만경강 하류에서의 종속영양 세균의 계절적 분포와 항생제 내성세균의 특성

이건형,이규춘 ( Geon Hyoung Lee,Kyu Choun Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.2

To determine the characteristics and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacterial populations in the lower Mankyoung River, a total of 106 bacterial strains isolated were examined for susceptibility to 8 antibacterial agents. Isolates identified as to genus by API kits were revealed as Pseudomonas spp.(26 strains), Enterobacter spp.(25), Acinetobacter spp.(17), Escherichia spp.(16), Shigella spp.(6), Moraxella spp.(5), Klebsiella spp.(4), Citrobacter spp.(3), Aeromonas spp.(1), Serratia spp. and 2 unidentified strains. Isolates by the high concentration disc diffusion technique showed higher incidence of resistance to ampicillin(AM), cephalothin(CF), and tetracycline(Te), but most of them showed sensitivity to gentamicin(GM) and amikacin(AN). A total of 20 different patterns of multiple antibiotic resistance were observed. An increase of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria was partly was antibiotic resistance transfer to indigenous bacteria must be considered on risk assessment of the release of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment.

자연생태계에서의 유전물질의 전이

이건형 한국미생물학회 1990 微生物과 産業 Vol.16 No.3

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty가 1944년에 세균에서 유전적 재조합이 이루어진다는 사실을 발견한 후 세균은 진화 학자들과 미생물 학자들로 부터 주목을 받기 시작했다. 왜냐하면 세균은 자연생태계에서 또다른 형태의 유전적 적응성을 지니고 그러한 돌영변이 중 일부는 모세포(parent cell)보다도 주변환경에 더 잘 적응되었기 때문이다. 이제까지 GEM들이 생태계에서 유전자들 전이시키는 빈도가 대부분 낮았고, 토양이나 다른 자연생태계애서 유전자의 전이가 지속적으로 일어난다는 실험적 증거는 없었지만 이들을 생태계에 방출한 결과 유전자 전이가 몇몇 실험에서 확인된 적이 있어 토양에서의 유전적 전이의 가능성을 강하게 암시하고 있다. 하지만 어떻게 전이되고 토양의 물리, 화학및 전이에 필요한 최소한의 donor와 recipient의 수와 정확한 감지 방법등이 아직까지 밝혀져 있지 않은 상태이다. 더우기 토양환경에서 미생물의 활성과 생태, 군집 동태에 영향을 줄 수 있는 기능을 나타내려면 얼마만큼의 재조합 세균이 단위면적당 필요한지도 밝혀지지 않은 상태이다. 따라서 이러한 여러가지 문제점을 밝히는 것은 학문적인면 뿐만 아니라 진화론적인 이론에도 도움이 되며 GEM들이 토양이나 다른 생태계에 유출되었을 때의 환경영향평가나 규제를 하는데에도 도움이 될 수 있다고 본다.

특집 : 공업용(산업용) 클린룸의 최신 기술 - 정밀제조 산업의 청정도 결정 모델

이건형,Lee, Geon-Hyeong 한국공기청정협회 2012 空氣淸淨技術 Vol.25 No.4

과세상의 재량권과 개선방향

이건형 경희대학교 경영행정대학원 세무관리학과 학생회 1972 慶稅論叢 Vol.1 No.-

大邱의 變遷 : 三國時代에서 高麗까지 From the Three Kingdoms Period to the Koryo dynasty

李建衡 대구교육대학교 1968 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Situated in a place with such favorable conditions for the appearance of a village as river, fertile plain and basin which facilitate transportation, production and defence of enemies, Taegu had seen a primitive village formed in it from the prehistoric age. The distribution of prehistoric relics and Dolmens which were found in the vicinity of Taegu City tells that this village had been considerably developed during the Neolithic and Aeneolithic ages. With the onset of the Three Kingdoms period, a large tribal state was appeared. Located at a key point of transportation covering Keum-ho river valley through River Naktong, Taegu had been the heart of transportation and the military base for Silla's advance into Kaya or Paekche-that is. an apple of their eyes which caused many conflicts between themselves. But as the two came under the control of Silla, much development was made and this is proved by the ancient tombs in the surrounding areas of Taegu City. Though not materialized, an attempt was made to transfer the capital city to Taegu at the period of the United Silla. Around the end, Taegu was the scene of competitions for the throne among aristocrats and wars between the Late paekche an6 Koryo. These events are considered resulting from the importance of Taegu in the light of transportation and armed forces. With the dawn of the Koryo dynasty, along with the transfer of capital, attention was given to the northern parts-Kihtan and Jurchen. This lessened concern toward the south and retarded the development of Taegu. But at the early stage, noticeable advance is seen in the records of storing the Buddist Tripitaka in the Buin temple or being promoted to Hyen-Ryong (an administrative unit equal to Gun). After the middle stage, the city and inhabitants were suffered by the foreign invaders such as Mongol and Japanese pirates. With all the weakened concern and the loss of transportation initiative, Taegu went through gradual expansion and was promoted to Gun at the early period of Yi dynasty. This development may be indebted to the natural conditions Taegu has had.

미생물학적 위해성 평가

이건형 한국미생물학회 2001 미생물학회지 Vol.37 No.2

환경에서 병원성 미생물의 발생에 관련된 자료를 분석하는 일은 잠재적 보건 위해성을 판단하고 그에 따른 적절한 조치를 취하는데 종종 결정적인 역할을 한다. 이러한 일들은 과거에는 주로 정성적이고, 주관적인 방법으로 이루어 졌지만, 최근에는 정량적 위해성 평가(Quantitative Risk Assessment: QRA)로 이루어지는데, 이러한 QRA는 병원성 미생물로부터의 감염이나 발병, 또는 치사율 등의 위해성을 정량적인 방법으로 표현하는 접근법이다. 따라서, 이와 같은 정보는 정책 결정권자가 위해성의 확대와 비용부담, 그리고 적절한 조치를 취했을 때 기대할 수 있는 이점을 결정하는데 보다 더 잘 이용할 수 있다. 본 문에서는 위해성 분석의 과제에 대한 일반적인 배경을 살펴보고 문제해결 과정에서 미생물 위해성 평가가 어떻게 활용 가능한지를 살펴보았다. Risk assessment defines as the process of estimating both the probability that an event will occur and the probable magnitude of its adverse effects. Chemical or microbial risk assessment generally follows four basic steps, that is, hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment, and risk characterization. Risk assessment provides an effective framework for determining the relative urgency of problems and the allocation of resources to reduce risks. Using the results of risk analyses, we can target prevention, reme-diation, or control effects towards areas, sources, or situations in which the greatest risk reductions can be achieved with resources available. Risk assessment is also used to explain chemical and microbial risks as well as ecosystem impacts. Moreover, this process, which allows the quantitation and comparison of diverse risks, lets risk managers utilize the maximum amount of complex information in the decision-making process. This information can also be used to weigh the cost and benefits of control options and to develop standards or treatment options.

金烏山城과 天生山城의 硏究

李建衡 대구교육대학교 1976 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

An old fortress of Goryeo, Geumo and Cheonseng Hill Fortress were repaired the begining of Choseon Dynasity(early in 1th century), used a strategic point of national defence again. They were ruined before end of 15th century for contempt of national defence strategy due to peace of long period. When occured suddenly the Hideyoshi's invasion(1592~1596) they emphasized of the importance of both the fortresses and repaired again Geumo 1595, Cheonseng 1596, and performed their impotant misson for the defence of Yeongnam province, when happened the Hideyoshi's twice invasion(1597~1598). Hereafter Cheonseng built the outer fort by Gwag Jae-U(Challisa) in 1604 and Geumo built the outer fort by Lee Myeong-Ung (Governer of Gyeongsang privince) in 1963 after occured of the Jurchin's invasion (1636~1637). At the beginning of 18th century according to reinforce of the national defence strategy, Geumo fortress promoted 'Dogjin'(an important military strategic place) and dispositioned about 3,500 soldiers and brought into full play of his military functions to the end of Choseon Dynasty by Continuous interest and protect of it. But Cheonseng fortress decrease of his value. I suppose, it was the reason that the Gasan Hill Fortress in Chilgog county was built at the middle of the 17th century more larger scale and had better conditions than Cheonseng fortress. Cheonseng Hill Fortress was not ruined but displayed of his function of speare hill fortress of emergency. Both the hill fortresses were located along side of the Nagdong river, on the main street to Seoul from Yeongnam and gain control of it. Also we knew they were natural fortress because have steep terrain, wide field and villages under the castle wall. But Cheonseng Hill Fortress which has narrow width and lack water more valuneless than Geumo. Geumo and Cheonseng Hill Fortress are very meaningful historical relics to contriuted defence of mother land against for enemy from Goryeo to the end of Choseon when we think historical origin and military point of view.

중국 수출신용보험의 연구 추세에 관한 연구

이건형 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2017 무역금융보험연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 중국수출입신용보험(中国出口信用保险公司)의 시대변화에 따른 연구방향의 변천과정을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 중국학술데이터베이스인 CNKI에서 수출신용보험을 주제로 하는 연구논문 2589편을 수집하여 키워드 동시출현빈도를 1974에서 2017년 전반기를 중국의 5개년 규획(五年规划)기간을 기준으로 키워드의 시대적 연구주제를 파악하였다. 이를 위해 SATI를 사용하여 동시출현단어행렬을 구성하여 Ucinet과 Netdraw을 사용하여 지적구조를 시각화하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과로 중국수출신용보험은 초기단계(1974~1995), 준비단계(1996~2000), 발전단계(2001~2005), 관리단계(2006~2010), 전환단계(2011~ 2015), 확장단계(2016~2017)로 6단계의 추세 패턴을 지닌 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구는 중국의 수출신용보험연구를 파악하는데 기초적인 자료를 제공하는데 그 의의가 있다. This study has a purpose to comprehend research trend on Chinese export credit insurance. We collected 2589 research papers on export credit insurance from CNKI, a Chinese national academic database, and analyzed the frequency of keyword co-occurrence from 1974 to 2017 based on The Five-Year Plan in China. To do this, co-occurrence matrix was constructed using SATI, and visualized the intellectual structure using Ucinet and Netdraw. As a result of this study, it is concluded that China export credit insurance has a trend pattern of 6 stages as early phase(1974~1995), preparation phase(1996~2000), development phase(2001~2005), management phase(2006~2010), transformation phase(2011~2015), and expansion phase(2016~2017). This study is meaningful to provide fundamental data to understand Chinese export credit insurance research.

수계환경에서 분변성 오염의 지표로 사용되는 미생물들

이건형 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The direct detection of intestinal pathogens and viruses often requires costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures. These requirements developed a test to show that the water was contaminated with sewage-borne pathogens by assessing the hygienic quality of water based on indicator microorganisms whose presence indicates that pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Various groups of microorganisms have been suggested and used as indicator microorganisms. Proposed and commonly used microbial indicators are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic plate count, bacteriophage, and so on. Unfortunately, most, if not all, of these indicators are not ideal because of the sensitivity and resistance to environment stresses and disinfection. However, the development of gene probes and PCR technology may give hope for the discovery of rapid and simple methods for detecting small number of fecal pathogens in various environments.

지상전에서 로보트의 응용

이건형,Lee, Geon-Hyung 한국방위산업진흥회 1984 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.65