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Contrasting Styles of Gold and Silver Mineralization in the Central and Southeastern Korea
최선규,최상훈,Choi, Seon-Gyu,Choi, Sang-Hoon The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.6
Two distinct precious-metal mineralizations actively occur at central and southeastern Korea which display consistent relationships among geologic, geochemical and genetic environments. A large number of preciousmetal vein deposits in the central Korea occur in or near Mesozoic granite batholiths elongated in a NE-SW direction. Whereas, gold and/or silver deposits in the southeastern Korea occur within Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rocks. However, most of the precious-metal deposits in the southeastern Korea show characteristics of the silver-rich deposits than the gold-rich deposits in the central Korea. Two epochs of main igneous activities are recognized: a) Jurassic Daebo igneous activity between 121 and 183 Ma, and b) Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activity between 60 and 110 Ma. Precious-metal mineralization took place between 158 and 71 Ma, coinciding with portions of the two magmatic activities. Contrasts in the style of mineralization, together with radiometric age data and differences in geologic settings reflect the genetically variable natures of hydrothermal activities from middle Jurassic to late Cretaceous time. The compilation and re-evaluation of these data suggest that the genetic types of hydrothermal precious-metal vein deposits in the central and southeastern Korea varied with time. The Jurassic and early Cretaceous mineralizations are characterized by the Au-dominant type, but tend to change to the Au-Ag and/or Ag-dominant types at late Cretaceous. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits commonly show several characteristics; prominent associations with pegmatites, simple massive vein morphologies, high fmeness values in ore-concentrating parts, and a distinctively simple ore mineralogy such as Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, Au-rich electrum, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. The Cretaceous precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by some- features such as complex vein morphologies, low to medium fmeness values in the ore concentrates, and abundance of ore minerals including Ag sulfosalts, Ag sulfides, Ag tellurides and native silver. Mineralogical and fluid inclusion studies indicate that the Jurassic Au-dominant deposits in the central area were formed at the high temperature (about $300^{\circ}$ to $500^{\circ}C$) and pressure (about 4 to 5 kbars), whereas mineralizations of the Cretaceous Au-Ag and Ag-dominant deposits were occurred at the low temperature (about $200^{\circ}$ to $350^{\circ}C$) and pressure (<0.5 kbars) from the ore fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters.
표고 품종간 생리적 특성 및 RAPD에 의한 유연관계 조사
최선규,고한규,김선철,노종현,이병석,유창현 한국버섯학회 2009 한국버섯학회지 Vol.7 No.4
본 시험은 산림버섯연구소에서 육성 등록된 표고 품종을 중심으로 생리적 특성 및 RAPD를 이용한 유연관계를 조사 하였다. PDA배지에서의 균사생장은 산조 101호, 302호, 502호 균주가 우수하였으며, 균사의 피막형성정도 및 균총 색깔의 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 각각의 품종에 따라 온도 별 균사생장 및 밀도조사와 참나무톱밥을 이용한 배지에서 의 균사생장을 조사하였다. 품종간 유전학적 유연관계를 알 아보고자 오페론 프라이머 50여개를 사용하여 RAPD를 실 시하였으며, OPA08등 10개의 프라이머가 품종별로 밴드 의 다형성을 나타내었으며 프라이머 종류에 따라 4~10개의 밴드가 증폭되어 총 67개의 밴드가 조사되었고, 밴드의 크 기는 200~1700bp 사이에 존재하였다. 밴드의 유무에 따라 NYSYSpc(2.1)로 UPGMA를 사용하여 균주간 유연관계를 조사하였다. <본 연구는 산림청 지원 연구비로 수행되었음.>
Gold-Silver Mineralization of the Geojae Area
최선규,지세정,윤성택,고용권,유재신,Choi, Seon-Gyu,Chi, Se-Jung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Koh, Yong-Kwon,Yu, Jae-Shin The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1989 자원환경지질 Vol.22 No.4
경남거제지역 금(金)-은광상(銀鑛床)들은 후기 백악기 안산암류와 화강섬록암(83 m.y.)내의 열극을 충진한 함금(含金)-은(銀) 열수맥상(熱水脈狀) 광체로 구성된다. 열수광화작용(熱水鑛化作用)은 구조운동에 의하여 시기적으로 3회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 초기 제$370^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 후기 $200^{\circ}C$에 이르는 제 I, II 광화기(鑛化期)에서는 각기 상이한 열수계(熱水系)에 의하여 석영, 유화물이 침전하였으며, $320^{\circ}C$를 전후로 하여 광화류체(鑛化流體)의 비담(沸膽)현상이 일어났다. 제 I, II 광화작용(鑛化作用)시의 압력은 <100기압이고, 심도는 500~1,250m였다. 금(金)-은(銀)의 주광화시기(主鑛化時期)인 광화(鑛化) I 기(期)의 공생광물에 대한 유체포유물(流體包有物) 및 광물열수학적(鑛物熱水學的) 연구에 의하면, 황철석, 섬아연석, 황동석은 $290^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서 비담작용(沸膽作用)과 동시에 정출하였고, 사면동석, 에렉트렘, 스튜자이트는 금(金)-유황종(硫黃種)의 농도가 $10^{-3}{\sim}10^{-4}$molal, 상당염농도(相當鹽濃度)가 2~6wt.% NaCl인 광화유체(鑛化流體)로부터 $220{\sim}260^{\circ}C$, 유황 및 산소분압이 각각 $10^{-11.8}{\sim}10^{-14}$, $10^{-35}{\sim}10^{-36}$ atm인 물리 화학적 환경하에서 침전하였다. 균질화(均質化) 온도와 염농도(相當鹽濃度)와의 관계는 천수류입(天水流入)에 의한 광화류체(鑛化流體)의 냉각(冷却) 및 희석(稀釋)작용이 광석광물 침전의 주된 메키니즘이었음을 지시해 주며, 유체내(流體內) 환원(還元) 유황종(硫黃種)($H_2S$)의 감소에 따른 금류화복합체(金硫化複合體)($Au(HS)_2$) 의 파괴로 금(金)의 침전이 유도되었으리라 사료된다. 유황 및 탄소, 산소 안정동위원소(安定同位元素) 연구(硏究)결과, 광화류체내(鑛化流體內)의 유황 및 탄소는 심부화성(深部火成)기원이었고, 방해석의 산소 안정동위원소(安定同位元素)값으로부터 열수계(熱水系)에서 천수(天水)가 지배적인 역할을 하였으리라 사료된다. The electrum-silver-sulfide mineralization of the Geojae island area was deposited in three stages (I, II, and carbonate) of quartz and calcite veins that crosscut Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks and granodiorite(83 m.y.). Stages I and II were terminated by the onset of fractunng and breCCIation events. Fluid inclusion data suggest that the gold-sulfide-bearing stages I and II each evolved from an initial high temperature( near $370^{\circ}C$) to a later low temperature(near $200^{\circ}C$). Each of those stages represented a separate mineralizing system which cooled prior to the onset of the next stage. The relationship between homogenization temperature and salinity in stages I and II suggests a complex history of boiling, cooling and dilution. Evidence of boiling indicates a pressure of < 100 bars, corresponding to a depth of 500 to 1,250m assummg hthostatlc and hydrostatic pressure regimes, respectively. Fluid inclusion and mineralogical evidence suggest that the electrum-silver mineralization was deposited at a temperature of $220-260^{\circ}C$ from ore fluids with salinities between 1.9 and 8.1 equivalent wt.% NaCl. Total sulfur concentration is estimated to be $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-4}$ molal. The estimated $fs_2$ and $fo_2$ range from $10^{-11.8}$ to $10^{-14}$ atm and $10^{-35}$ to $10^{-36}$ atm, respectively. The chemical conditions indicate that the dominant sulfur species in the ore forming fluids was a reduced form($H_2S$). Rapid cooling and dilution of ore-forming fluids by mixing with less-evolved meteoric waters led to gold-silver deposition through the breakdown of the bisulfide complex($Au(HS)_2$) as the activity of $H_2S$ decreased.
최선규,고한규,김선철,노종현,이병석,유창현 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.2
강원 홍천 등에서 수집한 국내 야생 표고 20개 균주에 대하여 생리 및 재배적 특성을 조사하였다. 생리적 특성 은 PDA 등 6개 배지에서 배양하였을 때, PDA배지에서 균사생장이 우수하였으며, MMM배지에서 가장 저조한 균사생장을 보였다. 배양온도시험으로 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃에서 배양하였을 때, 25℃에서 균사생장이 우수 하였다. 또한 산도별 시험결과 pH 5와 6에서 우수하였고, 참나무톱밥배지 수분함량별 시험에서는 55%에서 균 사생장이 우수하게 나타났다. 재배적 특성은 원목재배에서 3년간 자실체 특성을 조사한 결과, FMRI 57균주는 본당 개체수 246개, 본당 생산 량 684g, 개체중 13.9g으로 2년차에 버섯수확량이 많았으나, 3년차에 수확량이 떨어졌고, FMRI 104균주는 본 당 개체수 167개, 본당 생산량 596g, 개체중 16.2g으로 조사되었다.
극한미생물과 저가 배지를 이용한 지반고결제의 현장 적용 연구
최선규,박성식,채경헌 한국지반공학회 2015 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.31 No.1
In this study, a blast furnace slag with the alkaliphilic microorganism (Bacillus halodurans) alkaline activator wasused to cement natural soils in the field. A low-cost and massive microbial solution for cementation of field soils wasproduced and compared with existing microbial culture in terms of efficiency. A field soil was prepared for three differentcementation areas: a cemented ground with microbial alkaline activator (Microbially-treated soil), a cemented groundwith ordinary Portland cement (Cement-treated soil), and untreated ground (Non-treated soil). The testing ground wasprepared at a size of 2.6 m in width, 4 m in length, and 0.2 m in depth. After 28 days, a series of unconfined compressiontests on the cement-treated and microbially-treated soils were carried out. On the other hand, a torvane test was carriedout for non-treated soil. The strength of field soils treated with microorganism was 1/5 times lower than those ofcement-treated soil but is 6 times higher than non-treated soil. The pH measured from microbially-treated soil was about10, which is lower than that of cement-treated soil (pH = 11). Therefore, it is more eco-friendly than Portland cementedsoils. The C-S-H hydrates were found in both cement- and microbially-treated soils through SEM-EDS analyses andcement hydrates were also found around soil particles through SEM analysis.
토사비탈면 붕괴에 대한 계측관리기준 제안: 지표 경사를 중심으로
최선규,정민수,석재욱,정향선,송효성 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.7
This research studied slope behavior and the development of measurement management criteria(MMC) for soil slope failure based on surface inclination by conducting a slope failure experiment with surface inclination measurement. In particular, a real scale steep-slope failure simulator was used in the slope failure experiment, and the displacement behaviors were measured and analyzed using a digital camera, displacement measurement, and inclination measurement to develop the MMC. Specifically, the displacement and inclination behaviors followed a polynomial model because two methods could measure the surface behavior of a slope. In addition, the graded MMC determined the 'surface inclination velocity' with the same method used for the MMC from surface displacement. Additionally, four types of MMC were determined for 'Watch-Starting point when value is detected', 'Caution-Starting point of constant velocity', 'Warning-End point of constant velocity', and 'Alert-End point of acceleration'. Based on the results of the research, four graded MMC results were obtained for 'Watch-Starting point when value is detected', 'Caution-0.04°/min', 'Warning-0.22°/min', and 'Alert-1.74°/min'. Also, each determined MMC exhibited reliability from the other slope failure experiment with different soils and a comparison with the corresponding MMC from surface displacement. 본 논문은 지표 경사계를 설치한 비탈면 붕괴실험을 통해 지표 경사 기반의 비탈면 거동 분석 및 지표 경사 기반의 계측관리기준 개발연구를 수행하였다. 지표 경사 기반 계측관리기준 개발을 위해 실규모 급경사지 붕괴 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 비탈면 붕괴를 유도하였으며, 붕괴과정 동안의 지표 거동을 영상촬영, 지표 변위계 그리고 지표 경사계를 이용하여 측정 및 분석하였다. 분석 결과 지표 변위 거동과 지표 경사 거동 모두 다항형의 거동을 보이는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이는 두 계측기 모두 직접적인 지표의 변화를 측정하는 방법이기 때문으로 판단된다. 따라서, 지표 경사의 계측관리기준은 다항형 모델을 기반으로 설정하였으며, 계측관리기준의 단위는 ‘지표 경사속도’로 설정하였다. 단계별 관리기준은 ‘관심단계-계측시점’, ‘주의단계-등속의 시점’, ‘경계단계-등속의 종점’, ‘심각단계-과속의 종점’인 4단계로 설정하였다. 데이터 분석을 통한 최종 산정한 계측기준은 ‘관심단계-계측시점’, ‘주의단계-0.04°/min’, ‘경계단계-0.22°/min’, ‘심각단계-1.74°/min’로 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 단계별 계측관리기준은 추가적인 실증실험을 통한 데이터 분석 및 지표 변위 기반의 계측관리기준과의 계측 경보 발령 비교를 통해 신뢰성을 검증하였다.
최선규,하태정,유병곤,박영호,Choi, Sun-Gyu,Reddy, A. Sivasankar,Ha, Tae-Jung,Yu, Byoung-Gon,Park, Hyung-Ho 한국세라믹학회 2007 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.44 No.11
The $La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_3$ was deposited on $SiO_2/Si$ substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. The oxygen gas flow rate was changed from 0 to 80 sccm and the substrate temperature was $350^{\circ}C$. The oxygen gas flow rate was changed to control the growth orientation and crystalline state of the film. Relatively high TCR (temperature coefficient of resistance) value (-2.33%/K) was obtained when comparing with the reported values of the films prepared by using high substrate anneal temperature. The decrease in the sheet resistance and TCR value were observed when grain size of the film increased with the increase of oxygen gas flow rate.