http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
E. Zaghi, Armin,Buffiè,re, Marie,Koo, Jaseok,Brammertz, Guy,Batuk, Maria,Verbist, Christophe,Hadermann, Joke,Kim, Woo Kyoung,Meuris, Marc,Poortmans, Jef,Vleugels, Jef Elsevier 2015 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.582 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polycrystalline CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> semiconductors are efficient light absorber materials for thin film solar cell technology, whereas printing is one of the promising low cost and non-vacuum approaches for the fabrication of thin film solar cells. The printed precursors are transformed into a dense polycrystalline CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> semiconductor film via thermal treatment in ambient selenium atmosphere (selenization). In this study, the effect of the selenium content in high purity mechanically synthesized CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> (x=2, 1.5, 1 or 0.5) alloy precursors on the recrystallization of the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> phase during the selenization process was investigated. The nanostructure and phase variation of CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> nanopowders were investigated by different characterization techniques. The recrystallization process of the 1–2μm thick CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> coatings into the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> phase during selenization in selenium vapor was investigated via in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. The CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> precursors with lower selenium content showed a more pronounced phase conversion into CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> compared to the higher selenium content CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> precursors. Moreover, the CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> (x=0.5 and 1) precursor resulted in a denser polycrystalline CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> semiconductor film with larger crystals. This could be attributed to a more intensive atomic interdiffusion within the CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> precursor system compared to a CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> phase precursor, and the formation of intermediate CuSe and CuSe<SUB>2</SUB> fluxing phases during selenization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> (x=2, 1.5, 1 or 0.5) alloy nanopowders were synthesized as CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> precursor. </LI> <LI> Nanostructures of CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> alloy nanopowders were investigated by HR-TEM. </LI> <LI> The CuInSe<SUB>x</SUB> conversions into the CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> were studied by in-situ HT-XRD selenization. </LI> <LI> The CuInSe<SUB>2</SUB> precursor showed no significant grain growth during selenization. </LI> <LI> The CuInSe<SUB>0.5</SUB> precursor showed the most significant grain growth during selenization. </LI> </UL> </P>
최성욱,Mary E. Guy 한국행정학회 2020 International Review of Public Administration Vol.25 No.2
This study probes the relationship between emotional labor and organizational culture by contrasting two classic forms of government work: tax collection and law enforcement. First, an analysis examines the differential effects of self-focused versus otherfocused emotional labor in both types of work. Then, hierarchical regression analysis is used to examine the moderating effects of organizational culture. Findings reveal a different relationship between the forms and outcomes by level in the hierarchy: selffocused emotional labor is positively related to pride in job while other-focused is positively related to emotional exhaustion, except for those in lower ranks with shorter tenures. A deeper probe reveals that work demands and cultural orientation are significant moderators. Tax officials experience more exhaustion and police officers experience more pride. Compared to role-oriented culture, which is the embodiment of bureaucracy, support-, power-, and achievement-oriented cultures affect emotional labor constructs
Responsiveness and Accountability in Local Government: The Case of First Responders
Meredith A. Newman,Mary E. Guy,Sharon H. Mastracci 연세대학교(미래캠퍼스) 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2010 地域發展硏究 Vol.19 No.1
This article explores the concept of accountability in the context of local governmental service provision. It focuses on the twin values of responsiveness and accountability, and the inherent tensions between them. The purpose is to map the contours of how accountability and responsiveness are sought and achieved within the context of the day-to-day work of crisis and emergency response at the municipal level. The authors draw upon interviews with first-responders, some of whom worked at the World Trade Center site immediately post-September 11 and, more recently, in Haiti after the earthquake in January 2010. They examine the many faces of accountability, including “accountability to” the citizenry as well as “accountability for” resources allocated from taxpayer dollars. They gain a fuller appreciation of what it takes to perform this work in multiple platforms (on the ground, in the air, or at sea), and how professional judgment, discretion, diverse expectations, and an abiding sense of duty, serve to shape the web of accountability relationships.