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양승범,박순재,이재건,정지철,김재효,Yang, Seung-Bum,Park, Soon-Jae,Lee, Jae-Gun,Jung, Ji-Chul,Kim, Jae-Hyo 경락경혈학회 2017 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.34 No.3
Objectives : Many researches have studied warm needling technique to standardize its treatment by temperature measurement and material differences in the effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to compare the temperature changes of the acupuncture needle shaft during the combustion process of the moxa stick to determine the heat transfer pattern of the warn needling. Methods : A moxa stick($7{\times}8mm$) was connected to one side of the needle shaft using a stainless steel needle(ø 0.3 mm, ø 0.5 mm, ø 0.8 mm, shaft length 40 mm) with the needle handle removed. During the warm needling, temperature changes of the needle shaft were observed with an infrared camera(Flir E30) and an infrared thermometer(TESTO 845). Results : In the normal condition, heat transmit of needle shaft increased at spots 10 mm and 25 mm below the moxa stick. The amount of heat transmit increased with the diameter of needle shaft. However, when the heat shield was installed to exclude radiant heat from the moxa stick, heat transfer was less at 10 mm below the moxa stick and no temperature change was observed at 25 mm below the moxa stick. Heat transfer by warm needling does not reach the end of needle shaft even in ø 0.8 mm needle. Conclusions : It is suggested that the radiant heat of moxa stick results in the heat transmit of acupuncture needle shaft. Thus, radiant heat transmit must be considered as one of the heat transfer characteristics of the warm needling.
LINKING EMPOWERMENT AND JOB ENRICHMENT TO TURNOVER INTENTION: THE INFLUENCE OF JOB SATISFACTION
양승범,이건형 한국행정학회 2009 International Review of Public Administration Vol.14 No.2
Because of the increasing turnover rate in government organizations and the fact that turnover induces costs, both managers and scholars need to better understand the factors affecting turnover among public employees. Using the 2006 General Social Survey (GSS) data, this study examines the complex causal paths between empowerment, job enrichment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. We argue that job satisfaction plays an important role in explaining turnover intention among public employees. Empowerment is significantly indirectly related to turnover intention through its impact on job satisfaction. Likewise, job enrichment is also significantly indirectly related to turnover intention through its impact on job satisfaction.
양승범 한국행정학회 2007 International Review of Public Administration Vol.12 No.1
This study applies the diffusion framework to examine the utilization of a management practice, self-managed work teams, among municipal government organizations. Using survey data gathered from 204 American cities, the study investigates three institutional aspects: regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive aspects of institutions. The empirical analyses found support the hypotheses regarding the normative and cultural-cognitive aspects of institutions. Professional networks were significantly positively related to the likelihood of using self-managed work teams in the city. Likewise, the belief shared in service quality management by city employees was significantly positively related to the likelihood of using self-managed work teams in the city.
온침 표준화를 위한 열자극 요소 연구: 침 두께 및 피부-뜸 거리를 중심으로
양승범,권오상,Yang, Seung-Bum,Kwon, O Sang 경락경혈학회 2019 대한침구의학회지 Vol.36 No.4
Objectives : Warm needling is a combined treatment technique of acupuncture and moxibustion. In this study, we aimed to find out the components related with the thermal stimulation of the warm needling and to provide basic data for the guideline of the warm needling technique in the clinic. Methods : In this study, we measured thermal change of 3% agarose phantom embedding K-type thermocouples in depths of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mm. The warm needling was performed with acupuncture needles of various specifications (0.50×30, 0.50×40, 0.30×30, 0.30×40, 0.20×30 and 0.20×40 mm). A linear regression analysis was performed to find out the major component and quantify the effectiveness of the thermal stimulation during warm needling. Results : As a result of the measurement of temperature change, we could observe the thermal change pattern from the surface of the phantom to the 16mm deep part of the phantom. The thermal pattern was similar among the needles of different specifications. The regression analysis pointed the distance between the moxa cautery and the skin surface as the main component for the thermal stimulation of the warm needling. Conclusions : The authors suggest considering the distance between moxa cautery and the skin rather than the diameter of the acupuncture needle in accordance to the result of the study.
양승범,김민수,김재효 경락경혈학회 2018 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.35 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and radio-frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulation in acupoint combination on ankle sprained pain in rats. Methods : The lateral ligaments of the Sprague-Dawley rats ankle were injured surgically resulting in sprain, of which was divided into EA, RFWN treatment groups and control group without treatment. The level of pain was measured through foot weight bearing force ratio followed by calculating pain relief. To stimulate proximal or distal area in ankle sprain, combination of proximal acupoints(GB34-GB39) and distal acupoints(GB39-GB42) from sprain area were applied, respectively, to either EA or RFWN stimulation. In addition, naltrexone or phentolamine was injected intraperitoneally before the stimulation to observe the pathway of analgesic effects. Results : In the proximal combination of GB34-GB39, EA and RFWN significantly increased pain relief compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, in distal combination with GB39-GB42, both EA and RFWN stimulation did not relieve pain due to ankle sprains. In the combination of GB34-GB39, the analgesia of EA was inhibited by blockade of the α-adrenoceptor receptor. The analgesia of RFWN was inhibited by blockade of the α-adrenoceptor receptor as well as μ-opioid receptor. Conclusions : We observed that the proximal combination was effective in relieving pain when the treatment by acupoint combination was applied to the ankle sprain pain. Also, it was confirmed that this analgesia was also related to the pathways of μ-opioid receptors and/or α-adrenoceptors.