diplomatic history of Korea but also all the relations of Korea with foreign countries have neglected to see the significance of his place in them, let alone the history of Korean-French diplomatic relations. The diplomatic history of modern Korea deals with the period between the opening of ports to foreign trade in 1876 and the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910. The late 19th century, however, is particularly significant as the nation then depended heavily upon foreign nations. The period can be characterized as a turning point between two different international orders-traditional and modern European. Korea's modern diplomacy was then extremely passive in foreign negotiations. Such a position of Korea toward foreign affairs may well represent the primary sources for the study of Korea's diplomatic history. Going a step further, it is also historical material for modern Korea, and at the same time, a major data for the study of relations with contemporary China, Japan and Russia. In light of these facts anybody cannot but be disappointed by the extremely poor resources concerning foreign relations left by the Chosun Dynasty. This study aims to examine the appointment of Dr. Cremazy as an attorney for the Korean imperial government in the early 20th century and his contribution to Korea. The analysis of this historical fact, still unknown to Koreans, is based on yet unpublished diplomatic archives of the Archives Diplomatiques des Affaires Etrangeres de France. The characteristic significance of this study is to identify a new historical fact with scholatic value, with stress on historical research. Though the historical approach represents on of the most workable instruments to revive facts of the past objectively and correctly, this study combines it with descriptive research for more systematic description and more practical understanding. It also seeks more detailed and practical information regarding Dr. Cremazy from a historical perspective. It is also mentioned, against the background of the heated competition among the powers, how the position of legal adviser to the Korean Monarchy came to be granted to a French man. The importance of the study is found in showing for the first time in Korea how those unpublished diplomatic archives of the French government touched on the adviser's role during his stay in Korea in relation to the powers. In the modern history of Korea, the first foreign adviser invited formally by the Korean government was P.G.von Mollendorff, who worked for King Ko-Jong. He was a German consul in Tien-Chien in China and was recommended as an adviser by Li Hung-Chang. There were few personalities capable of handling modern foreign affairs in 1876, when Korea saw for the first time modern international treaties along with its brisk international relations. He was thus appointed adviser for the Tong-Li-A-Mun(currently the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea) in 1882, when the ministry was inaugurated. In 1885 O.N. Denny, An American ex-diplomat, took his place until 1890, when the interference of China and Japan, with the internal affairs of Korea, was very conspicuous. In succession to Denny, C.R. Greathouse, a pro-Japanese from the United States, was appointed legal adviser upon the recommendation of the Japanese envoy to Korea. He stayed in office for 10 years until his death. Cremazy took the American lawyer's place in 1900. At that time, Russia and Japan were engaged in a confrontation and conflict in the Korean peninsula, After the Sino-Japanese War, and stronger nations focused on who would take the position of adviser. The important post of the adviser came to France primarily because the European state was politically neutral to Korean affairs and had only economic interests in Korea. It was shortly before the Russo-Japanese War that the two warring nations had reached an agreement not to intervene in internal matters of Korea. In any case, France's winning of the adviser's post can be appraised as a diplomatic victory on the part of France. In those days, the United States, which had been traditionally neutral to the Korean problem, shifted its position toward an anti-Russia, pro-Japan line. The shift in policy consequently helped France win the post. Cremazy contributed to, a considerable extent, the modernization of Korea and the development of Korean law while working five years and three months for the Korean government. The neutral position of the Korean government in relations to the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900 was taken according to his advice. Other outstanding records of his advisory career in Korea include his interpretation on the basis on international law of illegal whale fishing by foreigners off the coasts of Korea, the regulation of luxurious practices by privileged people, the design of new-style prisons, the protocol for the Royal Palace and the education of lawyers. His most remarkable achievement was his literary work. He devoted more than three years to writing Le Code Penal de la Coree, the first penal code of Korea, which was published in French at his own expense. Delcasse, French Minister of foreign affairs, informed of the publication of the code by Collin de Plancy, felicitated Cremazy in a cable on his completion of the code as follows. "The writing of Dr. Cremazy marks a striking enhancement of French honor in Korea as well as an excellent achievement during his stay in Korea. It is worth of hid devotion."(A Minister's instruction of Sep. 28, 1904) Upon his return to France, Cremazy published a supplementary text of the code, Texte Complementaire du code Penal de la Coree. Even in the period during which Korean sovereignty was taken over by Japan, he continued his literary work in favor of Korea. In 1907, he wrote a book of memories(Coutumes, Croyances, Moeurs en usage en Chine, dans l'Annam et en Coree) recollecting his life in the Orient. There is no data available which shows that the French government used Cremazy to meet its policy ends in Korea. Crenazy, represents to us a sincere personality, who genuinely loved Korea and joined the efforts for the modernization of the country. It is clear that he introduced Korea to Europeans and criticized Japanese imperialism. It is also emphasized that Dr. Cremazy was an important figure in the modern history of Korea-France diplomacy. The attainment of Cremazy in Korea for his country and the influence of French laws on Korea provide sources for researches on the history of law. It is regrettable that this study cannot trace his life in his later years in Frence because of lack of relevant data.

Bar splints 이용에 관한 임상적 고찰

홍순호 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1988 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.5 No.1

The bar splints can be considered as an alternative to fixed partial dentures where there is a need for abutment stabilization. The common use is the splint for two teeth, but multiple abutments can also be splinted with the bar. Isolated teeth can be stabilized with the use of the bar. The bar joint denture preserves a small mumber of residual teeth as long as possible. The bar splints the abutment teeth, retains and partially supports the complete denture, and together with the sleeve contained in the denture base, act as a joint.

지역연구,어떻게 할것인가

홍순호 이화여자대학교세계지역연구회 1996 세계지역연구 Vol.- No.1

이승만정권의 대일정책과 재일동포 북송문제

홍순호 이화여자대학교 사회과학대학 이화북한연구실 1999 북한연구 Vol.- No.2

보건소(保健所)에 등록(登錄)한 결핵환자(結核患者) 관리(管理)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

홍순호,Heng, Sun-Ho 대한예방의학회 1974 예방의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to obtain available data concerning tuberculosis control at health center and to recommend more effective measures to government and antituberculosis agencies. The study showed following results: Registration of tuberculosis patients should be allowed all patients regardless the extension of lesions. It is necessary that those patients who have not response to primary anti-tuberculosis drugs should be treated by secondary drugs. Control measure should be applied to those patients who discharged from health center in the past because more than 50 percent of them were still active situation. Meaningless mass X-ray survey should be abandoned and limited to family-contacts. 우리나라 결핵관리(結核管理)에 있어서 보건소(保健所) 등록대상자(登錄對象者)를 경증환자(輕症患者)까지 확대(擴大)하여 치료가능성(治療可能性) 환자(患者)를 취급(取扱)함이 요망(要望)되며 치료방식(治療方式)에 있어서도 맹목적(盲目的)으로 일차약(一次藥)만을 사용(使用)할 것이 아니라 내성균소지자(耐性菌所持者)에 대(對)해서는 이차약(二次藥) 투약(投藥)도 시도(試圖)하여아 하며 화학요법(化學療法) 일방(一方)으로만 하지 말고 외과적응증(外科適應症)에 대(對)해서도 적절(適切)한 외과적수술(外科的手術)을 시행(施行) 할것이 요망(要望)된다. 퇴녹자(退錄者)의 50%가 활동성(活動性)임이 추측(推測)됨으로 이들에 대한 적절(適切)한 대책(對策)이 시급(時急)하다. 기발견(旣發見)된 결핵환자(結核患者)가 전체적(全體的)으로는 50%정도(程度)이나 중등증이상(中等症以上)에만 국한(局限)시킨다면 80%이상(以上)에 달(達)함으로 무계획적(無計劃的)인 검진사업(檢診事業)에 과중(過重)한 비용(費用)을 허비(虛費)하지 말고 치료사업(治療事業)이나 예방사업(豫防事業)에 경비(經費)를 더 많이 투입(投入)함이 요망(要望)된다.

解放直前의 韓美關係(1942-1945) : 미국의 重慶 대한민국임시정부에 대한 不承認政策을 중심으로 focussed on the U. S. Nonrecognition Policy toward the Korean Provisional Government

洪淳鎬 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1992 社會科學論集 Vol.12 No.-

Due to an increased public interest against Japanese occupation in Korea, the K. P. G. (Korean Provisional Government), established in the wake of the independence movement in 1919 became the center for synthetic independence movement of Korea. The independence struggle of the PGK was not only to fight armed fightings, but also was to strengthen the diplomatic relationships toward the Allied Powers by its diplomatic organizations: Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Chungking and Korean Diplomatic Commission in Washington, D. C., led by Syngman Rhee. Despite the persistent petitions of the KPG fot the recognition of their exiled Government in Chungking, Franklin Roosevelt made a secret agreement with Stalin at Yalta by committing U. S. Government to a policy contrary to the Cairo Declaration. The Cairo Declaration of Dec. 1, 1943 included the statement that the three signatory powers, China, U. S. A., and Great Briatin, "ndful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea become shall free and independent."American authority denied recognizing the KPG, for the followring reasons: the KPG and other Korean independence movement organizations neither exercised administrative authority over any part of Korean peninsular, nor could it be regarded as the representative of the Korean People at that time. However, there were a series of records supporting the persistent rumors after Yalta Agreement which implies a well designed plan for a devided occupation on the Korean peninsular after War II by the both U. S. and Soviet Union. The denial of the existence of such a secret agreement affecting the future status of Korea should be considered sufficient under ordinary circumstances. Prior to three weeks of Japanese surrender, Syngman Rhee pointed out that his doubts were not entirely dispelled in the light of the following points: 1) The authenticity of the secret agreement is vouched for by an American of unimpeachable reputation and he will reveal the source of his information. 2) The Soviet authorities have so far remained ominously silent. 3) Churchill declared that there were many topics discussed at Yalta but they could not be revealed at that time. He did not say that the Korean question was not among them. 4) Korea, the country that has fought Japan for the last forty years, offered its tremendous manpower in the service of the Allied nations and presented many programs of war efforts that would reduce the number of Allied casualties, if accepted but the United States persistently refused to grant any of our requests. This indicates there was an agreement of a similar nature, either oral or written, long before the Yalta Conference. 5) Korea was made a victim of secret diplomacy in 1905. It was revealed many years later, too late for the Koreans to protest. These two different evidences of the U. S. Policy toward Korean Peninsular implies the American dual diplomacy. The U. S. government's records support this argument. According to the records, Koreans were recruited and trained in the forces of the Allied nations to be placed in a position to play an important role after the defeat of Japan. From the U. S. dual policy toward the Korean peninsular, we would learn that every states should have only one unique policy to prevent a high historical cost, which the Korean peninsular should have paid through the division of the nation-state and the KOREAN WAR between the North and South after that.