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쿠플레의 『중국인 철학자 공자』의 「서문」 - Natura(性) 개념의 이해 문제를 사례로 -
안재원 서울대학교 인문학연구원 2012 人文論叢 Vol.68 No.-
In general, this essay is concerned with how to understand Confucius Sinarum Philosophus sive Scientia Sinensis (=Confucius). It focused on exploring the Jesuit’s latin translation of Natura (性) in Confucius, in order to answer the following question: how did European readers understand Confucius in the 18th century. According to my reading, the concept natura (性) is used to have three meanings: (1) pure reason in terms of religio naturalis, (2) primary matter in terms of physica, and (3) providence faculty in terms of Pu-Ju (補儒) doctrine which means that “it (sc. Christianity) supplements and perfects what is wanted in our master Confucius and our philosophy and literatures.” Based on this, I have made three comparisons between the natura-concept of Confucius and that of Aquinas, Lucretius and stoic philosophers to whom Cicero and Epictetus belong. The result of my comparisons comes to a new fact that the persona moderna of the Enlightenment might be based in part on Confucius’ natura-concept and in part on Cicero’s encyclopedic idea of orator perfectus. For this, I compared Cicero’s thought of orator perfectus with Confucius’ idea of vir perfectus. As for the question of how to read Confucius, however, Zhang Si-Ping (張西平), a leading scholar in China argues in the following. First, Confucius is to be read in the perspective of Christianity. Second, Confucius is the answer to the ritual discussions in the 17thcentury. Third, Confucius is a text which takes a critical position on especially Neo-Confucianism. In brief, Zhang concludes that Confucius is a product of misreading and misunderstanding of Chinese classical texts, but a significant contribution for studying the interrelated history of China and Europe. Grosso modo, I agree with Zhang’s arguments. There are, however, three points on which I do not agree. First, Jesuit’s missionaries tried to read Chinese original texts of Confucius in the eye of Christianity. On the other hand, however, Confucius is full of termini technici of Stoic philosophy. In this regard, in my opinion, there was no need then to say about PU-JU doctrine additionally by Siu Paulus (徐光啓). Second, Zhang maintains that one has to be cautious in the interpretation of Confucius because it is a metamorphic text. I think, however, the question is how to approach this metamorphic text. For this, Zhang suggests to readers to have some basic understanding of Christianity. In my view, here should be added some profound understanding of western philosophy, particularly of Hellenistic philosophy, because the problems of metamorphosis of Confucius mostly resulted from the so-to-say abutio-problem during borrowing termini from e.g. Cicero’s terms. As for Zhang’s estimation on Confucius, finally, I am not sure whether it is a product of misreading because, according to my keen reading of the Latin original text, Confucius is actually a metamorphosis text in Ovidius’ viewpoint but a hybrid text because it allows at least three ways of interpretation. One of them is a reading with help of Chinese original text, e.g., with the Zhu Xi (朱熹) edition. The second of them is a reading through comparison with western classical texts, in order to see how they are different from each other. The last is an independent way of reading from both sides. The conclusion which results from this is that we need to regard Confucius not as a translation but as a kind of original text. Therefore, I suggest to read Confucius and to follow some free reading ways of those who did not know anyway but could not learn Chinese Characters in the 17th-18thcenturies, such as Christian Wolf.
안재원 한국서양사연구회 2022 서양사연구 Vol.- No.66
This paper tries to demonstrate the relationship of anti- intellectualism with conspiracy theory. For this, firstly, the paper provides a critical reading of the story of Polyphemus in Homer’s Odyssey to show that anti-intellectualism is rooted on the one- eyed cognition that is confined by a certain idea, belief, experience, memory, information, interest, and ideology. The paper, then, attempts to read Cicero’s The First Speech against Caitline from the viewpoint of conspiracy theory for demonstrating that it is supported and even authorized strongly by the theory of justice that reinforces the faction theory. To this, the paper adds another critical reading of Euripides’ Heracles for showing the danger of fake news that is strongly tangled with conspiracy theory. These critical readings come to the confessing that it is not easy to reject the human identity of “homo conspirans”. The paper, however, strives to suggest how to fight against the anti-intellectualism endorsed by conspiracy theory, providing the philosophical training of suspension of all action and all opinion (epoche) and the rhetorical way of arguing both sides(in utramque partem dicere). On the basis of this, the paper contends that the history of humanities is to be summarized by the fighting and struggling of intellectualism against anti-intellectualism.
부유선별공정 모니터링을 위한 다변수 가우시안 혼합모델기반 색상 분석
안재원,고윤호 한국멀티미디어학회 2023 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.26 No.3
Froth flotation is a type of mineral processing that selectively separates useful minerals from the froth produced by pulp aeration. The physical features of the froth contain information to understand the status of the process of froth flotation. In particular, by obtaining the color feature of the froth, it is possible to predict not only the type of useful mineral but also the grade of the mineral. Therefore, it is very important to obtain high-precision color analysis results in froth flotation monitoring. In this paper, we propose a color analysis method based on multivariate Gaussian mixture models to guarantee the cyclicity with a period of 360 degrees in hue component of color. In order to verify the proposed method, we present the color analysis results of images which contain around () of hue and images obtained by froth flotation. Through the experimental results, it shows that the color analysis results obtained by the proposed method are more precise.