에틸포메이트의 하우스 농작물 훈증처리 후 토양 및 작물 중 잔류양상

전황주,김경남,김채은,조예린,권태형,이병호,이성은 한국환경생물학회 2022 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Ethyl formate (EF) is a potent fumigant replacing methyl bromide. The use of EF is limited to a quarantine process. Appling EF to agricultural field as a safe insecticide in greenhouse give us valuable benefits including less residual concern. In this regard, residual pattern after EF fumigation in greenhouse should be undertaken. In the previous study, we have established agricultural control concentration of EF to control pests in a greenhouse. EF was fumigated at 5 g m-3 level for 2 h. The concentration of EF inside a greenhouse was analyzed to be 4.1-4.3 g m-3 at 30 min after fumigation. To prepare an analytical method for residues in cucumber crops and soil in the greenhouse, the limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 100 ng g-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method was 300 ng g-1. R2 values of calibration curves for crops and soil were 0.991-0.997. In samples collected immediately after ventilation, EF concentration was determined to be below LOQ level. In addition, EF level was below LOQ in samples collected at 3 h after ventilation except that leaf samples of melon during the flowering period showed a level of 1,068.9 ng g-1. Taken together, these results indicate that EF used in quarantine can be applied to agricultural fields without residual issue as an effective fumigant for insect pest control. 본 연구는 비닐하우스로 대표되는 시설농업에서의 효과적이고 효율적인 해충방제를 위해 수입 농산물의 검역단계에서 사용되고 있는 훈증물질 중 하나인 에틸포메이트를 적용하여 박과작물인 수박, 멜론, 애호박에 훈증처리 후 작물 및 토양에의 잔류양상을 연구하였다. 이전 연구를 통하여 해충방제에 효과적인 에틸포메이트의 농업적 방제농도를 설정하였으며, 밀폐된 비닐하우스에서 농업적 방제농도의 에틸포메이트를 2시간 동안 훈증처리하였으며 훈증처리 이후 하우스를 완전개방하여 환기를 실시하였다. 훈증처리 30분 후 하우스 내의 에틸포메이트 농도는 4.1~4.3 g m-3로 균일한 농도로 훈증처리가 잘 되었다. 박과작물 및 하우스 내 토양의 잔류분석을 위한 분석법 작성을 위해 표준품을 이용하여 검량선을 작성한 결과 헤드스페이스 샘플러-가스크로마토그래피 기기의 LOD는 100 ng g-1 수준이었으며, LOQ는 300 ng g-1 수준이었다. 각 작물별 및 토양의 검량선의 R2 값은 0.991~0.997의 수준으로 양호하였다. 환기 후 바로 채취한 시료에서는 모두 검출되지 않았거나 LOQ 이하의 수준으로 검출되었으며, 환기 후 3시간 이후의 시료에서는 개화기의 멜론에서만 1,068.9 ng g-1의 에틸포메이트가 검출되었다. 검출된 잔류량의 양상을 종합하여 보았을 때, 환기 직후의 시료에서 검출된 양이 환기 후 3시간 경과된 시료보다 낮은 잔류양상을 보였다. 이는 분석 과정에 걸리는 시간차에 의한 실험적 한계에 의한 결과라 할 수 있다. 따라서 이후의 에틸포메이트의 잔류량 분석 연구에 있어 빠른 분해양상을 주된 변화요인으로 고려하여 연구를 진행할 필요성이 요구된다. 위 연구결과를 토대로 하여 검역분야에서 사용중인 에틸포메이트를 농업분야에 적용하여 잔류에 대한 걱정이 없으며, 해충방제에 효과적인 훈증제로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

길초근 (Valeriana fauriei Briquet) 및 양강근 (Alpinia galangal Swartz) 정유의 유제 및 입제제형의 잉어 (Cyprinus carpio)에 대한 급성독성

전황주,김경남,김용찬,이성은 한국환경생물학회 2018 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.36 No.4

In this study, two essential oils (EOs) extracted from Aleriana fauriei and Alpinia galangal were formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a granule. In the evaluation of their acute toxicity on fishes, Cyprinus carpio adults were used and the toxicities were determined in a static condition. The formulations were prepared from the essential oil extracted by three different methods namely steam distillation (SD), solvent extraction (SE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The acute toxicities were calculated using LC50 values. Among EOs, only the EO extracted by solvent showed acute toxicities on carps. Some of the EC, EOs of Aleriana fauriei did not exhibit toxicity, while EOs from Alpinia galangal showed potent acute toxicities on carps. Among the granules, granules formulated with Aleriana fauriei EO extracted by SD method and Alpinia galangal EO extracted by SFE method showed acute toxicities on fishes. Nevertheless, LC50 of ECs and granules formulated with all types of EOs in this study was higher than the fish toxicity level III for pesticides suggested by Korea Rural Development Administration. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 1A and glutathione S-transferase were confirmed as biomarkers in carps in response to the exposure to Alpinia galangal EO extracted by SD and SFE method, tracking Alpinia galangal EO in the aquatic environment. 길초근 및 양강근정유를 유제 및 입제로 제형화한 후 이들의 급성어독성을 측정하였다. 잉어를 이용한 급성독성에 사용된 길초근 및 양강근 정유는 수증기증류법, 핵산을 이용한 용매추출법 및 초임계추출법을 이용하여 추출하였고 이들의 유제 및 입제의 급성어독성은 반수치사농도 (LC50)를 구하여 평가하였다. 길초근 및 양강근 원제 중 용매추출법으로 추출한 정유만이 어독성을 나타내었다. 길초근 및 양강근 추출법별 정유 이용한 유제의 급성어독성 평가한 결과 길초근의 경우 모든 추출법 대하여 독성을 나타내지 않은 반면에 양강근 정유는 추출법에 관계없이 모두 잉어에 대한 어독성이 관측되었다. 입제의 경우 길초근은 용매로 추출한 정유에서 독성이 나타났고, 양강근 정유의 경우 초임계추출법으로 추출한 정유 입제에서만 어독성이 관측되었다. 이러한 결과는 3급 어독성에 해당되는 것으로 환경 중 사용에는 문제가 없다고 사료된다. 살충효과가 뛰어난 양강근 정유의 경우 수증기증류법 및 초임계추출법으로 추출한 정유의 10 mg L-1 수준에서 노출된 잉어의 분자적 반응을 확인하여 cytochrome P450 1A 효소 및 glutathione S-transferase의 발현이 급격히 증가하였음을 확인하였고 이들은 수계환경 중 양강근 정유의 동태를 관찰하는 바이오마커로서 사용 가능하다고 사료된다.

Naturally occurring Piper plant amides potential in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries: perspectives of piperine and piperlongumine

전황주,김경남,김용득,이성은 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.6

Piperaceae plants consist of about 3600 species, of which about 2000 are Piper plants. Their habitat is distributed across pantropical regions. The representative plant is Piper nigrum, known as black pepper. These plants have been widely used in folk medicine in Korean traditional medicine. This review collected papers identifying and separating the amides obtained from these Piper plants, with a focus on Piper amides potential to control the production and growth of fungal strains that cause plant disease and their insecticidal properties against agricultural pests. Piper amide benefits include antiaflatoxigenic activities, antiparasitic activities, anticancer properties, antiplatelet activities, and anti-inflammatory activities, among other therapeutic properties for the treatment of human diseases. In addition, this review paper provides a total synthesis study on the mass production of Piper amides and their derivatives, with a formulation study for industrial use. This review paper is designed to help inform future studies on Piper amide applications.

Antimelanogenic activities of piperlongumine derived from Piper longum on murine B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo: its molecular mode of depigmenting action

전황주,김경남,김용득,이성은 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.5

In this study, the antimelanogenic activity of piperlongumine in murine B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish was investigated, and its mode of antimelanogenic action was elucidated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH, 200 nM) was used to induce melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells, and kojic acid (200 μM) was used as a positive control. Piperlongumine had no inhibitory effects on cell growth at the treated concentrations (3 and 6 μM), and it significantly reduced total melanin production. Piperlongumine decreased the expression of Mitf, Tyr, Trp-1, and Trp-2 and tyrosinase activity was also dramatically reduced by the piper amide addition under α-MSH treatment. With these findings, zebrafish embryos were used to confirm antimelanogenic activity of piperlongumine, and it showed the potent antimelanogenic activity at the concentration of 1 μM. Altogether, piperlongumine has potent antimelanogenic activity, and these results support it as a candidate for natural depigmentation agent in a cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

04 포스터 발표 : 환경 화학 분야(PC) ; PC-10 : 농경지 토양 중 PCB의 분포

전황주 ( Hwang Ju Jeon ),구본화 ( Bon Hwa Ku ),남태훈 ( Tae Hun Nam ),김용찬 ( Yong Chan Kim ),이지형 ( Ji Hyoung Lee ),최재일 ( Jae Il Choi ),이성은 ( Sung Eun Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2015 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds are persistent and hazardous to the environment. They are frequently found in industrial areas because their uses were bound to industrial purposes. However, it has been reported that PCBs can be translocated to agricultural soils via various ways. Therefore, PCBs are also found in agricultural foods including crops. PBCBs are consisted of 209 congeners and analyzed by GC-ECD, GC-MS and HRGC-HRMS. In this study, 27 PCB congeners were used to monitor PCBs in agricultural soil samples collected in Chungcheong and Gyeonggi Provinces. Prior to analyze soil samples, method validations were undertaken to know precision, accuracy, and recovery using #209 PCB congener (DeCB1, decachlorobiphenyl) followed by a method certified Environment Protection Agency. Those validation results were acceptable and all procedures containing soxhlet extractions and column chromatography for clean-up were adopted for analysis. All soil samples were analyzed for their basic properties including soil organic contents and soil pH. All soil samples were undertaken by soxhlet extraction for 16 h. Silicagel column chromatography was employed to clean up the samples and the final eluate was evaporated and then redissolved in toluene after complete dryness. The samples were analyzed using GC-ECD. Some of PCB congeners were found in these analyses and finally needs to be confirmed by GC-Ms and HRGC-HRMS.

Toxicological evaluation of organic contaminants in aquatic system using zebrafish embryo

Hwang-Ju Jeon(전황주),Hyeseung Choe,Chaeun Kim,Sung-Eun Lee 한국농약과학회 2021 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

A threat to living organisms resulting from climate change on this planet leads to growing concern about the environment. One of these parts was Agriculture originated organic pollutants, known as a group of environmental contaminants. These contaminants cause many negative effects and even death on living organisms including aquatic vertebrates. But, many toxicological studies were still focused on their viewpoint only on the death problem. In this phenomenon, we tried to explore the possible toxicological effects of EPN on the early developmental stage of aquatic vertebrates using zebrafish embryos. In the acute toxicity test of AB strain zebrafish embryo, both pericardial and yolk sac edemas were observed at 500 ppb EPN treated group. Moreover, the presence of 250 ppb EPA makes zebrafish embryo obtain hematoma near the heart. To confirm phenotype of zebrafish more clearly, three different transgenic line were used including Tg[fli1a:EGFP], Tg[cmlc2:EGFP], and Tg[gata1:GFP]. In transgenic zebrafish, the malformation of the embryos was still observed. Especially, in the fluorescent image of Tg[cmlc2:EGFP], the formation of the heart seemed to be disturbed seriously. In the real-time qPCR data, the level of the transcripts related to early-stage heart formation, nppa, and myl7, were up and down-regulated to 2.0 and 0.26-fold respectively. In addition, the heart rate of the embryo was decreased at 250 and 500 ppb. Taking all these results together, EPN has the possibility of negative effects on the early-stage development of aquatic vertebrates including hematoma, malformation of the heart, and abnormal development of the internal circulatory system. Therefore, continuous monitoring and proper management are required.

Piperlongumine treatment impacts heart and liver development and causes developmental delay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

김유림,전황주,김채은,김경남,이성은 환경독성보건학회 2023 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2023 No.5

Monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations and distributions in rice paddy soils from Gyeonggi‑do, Ulsan, and Pohang

김이선,전황주,김용찬,양승현,최훈,김태오,이성은 한국응용생명화학회 2019 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.62 No.-

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants that are released by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials. The top soils of rice paddies were collected from Gyeonggi-do (18 sites), Ulsan (20 sites), and Pohang (19 sites) in Korea to assess the spatial distribution and potential sources of PAHs. The total concentrations of 15 PAHs in the soils were 19.53–672.93, 125.01–3106.27, and 51.94–8106.21 mg/kg in Gyeonggi province, Ulsan, and Pohang, respectively. The concentration of 7 key carcinogenic PAHs were followed the order: Pohang (38.54–4826.63 ng/g) > Ulsan (28.54–1561.39 ng/g) > Gyeonggi province (19.53–206.51 ng/g). Three-ring PAHs were predominant in the soils from Gyeonggi-do while 3–5 ring compounds were abundant in the agricultural soils from the two industrial regions (Ulsan and Pohang). The PAH isomeric diagnostic ratios indicated that PAH contamination in the two cities mainly originated from pyrogenic sources. The principal component analysis indicated that pyrogenic coal burning and residential biomass combustion were major contributors to the soil contamination in the two cities. The transportation of PAHs through the air from industrial complexes and high volume of traffic may influence the PAHs distribution in the soils of the two cities in Korea.

계피(Cinnamomum zeylanicum) 정유의 유제 및 입제의 잉어(Cyprinus carpio) 및 제브라피쉬에 대한 생태독성

남태훈,전황주,김경남,김형미,김용찬,이성은 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.61 No.2

In this study, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a granule. For the evaluation of their negative effects on the ecosystem, acute toxicities against Cyprinus carpio was determined in a static condition. The formulations were made using CEOs extracted by 3 different methods (steam distillation (SD), solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)) and were tested to obtain LC50 values. Among the ECs, EC including CEO extracted by SFE showed highest acute toxicity against C. carpio. Among the granules, a granule including CEO extracted by SD showed highest acute toxicity against C. carpio. Nevertheless, LC50 of EC and a granule formulation with CEOs was higher than toxicity level III of pesticide standardized by Korea rural development administration. These results were similar to those using zebrafishes. Chronic toxicities were not found for 45 days in zebrafishes until 500 μgL−1 level of EC formulation including CEO obtained by the SD. Based on these results, EC formulation of CEOs may be considered to be used as environmental-friendly natural insecticides in accordance with the standards. 계피정유를 유제 및 입제로 제형화한 후 이들의 생태독성을 측정하였다. 잉어를 이용한 급성독성에 사용된 계피정유는 수증기증류법, 핵산을 이용한 용매추출법 및 초임계 추출법을 이용하여 얻었고 이들의 유제 및 입제의 생태독성학적 영향은 반수치사농도(LC50)를 구하여 평가하였다. 유제 중 초임계추출법으로얻은 정유를 함유한 제형이 잉어에 대하여 가장 높은 독성을나타내었다. 입제 중 수증기 증류법으로 추출한 계피정유를 함유한 입제가 잉어에 대하여 가장 높은 급성독성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 3급 어독성에 해당되는 것으로 환경 중 사용에는 문제가 없다고 사료된다. 잉어를 이용하여 얻은 급성독성 결과와 같이 제브라피쉬를 사용하여 얻은 급성독성 결과 값들은 유사하였다. 수증기증류법으로 얻은 계피정유를 함유한 유제에 노출된 제브라피쉬를 이용한 만성독성은 45일 동안 500 mg L−1 수준에서 독성이 관측되지 않았다. 따라서, 계피정유의 유제 및입제의 급만성 어독성은 친환경제재로 사용하기에 적합한 것으로 사료된다

고수 정유를 원제로 하는 유제 제형의 잉어에 대한 급성독성

남태훈,전황주,김경남,최연서,이성은 한국환경생물학회 2016 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants possess various biological activities and have been considered as natural insecticides due to their potent insecticidal activities. In regard to develop natural insecticides, EOs are formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate and their acute toxicity against to fishes were determined in a static condition using Cyprinus carpio. Coriander EO was used as an active ingredient mixed with ethanol for solvent and various surface active agents. The tested EOs were obtained from a commercial market, and three different extractions were also undertaken to produce EO using steam distillation, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Among the emulsifiable concentrate including a commercial coriander EO, surface active agents such as Tween 80, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and mixture of SDBS and Nonidet showed acute toxicity to the fish. With the three different EO extraction, coriander EO obtained from supercritical fluids with Triton X-100 exhibited acute toxicity to C. carpio. Taken together, Tetgitol and Nondet are considered as surface active agents for the emulsifiable formulation of coriander EO.