峿堂 李象秀의 散文批評論 硏究

이향배(Hyang-Bae Lee) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.56 No.-

  This study examines the prose criticism by Sangsoo Lee. He was concerned about the deterioration of customs that respect scholars and letters caused by the unfair practice of the Goageo (State Examination). He criticized scholars who bribed sons of influential families to buy their governmental positions, and emphasized the attitude of scholars who depend on heaven"s will to enter into governmental positions after making themselves proficient.<BR>  Sangsoo Lee considered close and analytic reading important to write well. In those times, most scholars devoted themselves to studying poetry and prose to pass the Goageo so they memorized some phrases without closely reading the entire work. Thus, he presented a reading method to understand the deeper meaning of the passages because he thought it was an urgent goal to raise the level of reading. For good reading, readers must find the main purport first and then the conclusion. To find the conclusion is possible by analyses of arrangement, order, contextual connection, and organization into paragraphs. He believed that these analyses help readers to understand what meanings the authors wanted to deliver. He also thought that analytical reading was prerequisite to become a good writer.<BR>  Songsoo Lee was interested in the ancient texts as well. He classified the existing letters by "mun" and "pil" of Gogonggi, He considered Sigi of Samacheon and the ancient text of Hanyu as "pil". He argued that the scope of the ancient texts must be expanded to Byunryomun because "mun" means Daewomun. He thought he could acheive the truth through "mun." For bimun, he laid stress on "ganum" but he did not follow the old law unconditionally and pursued "bimun" that could fit to the time.<BR>  He found out the main purport, the conclusion, and descriptive techniques through the analytical examination of Hokrijon and Hoasikjon. He mostly analyzed the style and structure of the writing rather than its content to grasp what Samacheon"s intention was and what style he was using. This task needs critical perspectives towards writing and insights as a writer.

전통시대(傳統時代) 조석(潮汐)에 대한 변증 연구

이향배 ( Lee Hyang Bae ) 한국동양예술학회 2020 동양예술 Vol.49 No.-

본고는 전통시대에 제기된 조석에 대한 변증 자료를 정리한 다음 조석설에 대한 논리를 유형별로 나누어 분석하였다. 이를 통해 전통시대 자연현상에 대한 논의방식을 살펴보고 어떤 과정을 통해 과학적 사고가 형성되어 갔는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 큰 범위에서 보면 전통시대 조석설은 대체적으로 세 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 땅호흡설을 중심으로 펼쳐진 우리나라 제가의 조석설을 검토하였다. 우리나라 조석에 대한 논의는 고려중기 이규보에서 시작되었다. 그는 《水經》, 盧肇의 <海潮賦>, 《佛經》등 이전의 설을 검토한 다음 노흡주의 ‘潮汐日月起因說’을 《주역》이나 渾天儀의 원리와 비교 검토하였다. 이와는 달리 김안로를 비롯하여 김득신, 한원진, 위백규 등 조선시대 지식인들은 조석이 땅의 호흡이라는 소옹의 설과 음양과 기의 작용이라는 정자의 논리, 해와는 무관하고 달과 관련지어 설명한 주자설에 기반하여 조석의 원리를 설명하였다. 둘째는 동해에 조석이 없다는 설에 대한 변증이다. 동해에 조석이 없다는 설에 대해 학자들은 그 이유를 설명하기 위해 많은 설을 제기하였다. 이항복은 물이 동쪽에 다하면 氣가 다한다고 설명하였고, 한백겸은 남북으로 통하는 氣가 좌우에 영향을 줄 수 없다는 설을 제시했다. 장유는 동해가 북해에 가깝기 때문이라는 北海說을 제시했으며, 조익은 바다에 內海와 外海가 있다는 설을 내세워 동해가 외해에 속하기 때문에 조석이 없다고 주장했다. 송규렴과 권헌은 地勢 때문이라고 해석했으며 송병선은 북해설에 동조하였다. 이처럼 동해에 조석이 없는 이유를 다양한 상상에 기반하여 논리적으로 추론하였다. 이러한 논의는 구한말까지 전통지식인들의 대부분은 과학적 지식체계가 전혀 없었음을 확인시켜준다. 셋째는 과학적 변증에 의한 설명이다. 이는 주로 星湖 李瀷과 惠岡 崔漢綺의 조석설에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 이들은 서구의 과학에 대한 해박한 지식을 갖추고 있었으며 지동설에 입각하여 지구와 달과 태양의 관계를 정확하게 이해하고 있었다. 이와 같이 서구의 과학적 지식체계로 조석에 대한 설명을 체계적이고 상세하게 기술하고 있다. 이는 바다에 일어나는 자연현상을 근대과학으로 해석하는 최초의 사례라고 볼 수 있다. 이처럼 조석설은 전통지식인들의 자연과학 지식체계와 바다에서 일어나는 자연 현상에 대해 이해 방식을 잘 보여주고 있다. In this paper, I analyzed the logic of the theory of tide by categories after compiling dialectical data which were raised in the traditional era. In this process, I looked into the discussion method of natural phenomenon in traditional times and into how scientific thoughts have been formed. This results in three categories of the traditional theory of tide in general. First, I reviewed the theory of tide by several virtuous scholars in our country focused on the theory of earth-breath. Discussion of the theory of tide was begun by Lee Gyu-bo in the middle period of Gyoryeo dynasty. He compared 'the theory in which tide is caused by the moon and the sun' by Nho Heup-ju with 《Juyeok周易》or the principle of < Honcheoneo 渾天儀 > after reviewing previous theories in 《Sugyeong水經》, < Haehobu海潮賦 > and 《Bulgeong佛經》etc. On the other hand, the intellectuals in the Joseon Dynasty like Kim Deuk-sin, Han Won-jin, and Wi Baek-gyu including Kim An-ro explained that the principles of the ebb and flood are based on the theory of earth-breath by So-ong, on the logic of working of yin-yang and Ghi氣 by Jeongja, and on the theory by Chu Hsi which related it to the moon, not to the sun. Second, there is a dialectics about the theory in which Dong-Hae, the East Sea is not affected by the tide. Scholars have raised lots of theories to explain the reasons for this phenomenon. Lee Hang-bok explained that Ghi氣 would be exhausted when the seawater reached to the east. Han Baek-gyeom suggested the theory that Ghi氣 passing through south and north cannot affect the right and left sides. Jang Yu suggested the theory of the North Sea 北海說 which explained that it was because the East Sea was close to the North Sea. Jo ik argued that there was no tide because the East Sea belonged to the part of the open sea while asserting the ocean had the inland sea and the open sea. Song Gyu-ryeom and Guoen Heon interpreted that it was due to the earthen energy地勢 and Song Byeon-seon agreed with the theory of North Sea. In this way, the reasons why there was no tide in the East Sea were logically inferred based on a variety of imagination. These discussions let us be confirmed that there was none of scientific system of information at all for most of traditional intellectuals until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. Third, there is an explanation according to scientific dialectics. This theory can be found mainly in the theory of tide by Seongho Lee Ik and Hyegang Choi Han-gi. They had extensive knowledge of Western science and accurate understanding of the relationship between the Earth, and the moon and the sun based upon heliocentric theory. In this way, they described the ebb and flood phenomenon in terms of scientific knowledge system in the organized and detailed manner. This seems to be the first case of interpreting natural phenomenon of the sea in a modern scientific way.

愼懼堂 李侙의 國權回復을 위한 義兵活動

이향배(Lee HyangBae) 한국인물사연구소 2011 한국인물사연구 Vol.15 No.-

「Sin Gu Dang, Lee Sik」, was a high-spirited scholar and an activist in loyal troops for the national rights in the latter era of Choson Dynasty. He was born in Cheong Yang and started studying at home at the beginning. Then he began to act on 'Wee Jung Cheok Sa' in earnest after making a relationship with 「Myeon Am, Choi Ik Hyeon」. And Lee Sik developed his own point of view on studying based on the Neo-Confucianism by Joo Ja. At that time, there were many movements and protests to recover the national rights after 'Eul Sa Neuk Yak'. So, Lee Sik built '13 Yoo Yak So' around Cheong Yang and denounced Japan's brutality to foreign diplomatic offices systematically. Also, he sent letters to 37 villages in the province and announced the real state of the government to the people to rouse them to action. After that he was arrested for his plan but he kept his chin up in front of the Japanese investigator and never broke his spirit. Later, Lee Sik joined Hong Joo loyal troop as a staff again and was banished to Dae Ma Do after being arrested. when he finished his banishment, he came back home and did many things to recover the national rights constantly such as organizing volunteer troops and delivering Ko Jong's secret letter to Lim Byong Chan for establishing 'Dok Lib Eui Goon Boo'. These are all his strong will to put his theory into practice and to fulfill his social responsibility as a descendant of a patriotic family.

소설 되짚어 읽기의 묘미 - 존 스타인벡의 『에덴의 동쪽』과 영화

이향만(Hyang Mann Lee) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2006 영미연구 Vol.15 No.-

  The situation of family is an important theme in the American East of Eden, though it has been criticized as a weak novel on account of its diffuse structure, contains one of Steinbeck"s important themes concerning ethics and human nature. And its adapted movie of Elia Kazan, as a superb film of auteurism, offers the cinematic vision to contrast the different worlds from the novel to the movie, and to reevaluate the author"s main theme, especially concentrating on the omission and traces of an oriental philosopher Lee.<BR>  It is not overstating to say that the hero of the novel is Lee who integrates all the conflicted worlds of the characters in the novel. With the philosophical Chinese servant missing, the director Kazan risks omitting the discussion of timshel . Lee may be regarded as a secondary character as an onlooker, but he represents the voice of wisdom and reason at the crucial time of the events of the story, and often articulates some of the novel’s most important themes.<BR>  The oriental philosopher has disappeared physically in the process of transference from one medium to another, but the traces of his philosophical idea and attitude toward life can be found in the transformed characters. So it can be said that the concept of Lee"s timshel in the movie is revealed not through his direct speeches but in the transformed acts of characters, especially through the changed images of Abra and Kate.

공중보건학을 수강하는 대학생의 건강증진생활 실천도

이향님 ( Hyang Nim Lee ),심형순 ( Hyung Sun Shim ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing on health promotion behaviors in public health course of college students. Methods: Subjects were 325 dental hygiene students and they completed self-reported questionnaires including health promotion behaviors, self efficacy, self esteem, and general characteristics from May 13 to 24, 2013. Students were recruited by sample convenience extraction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: Health promotion behaviors were closely related to concern for health care (p<0.001) and concern for health related goods (p<0.01). High self-efficacy and high self-esteem showed concern for health care (p<0.001). 2. Health promotion behaviors had significantly positive correlation with self efficacy, self esteem, and perceived health condition. 3. The most powerful predictor in health promotion behaviors was self efficacy. Self efficacy, self esteem, and major, concern for health-related goods, perceived health condition accounted for 40.8% of the total variance in health promotion behaviors. Conclusions: The result revealed that undergraduate students should take exercise and diet control for their health. Self-efficacy is the most important predictor of health promotion behaviors. Health promotion behavior programs should put emphasis on exercise and diet control and can be improved by behavioral change.

중학생의 학업스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 부정적 자동적 사고의 매개효과

이향종(Lee Hyang Jong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.13

본 연구는 중학생의 학업스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 부정적 자동적 사고의 매개 효과를 알아보는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구대상은 서울에 소재한 5개의 중학교에 재학 중인 남녀 중학생 중 503명을 성별, 학년별을 고려하여 임의적 방법으로 표집 하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해 SPSS/WIN 20.0을 활용하여 기술분석과 상관분석을 실시 하여 주요변수들의 특성을 파악하였다. 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하여 독립변수가 매개변수를 통해 종속변수에 미치는 영향을 파악하였고 매개효과의 유의성을 검증하기 위해 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별에서 학업스트레스는 남학생보다 여학생이 높게 나타났고 학년은 2학년, 3학년이 1학년 보다 높게 나타났다. 우울의 성별에서 남학생보다 여학생이 높게 나타났고 학년은 3학 년이 1학년, 2학년보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 독립변수인 학업스트레스와 매개변수인 부정적 자동적 사고가 종속변수인 우울에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 부정적 자동적 사고의 매개효과가 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구에 대한 의의를 제시하였고 제한점 및 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의 하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of negative automatic thinking on the relationship between academic stress and depression among middle school students. Total of 503 middle school students in 5 middle schools in Seoul were selected as subjects. Technical analysis and correlation analysis using SPSS / WIN statistical program 20.0 were carried out to identify the characteristics of major variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the parameter and the Sobel test was conducted to verify the significance of the mediator effect. The results of this study are as follows. First, the academic stress was higher among female students than among boys, and the second and third graders showed higher levels of academic stress than the first grade students. In terms of gender, female students showed higher level of depression than male students, while third grade students showed higher level of depression than first and second graders. Second, after analyzing the effect of academic stress, which is an independent variable, and negative automatic thinking, which is a dependent variable, it was found that there exists mediating effect of negative automatic thinking. Finally, implication this study is presented and limitations and further studies is discussed.

카미카제 특공대와 한국인 대원

이향철 ( Hyang Chul Lee ) 현대일본학회 2006 日本硏究論叢 Vol.24 No.-

'이다'의 범주

이향천(Hyang-cheon Lee) 사단법인 한국언어학회 1996 언어학 Vol.0 No.18

발화 스타일에 따른 한국어 모음의 변이 연구

이향원 ( Lee Hyangwon ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.32 No.-

The current study investigated the effect of speaking style on the phonetic realization of Korean monophthongs in the productions of 20 native talkers. The talkers were asked to read a paragraph out loud as if speaking to either (1) a close friend or (2) a hearing-impaired or non-native listener. Each talker read the paragraph once in both conditions. The first condition was intended to elicit casual speech and the second condition clear speech. The acoustic realization of the monophthongs in each condition was analyzed in both the temporal and spectral domains. All vowels exhibited shorter duration in the casual speech. In the spectral domain, most vowels were less dispersed in casual speech, but some vowels did not display this pattern. These results suggest that speakers strengthen the acoustic salience of vowels when they expect difficulty in language processing on the part of the listener, and conversely exhibit vowel reduction in the opposite situation.

예측력을 높이기 위한 디자이너의 맥락적 경험과 통찰력의 구성 요인에 대한 연구

이향은 ( Hyan Geun Lee ) 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.5

디자인트렌드란 우리를 둘러싼 다양한 인공물들이 변하는 모습과 이를 대하는 사람들의 생각과 마음이 어떻게 달라지고 있는가에 대한 흐름을 말한다. 디자인관점에서의 트렌드 예측력이 기업경영의 중추적 역할을 하게 됨으로써 이에 보다 직관적이고 감성을 기반으로 한 트렌드 연구의 필요성이 제기되었고, 트렌드를 예측하는데 사용자이자 소비자인 디자이너들 개개인의 심리변화 및 변화의 동인(動因)을 밝혀내는 미시적 접근을 보이고 있는 추세이다. 트렌드예측에서 시계열분석 시계열분석(time series analysis, 時系列分析)이란 시계열 데이터에 바탕을 두고 연속적인 관찰치를 토대로 미래 특정 시점의 값을 예측하는 분석 방법을 말한다. 만큼 전통적이고 중요하게 작용하는 것이 디자이너들의 직관적인 통찰력이다. 명확히 설명되지 않는 소위 ``천재적인 감각``이라는 것은 디자이너의 개인적인 경험을 바탕으로 형성된다. 경험은 여러 유형으로 나뉘며, 유형별 경험에 대한 개인적인 피드백이 일어나게 된다. 축적된 경험을 특성에 따라 요인화하고 체계화함에 따라 디자인트렌드를 만드는 영감(창의성)으로 발화시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 디자이너들의 직관적인 통찰력을 구성하는 요인을 살펴보고, 이 요인들과 개인의 경험들과의 관계를 규명하였다. 경험에 대한 선행연구의 문헌고찰과 함께 비언어?비논리적인 영역으로 간주되었던 직관력과 통찰력의 요인을 추출해내기 위해 인지심리학과 뇌과학 분야의 이론을 고찰함으로써 다학제적 분석 결과를 바탕으로 해석적 연구를 진행하였다. 트렌드 예측력에 핵심능력인 통찰력을 구성하는 요인으로 혁신성, 통합성, 세심성, 보수성 그리고 소신 이렇게 5가지를 도출해냈다. 경험이 통찰력을 만들고, 통찰력이 영감을 창출시키며, 이 일련의 과정이 트렌드 예측력으로 재구성된다. Design trend means appearance various artifacts around us are changing and stream thought and mind of people treating them are changing. A so-called genius sense which is not explained exactly is formed by designer`s individual experiences. Experiences are divided into several types and individual feedback is occurred for experiences by each type. As accumulated experiences become factors and systematized by characteristics, they can be developed to the inspiration (creativity) which makes design trend. Experiences are changed to inspiration and reflected to design. This thesis examined components of designers` intuitive insight, explained the relationship between those components and individual experiences and structurized the process improving trend forecasting ability. To achieve it, literature review for study on precedent theories of experiences were conducted. Also, research methodology of cognitive psychology and brain science was utilized to the analysis process so as to draw intuition and insight which were considered as non-verbal and non-logical area. The creativity which is a foundation of trend forecasting is to reorganize existing experiences and form new network of meaning. In addition, five things such as innovation, integration, carefulness, conservativeness and belief were drawn as factors organizing insight which is a core ability of trend forecasting. The insight is created by individual experiences and creates inspiration.