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정혜선,홍성근,김경미,홍상숙,이경원,종연섭 대한진단검사의학회 2015 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.35 No.2
Emerging resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) poses a serious threat to the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. We determined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of acquired SXT resistance in recent clinical S. maltophilia isolates obtained from Korea. A total of 252 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia were collected from 10 university hospitals in Korea between 2009 and 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by using the CLSI agar dilution method. The sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes, integrons, insertion sequence common region (ISCR) elements, and dfrA genes were detected using PCR. The presence of the sul1 gene and integrons was confirmed through sequence analysis. Among the 32 SXT-resistant isolates, sul1 was detected in 23 isolates (72%), all of which demonstrated high-level resistance (≥64 mg/L) to SXT. The sul1 gene (varying in size and structure) was linked to class 1 integrons in 15 of the 23 isolates (65%) harboring this gene. None of the SXT-susceptible isolates or the SXT-resistant isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 and 8 mg/L were positive for sul1. Moreover, the sul2, sul3, and dfrA genes or the ISCR elements were not detected. The sul1 gene may play an important role in the high-level SXT resistance observed in S. maltophilia.
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정혜선,이양순,박은석,이동석,하은진,김명숙,용동은,정석훈,이경원,종연섭 대한임상미생물학회 2014 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.17 No.2
Background: Acinetobacter spp. is an important no- socomial pathogen for which increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has been observed. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a teaching hospital in Korea started to increase in 2008. The aim of this study was to determine the source of pathogen spread and to characterize the emerging strains at an early stage of outbreak. Methods: Samples from respiratory instruments and fomites in the ICUs, as well as from the healthcare workers, were cultured to identify the sources of MDR Acinetobacter spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the CLSI disk diffusion method. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was per- formed for clinical and environmental isolates in or- der to determine clonality. Carbapenemase genes were detected by multiplex PCR. Infection control measures including peer-monitoring of hand washing, environmental cleaning and standard precautions were enforced. Results: Among the samples from the ICU tools (105)and healthcare worker’s hands (44), 31 (30%) and 2 (5%) respective samples yielded MDR Acinetobacter spp. Among the environmental samples, 90% were from respiratory-related equipment. The majority of clinical and environmental MDR Acinetobacter spp. (44/55) belonged to the pulsotype A. baumannii and carried both blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-23-like genes. Even though infection-control measures were enforced, prevalence of MDR Acinetobacter spp. continues to increase. Conclusion: An outbreak of MDR Acinetobacter spp. in a Korean hospital was caused by A. baumannii carrying the blaOXA-23-gene and was correlated with contaminated respiratory-related instruments in the ICUs. More intensive measures for nosocomial in- fection control are needed for successful prevention of Acinetobacter spread in hospitals. (Ann Clin Microbiol 2014;17:29-34)
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