한국어 [... V ... V] 표현의 종합적 통사 분석 I

채희락(Chae, Hee-Rahk) 한국언어학회 2015 언어 Vol.40 No.3

This paper is an attempt to achieve the goal of providing a comprehensive analysis of Korean [... V₁ ... V₂] expressions. Under the assumption that these expressions can be divided into auxiliary predicate constructions (APCs), converb/adverbial constructions and idiomatic constructions, we focus on the analysis of APCs in this paper. APCs are distinguished from the others in that the auxiliary predicate V₂ takes a VP/S in which V₁ occurs as its complement. In typical APCs, the unit containing V₁ is a VP, and V₁ and V₂ share their subject (i.e., their subjects are the same). There are other (non-typical) types of APCs. In some APCs, V₂ takes an S (rather than a VP) as its complement and, hence, the two Vs do not share their subject. In other APCs, V₂ triggers case alternation in some complements of V₁. In addition, different types of V₂s (i.e., auxiliary predicates) can occur sequentially and their interactions show interesting phenomena, including complex patterns of case alternation. Despite the large quantity of previous studies, they fail to provide a systematic account of these phenomena. In this paper, under the spirit of mono-stratal approaches, it will be shown that the properties of individual V₂s and their interactions can be accounted for effectively with reference to the subcategorization frames of the V₂s involved. We do not employ any other mechanisms only for APCs.

한국어 부사어의 분류와 분포 제약: 일반 부사어와 호응 부사어의 차이를 중심으로

채희락 ( Hee Rahk Chae ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2002 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.29

Although there have been many different analyses on the classification and distribution of Korean adverbials, there does not seem to be any satisfactory set of criteria to account for them effectively. This is partly due to the special properties of the adverbials themselves, whose classification and distribution vary depending not only on the lexical properties of each adverbial but also on its distributional environment. However, the distinction between "regular" and "concord" adverbials is very solid and plays a significant role in elucidating the properties of adverbials as a whole. The former have only the function of modifying other phrases, while the latter require (or trigger the existence of) some specified elements in the sentence. One of the major differences between them is that a concord adverbial and what is triggered by it (i.e. its "target") can be separated from each other unboundedly across clausal boundaries in the latter. There are two different types of unbounded relationships involved in the concord adverbial constructions. One is the relation between the adverbial (i.e. the "trigger") and its target. The other is the relation between the trigger as a modifier phrase and what is modified by it. These trigger-target and modifier-modified relationships are not ordinary ones because they show "downward movement" rather than "upward movement." Firstly, the trigger can only be on the same clause as or on a lower clause than the one containing the target. From a "deep structure" point of view, the trigger should be on the same clause as the target. In actuality, however, it can stay on a lower clause doing its own function there. Secondly, the trigger in a lower clause can modify not only its clause-mate predicate but also a predicate in a higher clause, When it modifies an upper-clause predicate, it is interpreted as being in the upper clause even though it is sitting in the lower clause. These downward movement phenomena pose a serious problem to the movement approaches.

이동동사의 정의와 분류

채희락(Hee Rahk Chae) 현대문법학회 1999 현대문법연구 Vol.15 No.-

In this paper, we will, firstly, examine morphological, syntactic and semantic issues related to the analysis of locomotion verb constructions. Secondly, after showing that locomotion verbs cannot be properly defined syntactically on the basis of the complements they take, we will provide a semantic definition of them and then a new classification of them. The classification will be based on a couple of parameters: whether the “Figure (moving entity)” is a subject or an object, and whether it is an Agent or not. In providing the definition and classification, we will make it clear that locomotion verbs are different from “motion verbs.” In addition, we will factor out a group of “pseudo-locomotion verbs” from the group of locomotion verbs in the traditional sense. Lastly, we will clarify the relationship between locomotion verbs and the -le complement, which is assumed to uniquely characterize the Korean locomotion verbs in syntactic approaches. We will show that there are two groups of verbs which can take the complement (one is a subgroup of locomotion verbs and the other is a group of non-locomotion verbs), and that the complement shows different properties in each of the two groups.

언어 중립성과 언어 기반 온톨로지

채희락(Hee-Rahk Chae) 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.22

In this paper, we have established a theoretical foundation for a new type of ontologies, “LL-Ontology,” which is easier to construct and more useful in applications than previous regular ontologies dealing with the conceptual world. On the basis of some issues needed to be considered in constructing ontologies, we have derived the concepts of “language neutrality” and “language/linguistics-basedness” of ontologies. In explicating these concepts, we have introduced a system of LL-Ontology (Language/Linguistics-based Ontology). This ontology consists of two parts: Language Ontology (LO) and Ontology for linguistics (OL). The former is dealing with a linguistic world of the conceptualized world concerned. The latter is a sub-ontology of grammatical categories. One of the most significant aspects of LL-Ontology is that it is a concept net which properly incorporates the properties of language, which is the most richest and specific means of conveying concepts.

융합 현성과 "(-고) 하-"의 관련성: [대]형 표현의 분석을 중심으로

채희락 ( Hee Rahk Chae ) 한국언어정보학회 2006 언어와 정보 Vol.10 No.1

We can distinguish two different groups of "fusion expressions" depending on whether the verb (-ko) ha- ``do`` can be recovered from the contracted expression concerned or not: recoverable and unrecoverable fusion expressions. Many expressions belonging to the former group show alternations between the [da]-type and the [dae]-type: e.g., o-nta-nta and o-ntae-nta ``... says ... is coming.`` On the other hand, some expressions like ka-ntae can only be realized as the [dae]-type. The main purpose of this paper is to account for these [dae]-type expressions. First, we assume that they have an inaudible/invisible quotation verb φ-, which takes as its complement a verb phrase with a neutral speech-level ending. This quotation verb is derived from the quotation verb ha-. Second, we assume that the quotation verbs φ- and ha- have the [j] sound as their stem-final element, which means that these verbs are actually represented as φ-j- and ha-j-, respectively. In this system, the [tae]-type expressions come out naturally from the behavior of the [j] sound. We do not employ any ad hoc phonological rules to derive the [dae]-type expressions from the corresponding [da]-type expressions. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

호응 부사어 구문 분석

채희락(Hee-Rahk Chae) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2004 언어학 Vol.0 No.38

한국어 [... V ... V] 표현의 종합적 통사 분석 Ⅱ

채희락(Chae, Hee-Rahk) 한국언어학회 2015 언어 Vol.40 No.4

This paper is an attempt to achieve the goal of providing a comprehensive analysis of Korean [... V₁ ... V₂] expressions. Under the assumption that these expressions can be divided into auxiliary predicate constructions, converb/adverbial constructions (CCs) and idiomatic constructions, we focus on the analysis of CCs in this paper. CCs constitute a type of modifier-modified constructions: The unit containing V1 has an adverbial function of modifying the unit containing V2. Compared with serial verb approaches, we could provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of relevant data. As there are no morphological/syntactic criteria to define a set of data as serial verb constructions in Korean, scholars set up a variety of different sets of data as their assumed serial verb constructions. While providing our analysis of CCs, under the spirit of mono-stratal approaches, we have looked at the nature of various types of gaps. By recognizing the existence of “inferential gaps” we could explicate the status of explicit NP objects in CCs. Within our system, we could also provide a proper analysis of the connective -ko, which shows several different meanings/functions.

동명사 구문 분석 : 명사 핵을 가진 명사구

채희락 ( Hee Rahk Chae ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2003 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.31

동명사 구문은 명사적 특성과 동사적 특성을 동시에 가지고 있기 때문에 분석하기에 상당히 까다로운 구문이다. 기존의 분석에서는 대부분이 공범주나 다른 특수한 문법 범주 혹은 문법 장치를 도입하고 있지만, 모두 그 타당성이 부족하다고 할 수 있다 이 논문의 목적은 “인텍스 구구조문법”의 틀 내에서 동명사 구문에 대한 새로운 분석을 제공하는 것이다. 이 분석에서 영어의 “동명사화소” ‘-ing’는 단어내 적 요소이지만, 한국어의 동명사화소 ‘-음’은 동사나 동사구에 붙을 수 있는 “의사 어(clitics)"로 분석된다. 그래서 영어의 ‘V-ing’는 하나의 단어로 어휘부에 나열되어 있는 단위이지만 한국어의 ‘V-음’은 구로 통사부에서 형성된다. 영어의 동명사는 어근 동사의 보충어를 값으로 취하는 LICENSOR 자질을 가지고 있으며, 한국어의 동명사구는 ‘-음’이 동사나 동사구와 결합할 때 이들이 가지고 있는 보충어를 값으로 취하는 LICENSOR 자질을 가지게 된다. 이 자질을 통해 동명사나 동명사구는 비록 품사상으로는 명사/명사구이지만 해당 동사가 요구하는 보충어를 허가하는 성질을 가지게 된다 이처럼 여기서는 특수 문법 범주나 장치를 도입하지 않고서도 동명사의 명사적 특성과 통사적 특성을 잘 설명할 수 있다. 동명사의 품사를 명사로 분석했기 때문에 명사적 성질을 자연스럽게 포착할 수 있으며, LICENSOR 자질을 통해 동사적 특성도 효과적으로 파악할 수 있게 되었다.

조기 영어 교육 관련 논쟁: 이론, 현황 및 방향성

이하원 ( Ha Won Lee ),채희락 ( Hee Rahk Chae ) 대한언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.19 No.3

This study examines whether the age variable is as important as is generally assumed in learning English. In addition, it explores the reasons why previous studies regarding early English education (EEE) are sharply divided into two opposite groups: those for EEE and those against EEE. After examining a variety of studies on Critical Period Hypothesis, we came to the conclusion that the hypothesis does not hold in learning the second language. That is, we can say that early exposure to English itself does not have a special advantage in learning the language, especially in a place of an EFL context. We would have to focus more on such variables as the degree of cognitive development and the amount and intensity of exposure to the input language. The sharp divisions of research results are caused by research focus differences, uncontrolled samples, mixing of ESL and EFL situations, and errors in research methods.

개인별 맞춤형 훈련이 가능한 영어 리스닝 학습 시스템

유정호 ( Jungho Yoo ),채희락 ( Hee-rahk Chae ),이찬종 ( Chan-jong Lee ),김상철 ( Sangchul Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2006 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

한국인들에게 영어 리스닝이 쉽지 않은 주요 이유 중의 하나는 모국어인 한국어의 간섭 현상 때문이다. 한국인이 영어의 발음 체계를 학습할 때 생길 수 있는 오류는 양국 언어의 음소 체계의 차이, 발음 규칙의 차이, 운율 구조의 차이 등에 기인한다. 본 논문에서는 이런 차이를 언어학적 이론을 바탕으로 유형들로 정의하고, 사용자 개인이 특히 약한 유형들을 우선적으로 학습하도록 하는 리스닝 훈련시스템을 제안한다. 우리의 조사에 의하면, 한국어와 영어의 언어적 특징을 감안하여 개별학습을 효과적으로 가능하게 하는 영어 리스닝 시스템은 존재하지 않는다.