『도시의 자유』(The Freedom of the City)에 나타난 외상 연구

이미향(Mihyang Lee) 한국영미어문학회 2012 영미어문학 Vol.- No.102

Brian Friel's The Freedom of the City opened at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin on 20 February 1973, only a year after the traumatic event of Northern Ireland's Bloody Sunday. The trauma of Bloody Sunday for the Northern Irish Catholic community was caused not only by the brutality against the victims, but also by the Widgery 'whitewashing' that occurred afterwards. Lord Widgery's findings caused a trauma that widened the crevasse, further rupturing the Irish identity, and silencing hundreds of Irish voices by denying them the right to tell their stories. While The Freedom of the City is primarily a response to the traumatic moment of Bloody Sunday, this study aims to examine Friel's use of the historical frame to point towards another trauma--that of the doubly colonized, silenced woman, as represented by the only female character in the play, Lily Doherty. Lily, a Northern Irish Catholic, struggles under the effects of colonial rule and suffers from a consequence of this governmental colonization--unyielding patriarchy, where the males in her country who lost their power to the British colonizer attempt to assert what power they have left by victimizing women. But Friel writes for Lily soliloquy where she breaks through her colonization, articulating and realizing, for the first time, her oppression. In Lily's soliloquy, Friel responds to both traumas, that of the nation and that of the female, releasing the character Lily from the doubly oppressed world in which she lives. Friel's carefully placed soliloquies give voice to the silenced narratives lost in trauma. The soliloquy guides Irish audience into and through the traumas of their history, in an effort to heal those gaping wounds left by generations of colonization.

공공한옥의 모바일 기반 에너지 환경 평가모듈 제안

이미향(Mihyang Lee),김재향(Jae-Hyang Kim),최승주(Seung-Ju Choe),한승훈(Seung-Hoon Han) 한국신재생에너지학회 2023 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

온라인 중국어 학습사전의 미시구조 평가 - 『네이버 중국어 사전』을 중심으로 -

이미향(Lee, Mihyang),엄세환(Eum, Saehwan) 한국중국어교육학회 2019 중국어교육과연구 Vol.0 No.29

For the development of Chinese dictionary and the efficiency of Chinese learning, evaluation and study of Chinese dictionary are essential. However, there are no standards and models for Chinese dictionary evaluation in Korea, so it was difficult to conduct systematic evaluation of Chinese dictionary. Accordingly, this paper assessed the microstructure of 『Naver Dictionary』, which is currently used by domestic Chinese learners, for the purpose of improving the quality of domestic online Chinese learner’s dictionaries. Using the evaluation items prepared by Mi-Hyang Lee (2019), and the overall composition of the microstructure was evaluated to see if the 『Naver Dictionary』 appropriately organizes and provides necessary information as an online Chinese learner’s dictionary, and was assessed whether each information item in the microstructure provided the exact information to be provided. As a result of the evaluation, the vocabulary grade and semantic distribution item were the best to be able to answer ‘yes’ to all questions, and the overall composition, definition of a word, and example items of the microstructure were also relatively positive. On the other hand, items of spelling, pronunciation, part-of-speech, grammatical information, and pragmatic information were evaluated as necessary for modification and supplementation. The 『Naver Dictionary』 is an bilingual dictionary, which has items that must be equipped with a microstructure, but found errors in the intonation notation in the pronunciation item, and errors in providing wrong target word with wrong part-of-speech notation were found in the item of definition of a word. 『Naver Dictionary』 is a learning dictionary, which shows the vocabulary grade that users can easily recognize in the headword and provides useful information for Chinese learning. The function as a learning dictionary was prominent in the reference words item. However, it is necessary to supplement the fact that spelling information is not provided, the example is not provided separately by the semantic terms of the headword, the grammar and pragmatic information is not sufficient, and the irregular changes of the intonation and the inconsistency of the special vocabulary. 『Naver Dictionary』 is an online dictionary, which is convenient for viewing microstructures and provides various information through services utilizing online characteristics. In particular, the advantages of online dictionaries have been prominent in the example item. However, It was regrettable that the online dictionary, which has no limit on capacity, did not provide more information as a learning dictionary, such as collocation and syntactic information, precautions on grammar and pragmatic use, discourse usage, and cultural knowledge, etc. This study can be used to evaluate and modify other online foreign language learning dictionaries, and can be used to modify and update online Chinese dictionaries.

이중언어 구사자에 대한 한국 사회의 다문화 인식이 이중언어 유지와 계승에 미치는 영향 연구

이미향 ( Lee Mihyang ),서희정 ( Seo Huijeong ),남정섭 ( Nam Jeongsub ) 이중언어학회 2020 이중언어학 Vol.78 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate how bilingualism of immigrants in Korea influence their adaptation to Korean society. In addition, this study is going to check whether bilingual speakers are willing to maintain their language proficiency or pass them to their children, and it will also pay attention to what the causes would be if one gives up speaking or transferring bilingual usage in Korean society. The study could find out the following: First, the perception of bilingual and culture is different by countries of origin; Second, target learners’ perceptions of bilingual and culture depend on period they lived in Korea. In conclusion, this study affirms that the perspectives of Korean society about diverse cultures and mutilingualism have a negative impact on linguistic proficiency of multicultural individuals residing in Korea. Multilingual speakers’ taking a passive attitude on their multilingual ability means a grave disadvantage at not only an individual level but also societal and even national levels. Therefore, this study suggests that we should create a social atmosphere to acknowledge multilingual abilities of minority members. (Yeungnam University)

한국어 교재 대화문에서 대화 참여자의 상호작용성 연구

이미향 ( Mihyang Lee ) 한국화법학회 2016 화법연구 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this research is to check the suitability of dialogue sections of teaching materials in terms of the level of interaction between conversation participants. With this aim in view, research has revealed that concretely describing the conversation scene is the way to reflect real-world language. In the dialogues contained in Korean teaching materials, materializing contextual information regarding the dialogue scene, especially information regarding time, has been neglected. As the relationship between participants develops through time and space, it seems that specifying such information in teaching materials is useful for enhancing authenticity. Moreover, research has revealed that more concrete information about the speaker and listener leads to active interaction among conversation participants; it also influences completion of dialogues in teaching materials in the capacity of discourse structure. In particular, it seems that conversation completion stages are missing in a number of teaching materials, and certain topics cannot be comprehended completely because of uncertainties about setting and context (e.g., relationship between conversation participants).

온·오프라인 교수학습을 위한 한국어 익힘책 개발의 실제 -『온라인 세종학당 사이버 한국어 익힘책』 익힘책 개발 사례를 중심으로-

이미향 ( Lee Mihyang ),손시진 ( Son Sijin ),이승연 ( Lee Seungyeon ) 이중언어학회 2022 이중언어학 Vol.87 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the principles and directions of the development of workbooks required for Korean language education. To this end, first of all, the current status and needs of workbooks for language education were examined, and the principle of developing workbooks, derived through the process of developing “Sejong Cyber Korean Workbook”, was discussed. Through this, the study would like to emphasise the need for multilateral discussions on the development of workbooks by learner’s situation and level, and the environment of using educational materials. The workbook is a book that allows learners to learn concepts and principles by solving questions, and is currently actively used in math subjects. On the other hand, there is little discussion on workbooks that would contribute to the process of learning a language. This seems to be because the existing foreign language education was led by teachers in the classroom. After the educational digitisation, microlearning and self-learning have been increased. Many learners who want to learn Korean abroad are difficult to learn through educators, so various auxiliary materials to help ease learning are more urgent than those in Korea. In particular, cyber Korean beginner and intermediate level workbooks should be learning materials that meet the demand for online Korean language learning and also help foreign Korean language teachers’ field guidance. The educational materials that consider both online and offline environments become a workbook that considers both self-learning and classroom use. Therefore, this book could be called ‘workbook for activities’. In addition, online workbooks should be equipped with devices to arouse learners’ interest and motivate learners. This study has focused on the importance of the future meaning of the workbook, and attempted to contribute to helping the ease of teaching and learning by deriving the principle of developing the workbook suitable for Korean language learning at King Sejong Institute. Developing and producing a workbook in the ‘cyber Korean learning’ course is a process of completing educational materials prepared at the national level. In addition, by developing the workbooks across beginner and intermediate levels, not only local learners abroad are able to do supplement and in-depth learning activities linked to the lecture contents, but also a guide book is provided to the teachers to guide them, to maximise the effectiveness of Korean and Korean culture education abroad. (Yeungnam University, Sahmyook University)

온라인 중국어 학습사전의 참고어 정보 설정 연구 - 하위 범주와 제시 방식을 중심으로

이미향 ( Lee Mihyang ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.87

In dictionary, related word plays an important role in word learning as word information that supplements the headword while having a relationship with headword. Nevertheless, related word information has not been fully noticed in the compilation and study of bilingual dictionary. In order to overcome the limitations of existing bilingual dictionary and to increase the effectiveness of second language vocabulary learning, it is necessary to reorganize the related word information and systematize its type and manualize the technology method. Therefore, this study resets the presentation methods and the subcategories of related word information to be included as the research subjects in the online Chinese learning dictionary which is currently used by Chinese learners. First, the term ‘reference word’ was proposed, which is a vocabulary that is provided to refer to learning the headword in the dictionary. And based on the Chinese lexical theory and the Chinese vocabulary acquisition theory, the subcategories of reference words were set. Based on the Chinese vocabulary relationship, heteromorphy words in the morphological relationship, the polyphonic words in the phonetical relationship, the absolute synonym and synonym in the semantic relationship, and the whole and parts relational words and hypernyms and hyponyms in the hierarchical relationship were selected, and in terms of Chinese vocabulary acquisition, confusable words were selected as reference words. In addition, for the systematic technology of reference word information, five types of reference word information were set up and the model was created by comprehensively considering three aspects of presentation area, presentation unit, and presentation method. The study on the establishment of reference word information is expected to make online Chinese learning dictionary has a better system of word information and to enhance the function as a learning dictionary.

학문목적 한국어 학습자의 글쓰기와 말하기에 나타난 표현 전략 사용 양상 비교 연구

이미향 ( Lee Mihyang ),엄나영 ( Eum Nayoung ) 한국화법학회 2018 화법연구 Vol.0 No.40

The purpose of this study was to examine the usage aspect of learners’ expression strategies that appeared while writing and speaking Korean. To investigate this, the research team conducted the study based on reports written by foreign students and contents of compositions and presentations submitted for the final examination. Using these materials, we studied whether the subjects were aware of their expression strategies while writing and speaking Korean. In addition, we compared differences in the strategies chosen for writing and speaking. The results showed the following. First, learners recognized the expression strategy, which they revealed during the performance of the task. Through this, we confirmed that learners could avoid producing errors, although ‘strategic error’ tended to be generated in different ways depending on strategy used. Second, learners used different expression strategies for writing and speaking. However, there were some errors generated by ‘strategic absence’ in the areas of writing and speaking. As a result, we confirmed the great importance of ‘meta-cognition strategy’ in expression instruction. This study has significance as baseline data that examines the reality of Korean expression instruction and seeks improvement. However, it has a limitation in that the collected data and the learners’ individual characteristics are not revealed. A topic of further study would be to examine characteristics according to nationality, gender, and major of each learner, and to classify the impact of these criteria.

漢韓同形動詞語義對應關系的分析層面及關系類型

이미향 ( Lee Mihyang ) 한국중국언어학회 2016 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.66

선행 한중동형어 비교 연구들은 주로 단어의 전체적인 의미구조가 어떻게 대응하는 지를 고려하지 않고, 한 의미항의 의미가 같거나 비슷한 동형어쌍을 동의관계에 있다고 보았다. 이 영향으로 종종 제2언어 교육에서 교수자는 전체 의미구조가 완전히 같지 않은 대응어를 동의어라고 오도하고, 학습자는 한 의미항에서만 동의관계를 가지는 대응어에 대해 모국어의 다른 의미까지 목표어에 잘못 대응시키는 오류를 범하기도 한다. 이에 따라 본고는 한중동형동사를 예로 들어 중국어와 한국어 말뭉치의 실제 용례를 사용하고, 연어 군집관찰과 용례 번역을 통해 “의미항”과 “전체 의미구조” 이 두 층위에서 한중동형동사의 의미 대응관계를 고찰하였다. 우선, 한중동형동사의 대역관계 분석 결과와 모든 경우의 수를 고려하여 의미항 층위에서 한중동형동사의 의미 대응관계를 “전체대응”, “부분대응”, “전체와 부분대응 병존”, “비대응”으로 나누었다. 그리고 다의어의 각종 의미항간 대응상황을 고려하여 전체대응과 부분대응을 다시 “일대일대응”, “일대다혹은 다대일대응”, “혼합대응” 세 가지 소 부류로 나누었다. 의미항 층위의 의미 대응관계 분석을 통해 단어의 전체 의미구조 층위에서 한중동형동사의 의미 대응관계를 크게 “단어의미구조 전체대응”, “단어의미구조 부분대응”, “단어의미구조 비대응” 세 부류로 나누었다. 마지막으로 의미항 층위의 대응관계와 단어 전체 의미구조 층위의 대응관계를 종합하여 한중동형동사의 의미 대응관계를 총 11류로 자세히 분류하고, 각 유형별로 존재 가능한 대응관계의 예와 해당 유형에 속하는 한중동형동사의 구체적인 대응관계를 예로 제시하였다. The advanced Korean Chinese same form language comparative studies viewed semantically same or similar same form words couple as in the synonymous relation, without considering how the overall semantic structure of the words corresponds. Due to this influence, teachers of the secondary education frequently mislead the correspondent word, of which overall semantic structure is not perfectly the same, as the synonym word, and sometimes make error in substituting the responding word which has the synonym relation only in one semantic item for the target language. Accordingly, this research utilized the actual practice case of the corpus of Chinese and Korean language based on the example of Korean and Chinese same form verb, and considered semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese fame form verb from the semantic item layer, considering the substitution relation analysis result of Korean and Chinese same form verb and the number of all cases, and considered the semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb from the two layers, i.e. “semantic item” and “overall semantic structure” through the consecutive language gathering observation and example translation. Above all, this research divided the semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb from the semantic item layer into “whole correspondence”, “partial corresondence”, “coexistence of the whole and partial correspondence”, “non-correspondence”, considering the substitution relation analysis result of Korean and Chinese same form verb and the number of all cases. Also, again divided the whole correspondence and partial correspondence into “one-to-one correspondence”, “one-to-several or several-to-one correspondence”, and “combined correspondence”, considering the correspondent situation of various semantic items of multisense words. And largely divided semantic corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb from the whole semantic structure layer of word into “overall correspondence to word semantic structure”, “word semantic structure partial response”, and “word semantic structure non-correspondence”, through the semantic corresponding relation analysis of semantic item layer. Lastly, this research classified Korean and Chinese same form verb semantic correspondent relation by synthesizing semantic corresponding relation of semantic item layer and the correspondent relation of word overall semantic structure layer into total 11 types in detail, suggesting the example of the correspondence that can exist per each type and concrete corresponding relation of Korean and Chinese same form verb that belongs to the relevant type.

『번역』에 나타난 외상 연구

이미향(Lee Mihyang) 새한영어영문학회 2012 새한영어영문학 Vol.54 No.3

Brian Friel’s Translations uses the historical frame of the English Ordnance Survey and the theme of language to expose the traumatic effects of erased identity and national loss. These devices have been given much attention in scholarly discussions. Less observed is the character Friel writes to represent and reflect these elements and their effects in Translations. Thus this study examines the themes of the English Ordnance survey and erasure of the Irish language that are embodied in the silent figure Sarah, who haunts the stage with her continuous presence. As the audience witnesses a widening crevasse through the loss of the Irish language and effects of the English Ordnance Survey, so Sarah experiences the same erasure, her voice falling into the silence. By examining Sarah and analyzing her story, audiences encounter the traumatic remnants of colonized Ireland. In addition, Friel uses Sarah as a dramatic device to stand in not only as the female subaltern but also as a reflection of Ireland itself. As a result, Sarah’s story articulates parallel trauma-- that of the English Ordnance Survey and its effect on the Irish language and that of the doubly colonized female. In conclusion, Friel’s dramatization of these traumas encourages audiences to confront and embrace their own traumatic histories so that they might begin to heal the scars left by generations of affliction.