大動與地圖를 통해 본 朝鮮時代 行政區域의 變遷

元慶烈 건국대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

1. Taedong Yo Chido(大東與地圖) is the largest in its scale of all the maps published during the period of Lee Dynasty. The Boundaries of the administrative districts of this map are marked so correctly that it is possible to record the changes of the administrative districts. 2. In 1413(King Taejong(太宗) 13th year), the districts had been divided into eight(8) provinces, in 1895(King Kojong(高宗)35th year) into twenty-three(23) Pus (府), and in 1896 (King Kojong(高宗) 36th year) into thirteen(13) provinces. 3. The boundaries of the administrative districts during Lee Dynasty had been marked according to their mountain ranges rather than rivers. In the densely populated plains, the districts had been subdivided. 4. Such district names as Wol Kyong Cho(越境處), Sok Hyon(屬縣), Pu Kok(部曲) etc. which had Been during the early period of Lee Dynasty ceased to exist as time passed.

대동여지도 : 현대 지도학적인 고찰 ( A Study on the Mordern Catography : Dae Dong yeu chi do ( Map ) )

원경렬 대한지리학회 1991 대한지리학회지 Vol.26 No.2

朝鮮時代 初期 慶尙道 地域의 土産物 分布에 대한 地理的 考察

元慶烈 春川敎育大學 1982 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

大東輿地圖의 硏究

元慶烈 건국대학교 1989 장안지리 Vol.5 No.1

As a geographer, Kim Choˇng-ho(金正浩) was one of the famous cartographers in Cho Soun Dynasty. He made the map of Tae Dong yo chido(大東輿地圖) in 1861, which was the most precise map of all the maps made in Cho Son Dynasty Covering the whole Korea. He compiled all available cartographic methods which had been handed down from the past in Korea and China into map-making. Several Chinese and Korean cartographers such as P'ei Hsiu(裵秀), Chia Tan(賈耽), Lo Hung-hisen(羅洪先), Yi Hoe(李회) and, Chong Sang-ki (鄭尙驥) had influences on producing Taedong yo chido. Especially Honilkangri Yokdaekukdo Chido (混一疆理歷代國都之圖) which was made by Yi Hoe helped him to figure out the outline of the Korean peninsular. Also Tongkuk Chido(東國地圖) made by Chung Sang-ki contributed to have an idea of the concept of scale. Kim Choˇng-ho wrote three books for the regional geography such as Yodo Pichi (輿圖備志), Tongyo Tochi(東輿圖志) Tae dong Chichi(大東地志) and made many maps such as Chong gu-do(靑邱圖) Tong yodo(東輿圖), Tae dong Yochichondo(大東輿地全圖). In order to make his first complete map of Korea which was called Chonggudo, he measured the distance and the direction of places very accurately. After having corrected the errors in Chongu-do, he completed the second map of the whole of Korea which was called Tong Yodo. Finally he made the third complete map of Korea, Taedong Yochido, based on the second map. In making the map of Tae dong yo chi do , he designated Seoul as its cardinal point and all other places were measured coordinates , distances and direction from that cardinal point. However, the map projection was not considered in making a map. The size of the Tae dong Yochido is 7 by 3 meters and 22 parts of wooden blocks maps are combined to constitute the complete map of Korea. Some pieces of wooden block and the printed maps duplicated from the carved wooden blocks have been handed down to us. The scale of this map is between 1: 165,000 and 1:168,000. compared with many other maps in Cho Soˇn Dynasty, Taedong Yochido has the following characteristics ; 1. Scale, compass direction and distance of this map are more precise than any others map made during Cho Soˇn Dynasty. 2. Techniques and symbols used for representing mountain range, rivers, cities and roads are very unique and informative. 3. If the river was navigable, it was expressed by two lines, otherwise the river was expressed by one line. 4. The road was represented by a line on which a dot was marked at intervals of 10 ri(里). 5. The map shows the administrative boundary lines of Kun (郡) and Hyoˇn (縣) with accuracy, which is very helpful to reconstruct provincial administrative division in Cho Soˇn Dynasty. 6. Military situation in Cho Soˇn Dynasty could be understood by Fire Signal(烽燧), Chin (鎭), Yong (營) and Posttown Inns (驛院) which were deeply related to national defense. 7. The names of places shown on this map would be the valuable historical source to study the process of transition about the names of places. However, it is still a little known about Kim Chong-ho's life time. It is found out that he was not imprisoned and his map was not confiscated to be burnt out by the government in this study. Also he had been able to make maps with the help of government officials. Especially Choe Song-hwan(崔?煥) who was military official was the financial sponsor for making maps. In the light of the cartographic methods used and the valuable historical sources recorded, Taedong Yochido may be the one of the most precious Cultural heritages to the Korean people.

인간중심주의 교육에 관한 연구

원경렬,이환기 춘천교대 인문사회연구소 1998 人文社會敎育硏究 Vol.2 No.-

초등학교 고학년의 수준별 학습지도 : 사회과를 중심으로

원경렬,전홍렬,송태운 춘천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1996 敎育硏究 Vol.14 No.-

제 7차 교육과정이 열린교육에 의한 수준별 교과과정의 운영 방향으로 바뀌게 된다. 이런 과정에서 초등학교 고학년 수준별 교과과정의 설정과 운영이 가능한가를 실험ㆍ검증하여 보았다. 실험단원으로 5-1 생활을 편리하게 하는 산업을 선택하였고 이 단원의 내용을 보충과정, 기초과정, 심화과정의 3단계로 구분하였다. 기초과정은 현행 교과서의 내용을 학습토록 하였고 학습결과에 대하여 춘천교육대학교 부속초등학교 5학년을 대상으로 평가 검증하였다. 연구결과 수준별 교육과정의 운영이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 다만 수준별 교과과정의 운영시 현장의 교사가 이로 인하여 지나친 부담이 되지 않도록 배려해야 될 것이며 각 단계별 운영에서 각 단계에 맞는 적절한 교재가 개발되어야 한다는 문제를 제기하였다.

江原道 地域에서의 常綠地被植物의 造景的 利用에 關한 基礎的 硏究(Ⅰ) : 增殖, 耐陰性, 耐寒性, 生育量의 差異에 關하여 Progagation, Shade toolerance, Cold resistance, Difference of Growing degree

洪鍾雲,李基哲,許範亮,元慶烈,林炳春 춘천교대 지역개발연구 1994 地域開發硏究 Vol.3 No.-

Experiments were conducted to investigate propagation, shade tolerance, cold resistance and of growth of evergreen ground cover plants; Vinca minor L., Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort, and Hedera helix. The results were as follows : 1. It is convenient to use the growing case for rice seed to grow and Transplant Vinca minor seeding. The most proper density of Transplanting vinca was 180 plants per 1㎡. At the end of growing season, the coverage came up to 90%. The rooting ability of Hedera helix was best to cut from April to May (temperature 15∼23℃). The seeding length of Parthenocissus quinguefolia were irregular ranged from 5㎝ to 200㎝. 2. Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon J. and Vinca minor L. grew better under 50% light intensity than full sunlight. Particularly, under full sunlight and aestival high temperature, there were a few withering plants in Ajuga reptans L. and Vinca minor L. 3. Of Vinca minor L., Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort. and Hedera helix. acclimatized in open field, where temperature was from -7∼8℃. There were few plants had damage in low temperature incubator of -16℃ after field acclimatization. 4. Tendrils of Parthenocissus quinguefolia strongly clung to the wire netting stone fence but intruded into the gap and cranny of the precast concrete fence and so clung to, so that it needed to install the bending net on the precast concrete fence.

강원도 지역에서의 상록지피식물의 조경적 이용에 관한 기초적 연구(I) -증식, 내음성, 내한성, 생육량의 차이에 관하여

홍종운,이기철,허범람,원경렬,임병춘 한국잔디학회 1993 한국잔디학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Experiments were conducted to investigate propagation, shade tolerance, cold resistance and growth rate of evergreen ground cover plants ; Vinca minor K , Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f nanus hort , and Hedera helix.. The results were as follows : 1.It is convenient to use the growing case for rice seed to grow and transplant Vinca minor seed-ling. The most proper density of transplanting Vinea was 180 plants per 1m$^2$. At the end of growing season, the coverage came up to 90% The rooting ability of Hedera helix was best to cut from April to May (temperature 15~23˚C). The seedling length of Parthenocissus quinguefohlia were irregular and ranged from 5 cm of 200cm. 2. Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon j. and Vinca minor L. grew better under 50% light intensity than full sunlight. Particularly, under full sunlight and aestival high temperature, there were a few withering plants in Ajuga reptans L. , and V Vilica minor L. 3. Of Vinca minor K., Ajuga reptans L. , Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort. and Hedera helix. acclimatized in open field, where temperature was from -7~8˚C. There were few plants had damage in low temperature incubator to -16˚C after field acclimatization. 4.Tendrils of Parthenocissus quinguefolia strongly clung to the wire netting stone fence but intruded into the gap and cranny of the precast concrete fence and so clung to, so that it needed to install the bending net on the precast concrete fence.