양측 내경동맥 무형성증: 증례 보고

이승로,박동우,함창곡,Lee, Seung-Ro,Park, Dong-U,Ham, Chang-Gok 대한영상의학회 2004 대한영상의학회지 Vol.50 No.1

일측성 혹은 양측성 내경동맥 무형성증은 드문 선천성 이상이며,특히 양측성인 경우는 매우드물다.저자들이 경험한 양측성 내경동맥 무형성증 1예를 자기공명영상과 자기공명혈관조영술 소견과 함께 보고하고자 한다. Unilateral or, particularly, bilateral congenital agenesis of the internal carotid artery is a rare anomaly. We report an occurrence of the condition, arising bilaterally, and report the findings of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography.

자발성 흉부 척수 탈출증:1예보고

이승로,박동우,주경빈,Lee, Seung-Ro,Park, Dong-U,Ju, Gyeong-Bin 대한영상의학회 2001 대한영상의학회지 Vol.45 No.4

자발성 흉부 척수 탈출증은 척수가 손상이나 수술적 조작의 기왕력이 없는 경막을 통해 탈출 되는 드문 질환이다.이 질환은 척수병증을 유발하는 질환 중에서 치료가 가능한 경우이나 잘 알려져 있지 않은 질환이므로 적절한 진단이 늦어지는 경우가 많다.저자들은 CT와 MR소견상 흉부 척수가 경막 결손을 통해 전측방으로 탈출되어 있었던 자발적 흉부 척수 탈출증의 증례를 경험하여 보고한다. Spontaneous herniation of the spinal cord is a rare disease entity in which spinal cord substance is herniated through a previously uninjured and/or untouched dura. It is a cause of myelopathy that is treatable but difficult to diagnose. We report the CT and MR findings of a case of spontaneous thoracic spinal cord herniation manifesting as ventrolateral protrusion of thoracic spinal cord through a dural defect.

[디젤엔진부문] CO₂가 CH₄/Air 대향류 확산 화염의 구조 및 Nox 생성 특성에 미치는 영향

이승로(Seung Ro Lee),한지웅(Ji Woong Han),이창언(Chang Eon Lee) 한국자동차공학회 1999 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.11_1

This study is to investigate the effect of CO₂ addition on the structure and NOx formation characteristics in CH₄ counterflow diffusion flame. The effect of CO₂ addition is examined as thennodynamic and chemical reaction effect respectively by introducing the imaginary nonreactive molecule X, whose characteristics is the same as CO₂ except reactiveness. The results show that. In changing flame temperature, the strain rate effect is dominant at high strain rate, but radiation heat loss effect is dominant at low strain rate. This effect are intensified when CO₂ is added. This change is attributed mainly to thermodynamic effect. But partly to chemical reaction effect, which is caused by CO₂ intervention of oxidation. As a result of chemical reaction effect, production rate of CH is reduced and so the N, HCN, which are the sources of prompt NOx, and thus NOx concentration is decreased. But NOx reduction is mainly due to thermodynamic effect of CO₂

삼차원 회전혈관영상을 이용한 정상 두개내혈관 직경의 측정

한문희,이승로,함창곡,장기현,Han, Mun-Hui,Lee, Seung-Ro,Ham, Chang-Gok,Jang, Gi-Hyeon 대한영상의학회 2004 대한영상의학회지 Vol.50 No.2

목적: 삼차원 회전혈관영상을 이용하여 성별과 연령군에 따른 정상 두개내혈관 직경의 분포를 파악하였다. 대상과 방법: 정상으로 추정되는 두개내혈관 177예(125명)를 대상으로 하였다. 회전혈관조영술 후 재구성한 삼차원 혈관영상에서, 내경동맥 4부위(해면동분절, 안동맥부위, 상상부위, 원위 내경동맥부위)와 중뇌동맥 2부위(근위부, 원위부), 그리고 전뇌동맥 1부위(중간부) 순으로 각각의 직경을 측정하고 성별, 연령군별(<30세, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60$\leq$) 평균을 구하였다. 각 부위에서 성별에 따른 차이 및 중뇌동맥에서 연령층간(저령층<50세, 고령층$\geq$50세) 직경의 차이를 분석하였다. 결과: 성별, 부위별 직경의 평균치는 다음과 같다: 남자(mean$\pm$SD); 4.61$\pm$0.69, 3.96$\pm$0.60, 3.48$\pm$0.45, 3.61$\pm$0.50, 2.44$\pm$0.32, 2.44$\pm$0.37, 1.81$\pm$0.32, 여자; 4.29$\pm$0.57, 3.83$\pm$0.56, 3.37$\pm$0.56, 3.52$\pm$0.48, 2.32$\pm$0.37, 2.30$\pm$0.36, 1.76$\pm$0.34. 성별 차이는 40대에서 분명하였고, 전뇌동맥을 제외한 6부위에서 남자가 여자에 비해 유의하게 크거나(내경동맥 4 지점과 원위부 중뇌동맥) 큰 경향(근위부 중뇌동맥)을 보였다. 중뇌동맥 근위부 직경은 남자 고령층(2.59$\pm$0.35 mm)이 저령층(2.35$\pm$0.27 mm)에 비하여 의미 있게 컸으며(p value<0.05), 여자에서는 고령층의 수치(2.38$\pm$0.37 mm)가 저령층(2.28$\pm$0.37 mm)에 비하여 큰 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(p value: 0.14). 원위부 직경은 남녀 각각에서 고령층(남자, 2.63$\pm$0.43; 여자, 2.39$\pm$0.35 mm)이 저령층(남자, 2.34$\pm$0.29; 여자, 2.21$\pm$0.34 mm)에 비하여 의미 있게 큰 수치를 보였다. 결론: 정상 두개내혈관 직경은, 성별 차이가 40대에서 분명하였고 남자가 여자에 비하여 크거나 큰 경향을 보였으며, 중뇌동맥 직경은 성별에 상관없이 고령층이 저령층에 비하여 의미있게 크거나 큰 경향을 나타내었다. 고령층의 중뇌동맥 근위부 직경은 남자가 2.59$\pm$0.35 mm, 여자가 2.38$\pm$0.37 mm이었고, 원위부 직경은 남자가 2.63$\pm$0.43 mm, 여자가 2.39$\pm$0.35 mm 이었다. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of normal intracranial artery diameter according to sex and age, using three-dimensional reconstruction rotational angiography. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty-five adults with normal intracranial arteries who underwent 3D rotational angiography (n=177) were included in this study. The arterial diameter was measured at four sites of the internal carotid artery (cavernous, paraophthalmic, supraclinoid, and distal), that of the middle cerebral artery at two (proximal and distal), and that of the anterior cerebral artery at one (middle). For each sex and age group (<30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, $\geq$60 years), the mean diameter of the artery at these seven sites was calculated, and differences analysed. In addition, the middle cerebral artery diameter was compared between a younger group (<50 years) and an older group ($\geq$50 years). Results: The mean diameter at each site for each sex was as follows: male (mean${\pm}$SD): 4.61${\pm}$0.69, 3.96${\pm}$0.60, 3.48${\pm}$0.45, 3.61${\pm}$0.50, 2.44${\pm}$0.32, 2.44${\pm}$0.37, 1.81${\pm}$0.32; female: 4.29${\pm}$0.57, 3.83${\pm}$0.56, 3.37${\pm}$0.56, 3.52${\pm}$0.48, 2.32${\pm}$0.37, 2.30${\pm}$0.36, 1.76${\pm}$0.34. For those in their 40s, the diameter at five sites (all four sites of the internal cerebral artery and a distal middle cerebral artery) was significantly greater in males than in females. For other age groups, however, the difference between the sexes was absent, or was significant at only one (cavernous internal cerebral artery for those in their 30s) or two (proximal and distal middle cerebral artery for those in their 50s) of the seven sites. In the older age group, the diameter of the proximal middle cerbral artery was 2.59${\pm}$0.35 mm in males and 2.38${\pm}$0.37 mm in females. For the distal middle cerebral artery, the corresponding figures were 2.63${\pm}$0.43 and 2.39${\pm}$0.35 mm, respectively. For both sexes, the differences between the two age groups were significant. Conclusion: For those in their 40s, the normal diameter of the intracranial artery at most arterial sites was significantly greater in males than in females. The normal diameter of the middle cerebral artery was significantly greater or tended to be greater among the older group than the younger group (for males and females, respectively, 2.59${\pm}$0.35 mm and 2.38${\pm}$0.37 mm at the proxinal site, and 2.63${\pm}$0.43 mm and 2.39${\pm}$0.35 mm at the distal site).

삼차원 회전혈관영상에서 발생하는 영상 왜곡 요인에 대한 모형연구

한문희,이승로,함창곡,김희찬,장기현,Han, Mun-Hui,Lee, Seung-Ro,Ham, Chang-Gok,Kim, Hui-Chan,Jang, Gi-Hyeon 대한영상의학회 2004 대한영상의학회지 Vol.50 No.3

목적: 모형 연구를 통하여 삼차원 회전혈관영상의 영상왜곡과 관련 있는 요인을 규명하고 삼차원 영상에 적합한 조영제 농도를 밝히고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 네가지 모형(1. 교차금속막대, 2. 단금속막대, 3. 단조영제막대, 4. 수중조영제막대: 300, 250, 200, 150 Img/ml 농도)을 제작하여 C-arm의 회전면, 직교면(회전면과 90$^{\circ}$), 중간면(45$^{\circ}$), 근접회전(20$^{\circ}$), 근접직교면(70$^{\circ}$)에서 회전조영술을 시행하고, 삼차원 영상을 만들었다(삼차원 회전조영술). 각 평면에서 얻은 삼차원 영상은 두 명의 신경방사선의사에 의해 직교면에 있는 막대 영상과 비교하여 음영도, 균질도, 그리고 경계의 명확도를 등급화(저$.$중$.$고등급)하여 화질을 평가하였다. 영상영역의 부위별 왜곡을 평가하기 위하여 단금속막대 직교면, 근접직교면, 그리고 중간면 영상의 중심부, 중간부, 변연부의 절단면 영상을 평가하고, 직경(수직 및 수평)을 측정하여 차이를 분석하였다. 결과: 네 가지 모형의 삼차원 영상은 근접직교면과 중간면에서 직교면과 차이가 없이 모두 고등급의 화질을 보였으나 회전면과 근접회전면에서 모든 모형은 화질이 저하되었고, 특히 금속모형의 회전면 영상은 세가지 항목에서 모두 저등급이었다. 금속막대에 비하여 조영제막대가 그리고 300과 150 농도에 비하여 200과 250 농도가 등급이 더욱 높은 경향을 보였다. 단금속막대의 부위별 절단면 영상과 직경은 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 삼차원 회전조영술 영상은, 직선형의 물체가 회전면에 평행할수록 그리고 물체 고유의 X선 감쇄 정도가 심할수록, 영상 왜곡이 증가하였고, 이는 X선경화인공물과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이러한 왜곡은 조영제 농도가 200-250 Img/ml 인 경우에 가장 적었으며, 생체 외 삼차원 혈관 영상을 위한 가장 적합한 농도로 추정된다. Purpose: To determine, by means of a phantom study, the distortion-related factors and appropriate iodine concentration for three-dimensional reconstruction rotational angiography. Materials and Methods: Four phantoms were created: crossed metal rods, one metal rod, one contrast rod, and a contrast rod under water. Iodine concentrations were 300, 250, 200, and 150 Img/ml, respectively. For each phantom, rotational angiography was performed in the rotational, right-angled (90$^{\circ}$to rotational), intermedial (45$^{\circ}$), close to rotational (20$^{\circ}$), and close to right-angled (70$^{\circ}$) planes. Two-dimensional projection images were transferred to a workstation at which 3D images were produced using the volume rendering technique. Image quality in each plane was evaluated in terms of opacity, homogeneity, and margin sharpness, which were graded as low, intermediate or high by two neuroradiologists who used images obtained in the right-angled plane as the standard reference. The same assessors evaluated in terms of the same parameters, cross-sectional images obtained at the central, intermedial, and peripheral portions of one metal rod positioned in the right-angled, close to right-angled, and intermedial planes, and in order to compare the values at different sites, one neuroradiologist measured the horizontal and vertical diameters of each cut image. Results: Three-dimensional images of all four phantoms were high quality in the close to right-angled and intermedial plane, but in the rotational and close to rotational plane were degraded. In particular, metal rod images obtained in the rotational plane were poor for all three items. In these two planes, image quality was better for the contrast rod than the metal rod, and at 200 and 250 Img/ml concentrations than at 300 and 150 Img/ml concentrations. There was no significant difference in image quality, nor in measured values of the diameter between cut images. Conclusion: A three-dimensional image was more distorted when a linear object was placed at a lesser angle to the rotational plane and when inherent X-ray attenuation was greater, a finding which must be closely related to the beam-hardening artifact. Distortion was least at 200-250 Img/ml of iodine concentration, the concentration thought to be most appropriate for in-vitro 3D angiography.

고실 경화증 : 방사선학적 소견과 수술소견의 비교

문원진,박동우,이승로,성진용,송순영,함창곡,김용수,박충기,태경,Moon, Won-Jin,Park, Dong-Woo,Lee, Seung-Ro,Seong, Jin-Yong,Song, Soon-Young,Hahm, Chang-Kok,Kim, Yong-Soo,Park, Choong-Ki,Tae, Kyung 대한영상의학회 1998 대한영상의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Purpose: Tympanosclerosis is a common problem causing conductive hearing loss accompanied by chronic otitismedia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT findings of tympanosclerosis, and correlate them with thesurgical findings. Materials and Methods: The CT scans of 17 patients with surgically-proven tympanosclerosis andthose of a control group of 34 patients with nontympanosclerotic chronic otitis media were reviewed. According totheir location, they were assigned to one of three groups; tympanic membrane, epitympanum, or ossicles. Results:Tympanosclerosis was found during surgery to be located in the tympanic membrane (n=11), the epitympanum (n=6), oraround the ossicles(n=8). Calcification of the tympanic membrane, ossicular thickening, narrowing of theepitympanum and calcification of the tympanic cavity occurred to a significant extent, and were more often afeature of tympanosclerosis than of nontympanosclerotic chronic otitis media (p<0.05). As an indicater of tympanicmembrane involvement, sensitivity and specificity of calcification of the tympanic membrane were 73% and 83%,respectively. As an indicator of ossicular involvement, the corresponding figures for ossicular thickening were50% and 93% ; as an indicator of involvement of the tympanic cavity (especially the epitympanum) the figures fornarrowing of the epitympanum and calcification of the tympanic cavity were 50% and 50% (respective sensitivities),and 89% and 93%(respective specificities). Conclusion: Tympanosclerosis usually appears on CT as ossicularthickening, narrowing of the epitympanum, calcification of the tympanic membrane and/or tympanic cavity. CT isvery helpful in evaluating ossicular involvement and determining the appropriate surgical treatment oftympanosclerosis.

안면골 골절

이현,김철수,이상길,이승로,함창곡,Lee, Hyun,Kim, Chul-Soo,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Seung-Ro,Hahm, Chang-Kok 대한영상의학회 1983 대한영상의학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Tomography has played an important role in diagnosis of facial bone fracture. Nowadays, it still acts as a inevitable process in decision of adequate treatment in patient with facial bone fracture. At the Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, 74 patients who have facial bone fracture, were observed and analyzed with simple skull films, mainly skull A-P, lateral and Water's view, after comparison with tomographic findings. The results were as follows : 1. Male was in 90.5% incidence. Most frequent age distribution was 21 to 40 years and marked 62.2%. 2. Most frequent cause of trauma was traffic accident as 41 cases and the next one was fall down as 13 cases. Other cause were blunt trauma such as fist, stone, heavy metal etc. and explosion. 3. Clinical symptoms and physical signs were painful swelling, abrasion, ecchymosis and subconjuctival hemorrhage in almost all patient. 4. Fracture distribution was 22 cases in simple fracture and 52 cases in complex fractures which were 26 cases in Tripod fractures, 14 cases in Le Fort fractures and 12 cases in combined complex fractures. 5. The radioligic findings on tomography were opacity of orbit or P.N.S. 87.8%, regional soft tissue swelling 85.1%, displacement of bony fragment 56.8%, abnormal linear density in orbit or P.N.S. 48.6%, bony fragment in orbit or P.N.S. 47.3% change of size of orbit or P.N.S. 40.5%, foreign body in orbit or P.N.S. 16.2%, and others 27.0%. These radiologic findings of simple fracture were less than those of complex fracture. 6. Radiologic findings of facial bone fracture on simple films were analyzed after comparison with tomographs. Detectable possibility of obvious fracture lines such as cortical disruption or separation was 67.6% on simple films. Detectable possibility of other radiologic findings on simple films were displacement of bony fragment 86.7%, abnormal linear density in orbit or P.N.S. 88.6%, bony fragment in orbit or P.N.S. 71.4%, opacity of orbit or P.N.S. 90.8%, change of size or orbit or P.N.S. 96.4%, regional soft tissue swelling 96.2%, foreign boy in orbit or P.N.S. 41.7%. Others such as absence or deformity of infraorbital formen, subcutaneous emphysemal or infraorbital air 40.0%. Therefore tomography is inevitably taken to correct diagnosis of facial bone fracture.

퍼지-뉴럴 네트워크를 이용한 심전도 패턴 분류시스템 설계

김민수(Min-Soo Kim),이승로(Seung-Ro Lee),서희돈(Hee-Don Seo) 대한전자공학회 2002 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.6

Cu/Ni/Au 전극을 이용한 일회용 포도당 센서 개발

이영태 ( Young Tae Lee ),이승로 ( Seung Ro Lee ) 한국센서학회 2006 센서학회지 Vol.15 No.5

여가몰입을 매개로 한 여가스포츠 참가자들이 인식한 여가기능이 생활만족과 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

임범규(Im Bum-Gyu),이승로(Rhee Seung-Ro),이건희(Lee Gun-Hee) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of the study was to clarify the relationship among the sports leisure activity participant’s leisure function, leisure flow, life satisfaction and quality of life by employing a statistical data analysis method. The participants of this study were 276 male adults who took part in the sports leisure activity. Dada was collected using a survey questionnaire, with a convenience sampling method. To analyze data, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were executed by using SPSS 17.0. Also, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using Amos 7.0. To test a mediating effect, Baron & Kenny’s(1986) procedure was used. The result of this study is as follows First, leisure function had a statistically significant influence on leisure flow. Second, leisure function had a statistically significant influence on life satisfaction. Third, leisure function had a statistically significant influence on quality of life. Forth, leisure flow had a statistically significant influence on life satisfaction. Fifth, leisure flow had not a statistically significant influence on quality of life. Sixth, leisure flow was mediated the relationship between leisure function and life satisfaction. Seventh, leisure flow was not mediated the relationship between leisure function and quality of life.