개집합 , 폐집합과 L 집합의 관계

정지호 한국수학교육학회 1974 수학교육 Vol.13 No.1

四川 井鹽業經營의 股빈讓渡를 둘러싼 分爭 및 處理

정지호 경희사학회 2006 경희사학 Vol.24 No.-

원형 패턴 벡터를 이용한 인쇄체 한글 인식

정지호,최태영,Jeong, Ji-Ho,Choe, Tae-Yeong 대한전자공학회 2001 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.38 No.3

본 논문에서는 단일 글꼴에 의존하는 원형 패턴 벡터(circular pattern vectors)를 이용하여 위치 이동, 크기 변화 그리고 회전에 무관한 새로운 인쇄체 한글 인식 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 2진 형태론(binary morphology)을 이용하여 입력 문자에 존재하는 잡음(noise)을 제거한 후, 원형 패턴벡터를 추출한다. 추출된 원형 패턴 벡터는 주어진 문자의 무게 중심을 원의 중심으로 하여 그린 여러 원주 상에 위치한 공간적인 분포 값을 나타내는 것이다. 마지막으로, 실험 문자는 기준 원형 패턴 벡터와 실험 원형 패턴 벡터간의 거리가 최소가 되는 기준 문자로 인식하게 된다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해, 크기 변화와 회전 변형이 있는 완성형 바탕체 한글 2,350자를 대상으로 모의 실험을 수행하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 기존의 고리 투영 알고리즘보다 크기 변화와 회전 변형이 있는 한글 인식에 있어서 우수함을 보였다. This thesis deals with a novel font-dependent Hangul recognition algorithm invariant to position translation, scaling, and rotation using circular pattern vectors. The proposed algorithm removes noise from input letters using binary morphology and generates the circular pattern vectors. The generated circular pattern vectors represent spatial distributions on several concentric circles from the center of gravity in a given letter. Then the algorithm selects the letter minimizing the distance between the reference vectors and the generated circular pattern vectors. In order to estimate performances of the proposed algorithm, the completed Batang Hangul 2,350 letters were used as test images with scaling and rotational transformations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm are better than conventional algorithm using the ring projection in the recognition rates of Hangul letters with scaling and rotational transformation.

고려 , 조선시대의 수학과 사회

정지호 한국수학교육학회 1986 수학교육 Vol.24 No.2

Though the tradition of Korean mathematics since the ancient time up to the "Enlightenment Period" in the late 19th century had been under the influence of the Chinese mathematics, it strove to develop its own independent of Chinese. However, the fact that it couldn't succeed to form the independent Korean mathematics in spite of many chances under the reign of Kings Sejong, Youngjo, and Joungjo was mainly due to the use of Chinese characters by Koreans. Han-gul (Korean characters) invented by King Sejong had not been used widely as it was called and despised Un-mun and Koreans still used Chinese characters as the only "true letters" (Jin-suh). The correlation between characters and culture was such that, if Koreans used Han-gul as their official letters, we may have different picture of Korean mathematics. It is quite interesting to note that the mathematics in the "Enlightenment Period" changed rather smoothly into the Western mathematics at the time when Han-gul was used officially with Chinese characters. In Koryo, the mathematics existed only as a part of the Confucian refinement, not as the object of sincere study. The mathematics in Koryo inherited that of the Unified Shilla without any remarkable development of its own, and the mathematicians were the Inner Officials isolated from the outside world who maintained their positions as specialists amid the turbulence of political changes. They formed a kind of Guild, their posts becoming patrimony. The mathematics in Koryo significant in that they paved the way for that of Chosun through a few books of mathematics such as "Sanhak-Kyemong", "Yanghwi-Sanpup" and "Sangmyung-Sanpup". King Sejong was quite phenomenal in his policy of promotion of mathematics. King himself was deeply interested in the study, creating an atmosphere in which all the high ranking officials and scholars highly valued mathematics. The sudden development of mathematic culture was mainly due to the personality and capacity of king who took any one with the mathematic talent into government service regardless of his birth and against the strong opposition of the conservative officials. However, King's view of mathematics never resulted in the true development of mathematics per se and he used it only as an official technique in the tradition way. Korean mathematics in King Sejong's reign was based upon both the natural philosophy in China and the unique geo-political reality of Korean peninsula. The reason why the mathematic culture failed to develop continually against those social background was that the mathematicians were not allowed to play the vital role in that culture, they being only the instrument for the personality or politics of the king. While the learned scholar class sometimes played the important role for the development of the mathematic culture, they often as not became an adamant barrier to it. As the society in Chosum needed the function of mathematics acutely, the mathematicians formed the settled class called Jung-in (Middle-Man), Jung-in was a unique class in Chosun and we can't find its equivalent in China or Japan. These Jung-in mathematician officials lacked tendency to publish their study, since their society was strictly exclusive and their knowledge was very limited. Though they were relatively low class, these mathematicians played very important role in Chosun society. In "Sil-Hak (the Practical Learning) period" which began in the late 16th century, especially in the reigns of Kings Youngjo and Jungjo, which was called the Renaissance of Chosun, the ambitious policy for the development of science and technology called for, the rapid increase of the number of such technocrats as mathematics, astronomy and medicine. Amid these social changes, the Jung-in mathematicians inevitably became quite ambitious and proud. They tried to explore deeply into mathematics per se beyond the narrow limit of knowledge required for their office. Thus, in this period the mathematics developed rapidly, undergoing very important changes. The characteristic features of the mathematics in this period were: Jung-in mathematicians' active study an publication, the mathematic studies by the renowned scholars of Sil-Hak, joint works by these two classes, their approach to the Western mathematics and their effort to develop Korean mathematics. Toward the "Enlightenment Period" in the late 19th century, the Western mathematics experienced great difficulty to take its roots in the Peninsula which had been under the strong influence of Confucian ideology and traditional Korean mathematic system. However, with King Kojong's ordinance in 1895, the traditional Korean mathematics influenced by Chinese disappeared from the history of Korean mathematics, as the school system was changed into the Western style and the Western mathematics was adopted as the only mathematics to be taught at the Schools of various levels. Thus the "Enlightenment Period" is the period in which Korean mathematics shifted from Chinese into European.

傳統中國 合?의 債務負擔에 관한 商事慣行―近代法律과의 충돌을 중심으로―

鄭址鎬 동양사학회 2002 東洋史學硏究 Vol.79 No.-

近代 中國 會社企業의 經營構造 ― 137개사 定款분석을 중심으로 ―

정지호 한국중국학회 2012 중국학보 Vol.65 No.-

Despite extreme importance in the role of companies in economic development of modern China,there had not been many studies that quantitatively analyzed management structure of such companies. Accordingly, characteristics of management structure were analyzed in this study using large number of articles of association in China, while focusing on ‘公司律’ (Gongsilu) and ‘公司條例’ (Gongsitiaoli). Analysis results can be briefly summarized as follows. First looking at existence of general meeting of stockholders as the highest decision making body of corporations, majority of companies have regulations on general meeting of stockholders, whether they only mention regular meeting or regular and temporary meetings together. Considering the fact that even ambiguous cases showed traces on general meeting of stockholders, general meeting of stockholders in China can be seen as ‘democratically' organized in relative terms based on corporate laws. Especially,general meeting of stockholders performs an extremely important role in determining important matters for companies, such as expansion of capital size and modification of management principles. If so, who is the majority rule conducted at general meetings? Method of exercising voting rights is an important issue for stockholders. Methods can be classified into (1) 1 vote per stock, (2) majority stockholder method, (3) minority stockholder method, (4) majority and minority stockholder method, and (5) no regulation. Overall difference among different methods is not large, and there had been many cases in which regulation on voting rights was modified depending on management conditions of companies. With a minute trend of placing importance on moral equality, companies are slowly transforming into management systems based on capital equality principle. However, voting right entrustment system is not developed as much. Since majority of companies limit entrustment of voting rights to stockholders of corresponding company, individual rights as stockholders are still not completely objectified and rely strongly on individual character. Board of directors is a body composed of executives that supervises management of company and hold general meeting of stockholders. Most of companies configure their board of directors by selecting members through election during general meetings (show of hands or secret ballot). Size of board was found to range between 3 and 15, proportional to capital size of the company. In contrast, minimum investment required on directors was not proportional to capital size. Ratio of investment by directors was not very high when compared to overall capital value. Chief executive officer, an individual with actual responsibility for corporate management, was elected using diverse methods. Different methods include (1) board of directors as chief executive officer, (2) chief executive officer elected at general meetings along with members of the board, (3) chief executive officer invited by the board or initiator from stockholders or external body, and (4) dispatch of specific person. Election at general meetings was most widely used. Chief executive officers had relatively guaranteed status compared to directors because many of them had long or no term in office. Chief executive officers have strong authorities on general corporate management and exclusive control over appointment and dismissal of executives. Articles of association for modern Chinese companies were analyzed in this study to examine characteristics of management structure. However, since articles of association do not directly reflect actual management structure of companies, future studies shall examine actual conditions of management structure more clearly through analysis on actual examples and cases.

淸代 身股의 성격 - 상공업 노동형태의 일고찰 -

정지호 경희사학회 2001 경희사학 Vol.23 No.-

청대 사천 감업계약문서를 통해 본 합고경영 - 착정공정을 중심으로 -

정지호 동양학연구학회 1997 동양학연구 Vol.3 No.-

High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy for the Classification of Beer

정지호,조성진,김용애 대한화학회 2017 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.38 No.4

High-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has many applications in the analysis of food and beverage products, especially in combination with multivariate analysis. Most studies have focused on the composition, raw materials, geographical origin, and quality control of these products. Since the1H NMR spectrum of beer contains huge water and ethanol resonances with higher signal intensities of them than those of the compounds of interest, it becomes problematic to assign a spectrum. So, these obstacles must be overcome in order to define chemical components in beer and to analyze or obtain meaningful data. In this paper, we will analyze the 1H NMR spectra of different lagers and ales with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The results of multivariate analysis of 1H NMR spectra of lyophilized and raw samples obtained using a standard solvent suppression pulse program are compared and discussed for more exact technique as an informative quality control tool.

개화기의 한국수학교육

정지호,심희보 한국수학사학회 1987 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.4 No.1