Application of Testing-Tracing-Treatment Strategy in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Seoul, Korea

Park Yoojin,Huh In Sil,Lee Jaekyung,Kang Cho Ryok,조성일,Ham Hyon Jeen,Kim Hea Sook,Kim Jung-il,나백주,Lee Jin Yong,Seoul Metropolitan Government COVID-19 Rapid Response (SCoRR) Team 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.45

Background: Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, a total of 637 patients had been diagnosed with the disease in Seoul as of May 2, 2020. Our study aimed to describe the impact of the 3T strategies (preemptive testing, prompt tracing and proper treatment) on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Seoul. Methods: The descriptive and explanatory analysis was carried out on critical indicators such as epidemiological characteristics and key duration of patient status change from January 24 to May 2 in Seoul before and after preemptive testing for patients under investigation associated with COVID-19 clusters. Results: Preemptive testing increased the positive test rate (3.9% to 4.2%), an asymptomatic case at diagnosis (16.9% to 30.6%), and reduced the time from symptom onset to quarantine (4.0 to 3.0 days). Prompt tracing decreased unknown sources of infection (6.9% to 2.8%), the mean number of contacts (32.2 to 23.6), and the time-varying reproduction number R(t) (1.3 to 0.6). With proper treatment, only 2 cases of mortality occurred, resulting in a fatality rate of just 0.3%. Conclusion: In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic lasting 100 days, the effect of the 3T strategies flattened the curve and decreased the time during which infected individuals were contagious, thereby lowering the R(t) below 1 in Seoul.

유리체내 트리암시놀론 주사후 발생한 무균성 안내염에 대한 고찰

서울,이수영,이정희,Wool Suh,Soo Young Lee,Jeong-Hee Lee 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.3

`Purpose: To evaluate the distinguishing characteristics that may assist in the clinical diagnosis of sterile endophthalmitis from intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Methods: From January 2005 to June 2006, the medical records of 163 eyes that received intravitreal triamcinolone injection were reviewed. In 5 eyes of 5 patients who complained of decreasing vision and mild ocular pain within three days after injection, slit lamp bimicroscopy revealed hypopyon, anterior chamber reaction, and vitritis. We analyzed clinical pictures retrospectively. Results: Intravitreal triamcinolone injections were performed for diabetic macular edema in 4 patients and for panuveitis in 1 patient with Beh?et’s disease. Pseudophakia was found in all five eyes. Inflammations in three eyes resolved with topical and oral antibiotics within 13 days, and the other two patients were treated with a vitreous culture and intravitreal antibiotic injection. However, vitreous tap showed no evidence of endophthalmitis, and inflammation resolved within the same period. Conclusions: Presumed sterile endophthalmitis presents within 3 days after intravitreal triamcinolone injection and may be accompanied by decreased vision and ocular discomfort, although it is characterized by no distinct ocular pain. The symptoms and ocular inflammation resolved quickly within 13 days with a favorable visual outcome. Inflammations in three eyes resolved without surgical intervention, so it may be necessary to closely observe clinical manifestations before assuming that the eye is suffering from infectious endophthalmitis.`

휴대용 단말기 내장형 다중 대역 세라믹 칩 안테나 설계

이윤도(Yoon-Do Lee),김영준,이상원,이용기,정음민,박영호,천창율,서울시립대학교 전자전기 공학부 대학원 RF연구실(RF lab.,School of Electronics engineering,University of Seoul) 한국정보통신설비학회 2002 한국정보통신설비학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.1

전종뇌 1예

최종현,이응수,이홍균 인제대학교 1988 仁濟醫學 Vol.9 No.4

A case of holoprosencephaly associated with hydramnios is presented with a brief review of its literatures, This lobal type holoprosencephaly has following anomalies of fused thalamus and agenesis of corpus callosum, dorsal cyst, microphthalmia, one nostril and undetectable pituitary gland.

역산 기법을 이용한 EMI Source의 모델링

임창환(Chang-Hwan Im),정현교(Hyun-Kyo Jung),김형석(Hyeong-Seok Kim),이정해(Jung-Hae Lee),서울대학교 전기공학부(Seoul National University),순천향대학교 정보기술공학부(Soonchunhyang University),홍익대학교 전파통신공학부(Hongik University) 한국정보통신설비학회 2002 한국정보통신설비학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.1

랫드에서 생애초기 스트레스가 청소년기 약물남용에 미치는 영향

이서울(Lee Seoul),김동구(Kim Dong-Goo) 대한스트레스학회 2002 스트레스硏究 Vol.10 No.2

흰쥐에서 스트레스가 불안 및 공간지각 학습행동에 미치는 영향

이진훈(Jin Hoon Lee),이준호(Jun Ho Lee),최근한(Keun Han Choi),김원정(Won Jung Kim),이수진(Su Jean Lee),정지혜(Ji Hye Jung),문성근(Sung Keun Moon),정규용(Kyu Yong Jung),최봉규(Bong Kyu Choi),이서울(Seoul Lee) 대한스트레스학회 2011 스트레스硏究 Vol.19 No.2

개체가 스트레스 환경에 노출되는 경우 스트레스에 의한 감정과 신체의 대응에 변화를 초래한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 반복되어지는 구금 스트레스 환경에 노출되는 경우에 초래되는 행동변화를 관찰하여, 스트레스에 의한 신체의 대응양상으로서 선천적 행동(innate behavior)과 학습과 기억(learning and memory)에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 9주령 수컷 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley)를 이용하여 7일 동안 연속적으로 하루 6시간씩 구금 스트레스(restraint stress) 환경에 노출시킨 스트레스군(Stressed group)은 정상적인 사육조건에서 사육된 대조군(Control group)에 비해 개체의 성장추세가 지연되었다. 구금 스트레스 노출 직후 흰쥐의 편도(amygdala)에서 NADPH-diaphorase 염색방법을 이용하여 뇌 산화질소생성효소(nNOS) 활성을 관찰한 결과 스트레스군의 경우 대조군에 비해 활성을 나타내는 신경세포 수가 유의하게 증가되었다. 동일한 스트레스에 노출 직후 흰쥐의 개방공간 탐색행동 검사(open-field exploratory behavior test)를 시행하였다. 개방공간에 최초 노출된 경우 스트레스군의 보행활동도(ambulatory activity)는 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 나타냈으나, 개방장소 탐색활동도 측정을 통한 탐색 영역 분석 결과, 스트레스군의 경우 개장공간의 중앙영역에서 나타나는 탐색행동은 유의하게 감소되었다. 그러나 이후 3일 동안 반복하여 동일한 탐색활동도 측정 장치에 노출시킨 경우, 스트레스군의 보행활동도는 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하면 스트레스 환경은 흰쥐에서 편도의 산화질소 생성효소 활성을 증가시켰으며, 이는 불안을 표출하는 행동양식의 변화를 수반하였다. 본 연구에서 반복되는 스트레스는 선천적 행동양식의 변화를 초래하였지만, 공간지각에 대한 학습과 기억에는 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 시사한다. The environmental stress may produce to behavioral changes. In this study using a rodent stress model that exposure to the repetitive restraint stress elicits behavioral alterations, especially changes the patterns of the innate behavior but not the contextual memory and learning abilities. Nine weeks old Sprague-Dawley male rats were given the restraint stress (the stressed group) for 6 hours per day for seven consecutive days. The stressed rats were indicated the retarded development within the stressed-session compared to the control group. After the exposure to restraint stress for seven days, the rats" brains were performed to the NADPH-diaphorase stain on the limbic region of the brain. In the stressed animals have increased the counts of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) active neurons in the central amygdala of the brain. For behavioral assessments, animals were subjected to the exposure to novel environment-open-field apparatus-in order to examining the exploratory behaviors especially the ambulatory activity after the stress paradigm. The stressed animals indicated a significantly higher ambulatory activity for 5 min compare to the control animals. Moreover, the zone analysis of the tracking of exploration in open-field monitoring system, the stressed rats were a significantly decreased their activities in the center of arena compared to the control rats. However, the stressed rats were repetitively exposed to the same arena at once per day for 3 consecutive days, which ambulatory activity did attenuate to the control levels 3 days after exploration. These results suggested that the increase of counts of the nNOS reactive neurons in the central amygdala area due to the experience of repetitive stress paradigm can alter the eliciting pattern of the innate behavior and which has not been modulate the contextual learning and memory functions of the brain. (Korean J Str Res 2011;19:107∼114)

The Bell of Sangwonsa Temple

Lee Young-bae Professor Emeritus Seoul National University The Korea Foundation 2000 Koreana (English) Vol.14 No.4

Modulation of Cell Proliferation and Hypertrophy by Gangliosides in Cultured Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells

Seoul Lee,Seon Ho Ahn,Seung Hoon Baek,Ju Hung Song,Young Kug Choo,Oh Deog Kwon,Bong Kyu Choi,Kyu Yong Jung 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.8

Glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in diverse renal diseases undergo cell proliferation and/or hypertrophy, and gangliosides have been reported to play an important role in modulating cell structure and function. This study compared the effects of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1) and the effects of the application of exogenous gangliosides on GMCs and investigated whether the application of exogenous gangliosides regulated cellular proliferation and hypertrophy. Human GMCs were cultured with exogenous gangliosides and TGF-β1 in a media containing 10% fetal bovine serum and in a media without the fetal bovine serum. Exogenous gangliosides biphasically changed the proliferation of human GMCs (0.1-1.0 mg/mL). A low concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of gangliosides mainly increased the number of human GMCs, whereas cellular proliferation was significantly reduced by raising the concentration of exogenous gangliosides. TGF-β1 greatly reduced the number of human GMCs in a concentrationdependent manner (1-10 ng/mL). Serum deprivation accelerated the gangliosides- and TGF- β1-induced inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation to a greater extent. Gangliosides (1.0 mg/ mL) and TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) both caused a significant increase in the incorporation of [3H]leucine per cell in the serum-deprived condition, whereas it was completely reversed in serumsupplemented condition. Similar results to the [3H]leucine incorporation were also observed in the changes in cell size measured by flow cytometric analysis. These results show that exogenous gangliosides modulate cell proliferation and hypertrophy in cultured human GMCs, and these cellular responses were regulated differently based on whether the media contained serum or not. Results from the present study raise new possibilities about the potential involvement of gangliosides in the development of mesangial cell proliferation and hypertrophy.

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Composed of Three Electrodes: Application to Tooth Bleaching

Lee, Hyun Woo,Nam, Seoul Hee,Mohamed, Abdel-Aleam H.,Kim, Gyoo Cheon,Lee, Jae Koo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Plasma Processes and Polymers Vol.7 No.3

<P>Three-electrode plasma jet system consisting of a perforated dielectric tube with two outer and one floating inner electrodes was developed and employed for tooth bleaching. Lowered gas breakdown voltage and increased discharge current were achieved by using the floating inner electrode. Optical emission spectra analysis showed that the rotational temperature of the second positive nitrogen bands was ≈290 K and vibrational temperature was ≈2 500 K, which means this plasma is in highly non-quilibrium state and nonthermal. The presence of excited He, N<SUB>2</SUB>, N<EM><SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP></EM> and O in the plasma plume was revealed. The plasma jet was used in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) to remove stains from extracted teeth stained by either coffee or red wine. Combining the plasma jet and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> improved the bleaching efficacy by a factor of 3.1 (coffee) and 3.7 (red wine) compared with using H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> alone.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900083-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900083-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>An atmospheric pressure plasma jet has attracted great interest in biomedical applications thanks to its simplicity of the design and its diverse capabilities. This study proposed a design of a safe and reactive, nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet, and demonstrated that the plasma jet enhanced the tooth bleaching effect. We expect that this study can contribute to widening the application field of atmospheric pressure plasma. <img src='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900083-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900083-content'> </P>