ESG와 사회공헌 : 이해관계자 인식과 이해의 차이

한우재 한국사회복지학회 2023 한국사회복지학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2023 No.10

정신질환 범죄자를 대하는 보호관찰관과 경찰의 경험에 관한 연구

한우재,대수민 한국사회복지학회 2022 한국사회복지학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2022 No.10

Neural Mechanisms and Models of Tinnitus Generation

한우재,Fatima T. Husain 한국청각언어재활학회 2009 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.5 No.1

Tinnitus is an auditory phantom sensation - it is the false perception of sound in the absence of an external source. Tinnitus can be managed, but there is no cure. Tinnitus affects approximately 10-20% of the population and is often accompanied by hearing loss. The hearing loss causes reorganization of the central auditory processing pathways and associated areas in the brain, possibly leading to tinnitus. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This paper reviews possible regions exhibiting activity related to tinnitus, from the cochlea to the primary auditory cortex, and the mechanisms that may underlie tinnitus generation. However, tinnitus is complex phenomenon and no single mechanism or brain region can account for all tinnitus sub-types or symptoms. In addition, somatosensory system and limbic system, with their strong connections to the central auditory processing pathways may be involved in tinnitus generation and persistence. Although, there have been advances in understanding neural mechanisms of tinnitus, particularly due to brain imaging studies in humans, there is still a paucity of data linking objective measure of tinnitus, obtained using brain imaging techniques, to subjective behavioral measures.

P1-N1-P2 Complex and Acoustic Change Complex Elicited by Speech Sounds: Current Research and Applications

한우재 한국청각언어재활학회 2010 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.6 No.2

Auditory cortical-evoked potentials reflect neural activity related to the detection, perception, discrimination, and cognition of incoming sounds from their timing (latency) and magnitude (amplitude) at the levels of primary auditory cortex and associated areas of the temporal lobe. Researchers have become interested in cortical-evoked potentials elicited by speech stimuli, referred to as speech-evoked potentials (SEPs). SEPs can provide information about a listener’s speech perception abilities at the auditory cortical level, primarily regarding features within speech signals that yield a greater chance of extracting essential cues for human auditory/oral communication. However, to date, relatively little data exist based on naturally produced speech stimuli, which include the listener’s perceptual information, such as specific acoustic/phonetic features, and unmodified spectral/temporal cues produced in natural speech. This tutorial paper reviews current SEP studies and provides feasible applications, focusing on two components of auditory potentials: P1-N1-P2 complex and acoustic change complex (ACC). SEPs offer a powerful objective technique for understanding speech perception of both normal and hearing-impaired listeners, particularly infants and elderly patients who cannot be assessed reliably using typical behavioral speech perception measures; SEPs also provide a means to investigate how acoustical characteristics of various naturally spoken speech stimuli are reflected in the evoked responses for both populations.

한국어 어음청각검사의 개발과 표준화에 대한 고찰

한우재,방정화 한국청각언어재활학회 2013 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.9 No.2

It is well known that assessment of speech perception is one of essential elements in audiology including its research and clinical practices. Numerous researchers have attempted to develop and evaluate the speech perception assessment materials in order to give appropriate intervention and better treatment to hearing-impaired listenes. One of primary goals of this paper is to review the Korean Speech Audiometry (KSA) (Lee et al., 2010) in terms of its development and standardization, and thus to increase awareness among professionals about its strengths and weakness related to the assessment of speech perception performance in adults and children with normal hearing and those with hearing loss. This paper includes reviews of three speech perception tests, e.g., Word Recognition Score (WRS), Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT), and Sentences Recognition Score (SRS), which have a small set of experiments and outputs based on two requirements of the speech perception assessment, called validity and reliability. The WRS showed an inter-list difference up to 20% in 25 subjects with moderate sensorineural hearing loss even if there was no significant difference statistically among lists. In SRT, there were spondees having unequal sound pressure levels and several tense (or fortis) sounds in the lists. Lists of the SRS showed a ceiling effect in either the normal hearing or the hearing-impaired listeners in spite of a good validity. The authors expect that audiologists will have a new insight and intuition on the speech perception tests after reading this review paper. Also, the authors ask the audiologists to know that developing and evaluating the KSA is an on-going process and it will continue to be developed in the future.

시간 변화와 선택적 단어 강조법이 정상 청력 성인의 문장인지도에 미치는 영향

한우재,유재형,조수진,Han, Woojae,Yu, Jyaehyoung,Cho, Soojin 한국음향학회 2013 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

본 연구는 정상 청력인에서 시간 변화 (i.e., 압축과 확장)와 선택적 단어 강조법이 문장인지도에 영향을 미칠수 있는지를 평가하였다. 정상 청력을 지닌 성인 20명이 연구에 참여 하였다. 자극음으로 한국표준 일반용 문장표(KS-SL-A)가 사용되었고, 문법적으로는 적절하지만 의미론적으로는 변칙적이고 무의미하게 재구성한 후, 여성 화자에 의해 녹음하였다. 시간 변화는 7단계 (e.g., ${\pm}60%$, ${\pm}40%$, ${\pm}20%$, 0 %)의 압축 및 확장으로 조절하였다. 이 때 선택적 단어 강조법 (i.e., 문장 내에서 특정 단어를 강조)의 효과를 보기 위하여 모든 대상자들에게 2주 간격으로 두 번 검사를 시행하였다. 연구 결과 1) 시간 변화에 따른 문장인지도 정반응률은 60 % 압축 조건에서만 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 2) 선택적 단어의 강조 유무에 따른 문장인지도의 정반응률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 6 ~ 7개의 어절로 이루어진 장문장의 자극음을 사용할 경우, 40 % 압축 조건에서 단어가 +6 dB 강조되었을 때, 유의하게 정반응률이 향상되었다. 3) 성별에 따른 문장인지도의 정반응률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 조금 빠른 시간 압축과 선택적 단어 강조법을 함께 사용했을 때가 시간 확장만 사용하였을 때보다 문장을 이해하는데 더 효과적임을 시사하고 있다. 그러나 후속 연구에 의한 표준화 자료가 동반되어야 하겠다. The present study examined whether sentence perception scores were changed under various conditions of time alteration (compression and/or expansion) and selective word stress in normal hearing listeners. Twenty young normal hearing adults (ten males) were participated. As stimuli, Korean standard-sentence list for adults (KS-SL-A) modified to semantically anomalous sentences was newly recorded by a female speaker. Seven different time-altered conditions (e.g., ${\pm}60%$, ${\pm}40%$, ${\pm}20%$, 0 %) were controlled. To see the effect of selective word stress (i.e., the emphasis of specific syllables in the sentence), all subjects were tested twice 2 weeks apart. The results showed 1) there was significantly different sentence perception scores among the different time-altered conditions, yet only in the 60 % compression condition; 2) there was no significant difference of the sentence perception scores in the effect of stress; however, there was a positive effect of the selective word stress in the sentences consisting of 6 ~ 7 syllables at the 40 % compression condition; 3) there was no significant gender difference. The pattern of results suggests that the combination of time compression and selective word stress is more effective to understand speech, instead of only using time expansion condition. However, further studies should be needed for standardization.

효과적인 정신질환 범죄자 관리를 위한 시스템 연구 : 미국 순차개입모델(SIM: Sequential Intercept Model)을 중심으로

한우재,김나영 아시아교정포럼 2023 교정담론 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 한국의 정신질환 범죄자를 대하는 기관의 분절적 접근의 한계를 공감하며, 미국의 순차개입모델을 분석을 통해 체 계적인 대상자 처우를 제언하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 미국 의 순차개입모델이 제시한 5단계 (지역사회, 경찰, 검찰, 교정시 설 및 법원, 출소 후 지역사회기관, 지역사회교정)를 각각 1) 개 념 및 목적, 2) 핵심 구성요소, 3) 사례연구로 나누어 분석하였 다. 또한, 순차개입모델을 통합적으로 분석하여 각 단계 간의 유 사점 및 차이점과 단계별 핵심 내용을 제시하였다. 또한, 한국의 정신질환 범죄자를 대하는 기관들을 순차개입모델의 틀을 사용 하여 비교 검토하였다. 정신질환 범죄자의 효과적인 관리를 위해 서 중요한 4가지 원칙은 1) 치료사법 기반의 서비스 제공, 2) 전문적 개입을 위한 실무자 교육 및 인력지원, 3) 다양한 기관과의 파트너십, 4) 동료지원 서비스이다. 정신질환 범죄자를 위한 순차적이고 통합적인 개입은 대상자뿐만 아니라 사회적 비용을 줄이고, 사회를 안정시키는 데 필요한 것이다. This study aims to propose a systematic approach for offenders with mental illness through an analysis of the U.S. Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) and the limitations of fragmented approach toward offenders with mental illness in South Korea. This study analyzes Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) in U.S. (community, police, prosecution, correctional facilities and courts, post-release agency, and probation) into three parts: 1) concepts and objectives, 2) key components, and 3) case studies. In addition, the study highlights similarities, differences, and key contents between each stage in SIM. Moreover, there is comparison and evaluation of various agencies in South Korea dealing with mentally ill offenders using SIM framework. To manage mentally ill offenders effectively, there is 4 principles 1) service based on the therapeutic jurisprudence, 2) training for professional intervention, 3) partnerships with various agencies, 4) peer support. Sequential and comprehensive intervention for mentally ill offenders is not only beneficial for them, but also essential for minimizing social costs and increasing public safety.

Effects of Hearing Protection Methods and Noise Directions on Bone-Conduction Sensitivity

한우재,유재형,Han, Woojae,Yu, Jyaehyoung The Acoustical Society of Korea 2013 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

The present study aimed to find the most sensitive placement of the skull to perceive speech through the bone vibrator in various protection methods while being exposed to noise. Twenty young normal-hearing adults (10 male and 10 female) participated in the study. As stimulus, Korean spondee words were presented via one of five skull locations (i.e., jaw angle, condyle, temple, mastoid, and vertex), while the participants wore one of four protection methods (i.e., ear form, ear plug, ear muff, and ear form and muff together) against white noise in one of four noise directions (i.e., 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees). The results showed: 1) there was a significant difference among the five skull locations with condyle being the most sensitive placement; 2) there was a significant difference among the four protection methods, with the ear form plus ear muff condition (or dual protection) providing the lowest threshold; 3) when exposed to noise from 90 degrees, the significantly lowest threshold was found; 4) there was no significant difference in results by gender. The pattern of results suggests that the communicative condition via the condyle bone conduction and the dual protection of the air conduction under any noise direction might be ideal for preventing noise-induced hearing loss, although further studies should be undertaken in this area. 본 논문은 소음 속에서 다양한 청력보호구 착용 시 청자의 두개골 위에 골진동체 자극을 이용하여 가장 민감한 어음인지 부위를 찾고자 하였다. 20명의 정상청력의 남성과 여성(각 10명)에게 강강격의 이음절어를 사용하여 네 종류의 청력보호구 (이어폼, 이어플러그, 이어머프, 이어폼과 머프 동시 착용)와 다섯 군데의 골진동체 위치 (하악골각, 관절구, 관자놀이, 유양돌기, 정수리)를 네가지의 소음 방향(0, 90, 180, 270도)에 따라 어음인지역치검사를 시행하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 골진동체의 위치 중 관절구가 가장 역치가 낮았으며, 2) 청력보호구 종류는 이어폼과 머프를 동시에 착용(이중 보호) 하였을 때 가장 역치가 낮았다. 3) 소음 방향에 따라서는 90도에서 소음이 제시되었을 때 가장 낮은 역치를 나타냈으나, 4) 실험 대상자의 성별에 따라서는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 소음성난청을 예방하며 소음 속에서 원활한 의사소통을 위해서는 이중보호 청력보호구 착용 하에서 관절구를 통한 언어전달이 가장 효율적이다.

A Relationship of Speech Perception and Amplification for Hearing-Impaired Listeners

한우재,Allen JB 한국청각언어재활학회 2011 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.7 No.2

Individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are treated with hearing aids and/or a cochlear implant, based on their pure-tone thresholds and speech perception scores. Although these assistive listening devices do help those individuals communicate in quiet surroundings, many still have difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments. The purpose of current study is to compare results of consonant perception when using flat gain (or most comfortable level, MCL) and to see changes in consonant error rate occurred by hearing impairment after applying a frequency specific amplification. Twenty American English speakers with mild-to-moderate SNHL were tested. Isolated English consonant-vowel (CV) syllables,consisting of sixteen consonants followed by the /a/ vowel, were used as stimuli. They were presented monaurally in quiet and at five different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in speech-weighted noise. To compare the consonant error between ‘no NAL-R amplification’(flat gain) and ‘NAL-R amplification’ conditions, all subjects were tested in the two conditions. When simulating the NAL-R condition, its formula was calculated in two steps for each subject, by obtaining the required gain as a function of frequency. Overall consonant percent errors were decreased with NAL-R correction, compared to the no NAL-R conditions. When we look at the aided audibility and average consonant errors (or scores) after fitting a hearing aid, hearing-impaired (HI) speech perception seems better than before wearing the hearing aid. However, there is a significant difference among consonants: some consonants obtain great benefit from NAL-R and others do not. Also, subjects who have similar pure-tone audibility do not receive the same benefit from the amplification. We conclude that although current amplification fitting methods can offer positive benefit on average to the speech perception of HI listeners, they cannot offer equally positive benefits to every consonant and every HI listener.

인공와우를 이용한 음악지각에 대한 고찰

한우재,김세아,이은성,김진숙 대한이비인후과학회 2019 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.62 No.4

With a high sound quality stimulated by the electrical device and a large inclusion in medical insurance, the number of cochlear implant recipients has been rapidly increased in Korea. Today, it is not surprising that early implanted young children with congenital deafness show a similar performance to their normal hearing peers in speech perception. However, the cochlear implant users still have a trouble to enjoy music. This review study aims to introduce briefly about acoustic components that required to perceive the music and understand a relationship between cochlear implantation and temporal fine structure. For the pediatric implant users who have less experience on acoustical sound features but are much familiar with the electrically stimulated sound, perceiving the music seems to be challengeable due to the lack of temporal fine resolution related to pitch and timbre among various components of music. Four representative test batteries for evaluating the recipients’ ability of the music perception were mentioned and effective auditory music trainings were discussed with analysis of related investigations. Unlike hearing aids users who usually depend on fitting algorism for better music quality, the cochlear implant users need systematic training to improve their music perception ability. In conclusion, advancement of speech processing technology which can provide accurate information about the temporal fine structure of incoming music to the recipients needs to be developed. Also, a practical application of music training should be recommended as a part of auditory training for the cochlear implant users.