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송대종 한국지식재산연구원 2011 지식재산연구 Vol.6 No.1
The appropriate and effective protection of digital contents is essential for the development of digital contents. In Korea as well as around world, copyright is the main legal system of protecting digital contents. In addition, the Contents Industry Development Act(CIDA) may protect also protect digital contents. While copyright protects digital contents by awarding copyright owner exclusive rights, the CIDA does from the perspective of unfair competition. This research argues that there are serious limits in protecting digital contents through copyright or the CIDA, and therefore, patent protection of digital contents is inevitable. Copyright and the CIDA cannot protect some elements of idea inherent in the digital content itself. This research is focused on the subject matter of the digital contents itself. In order to meet with the subject matter of the KIPO's patent law, the digital contents itself must be the product as the sort of the category of patent invention. Accordingly, this thesis investigates the definition of the product and goods in the civil law and the value add tax law. In the end, this thesis study the applicable possibility for the digital contents to conform to the subject matter of the patent law. This research aims to provide a means for the digital contents to be efficiently protected by the KIPO's patent law. For this purpose, this research analyzes the meaning and classification of digital contents, what is going on the protection of digital contents around the world and Korea, what are problems in protecting digital contents through copyright and the CIDA, what industry needs, and what the ripple effect would be when digital content is protected by patent. 디지털콘텐츠의 저작권에 의한 보호는 디지털콘텐츠의 창작성 있는 표현 부분만을 보호하므로 디지털콘텐츠에 내재해 있는 발명적인 요소, 곧 아이디어를 복제한 경우에는 저작권에 의하여 보호할 수 없는 한계에 직면하게 된다. 게다가 디지털콘텐츠는 컴퓨터나 네트워크 등의 하드웨어를 통해서만 생성․사용되는 기술기반의 성질을 띠고 있음에도 불구하고, 인쇄매체를 통한 서적의 출판을 보호하는 것으로부터 출발한 저작권에 의해 보호가 이루어져 왔다는 것 자체가 저작권의 본질적인 한계일 것이다. 여기로부터 저작권법 및 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에 디지털콘텐츠를 보호할 수 있는 특허의 필요성이 나타나게 되고, 특허법에 의한 보호의 논의도 디지털콘텐츠를 생성, 서비스, 사용하는데 있어서 기술적인 부분의 특허보호방법론에 머물러 있다. 그러나, 디지털콘텐츠는 정보처리장치나 정보처리시스템으로 제작되어 물체의 형식으로 존재하거나 비물체의 형식으로 존재한다. 물체의 형식을 가지는 디지털콘텐츠는 관리가능한 물체이고, 독립적이고, 사람의 신체가 아니므로 물건에 명백히 해당하므로 별도의 특허법적인 성립요건을 검토가 필요 없을듯하다. 반면에 비물체형의 디지털콘텐츠인 경우 물건인지 여부에 따라 특허법상 발명의 대상에 포함될 수도 있고, 없을 수도 있으므로 비물체형의 디지털콘텐츠가 물건인지 여부를 따지는 것은 특허법적 보호의 선결문제로서 중요한 의의가 있다. 비물체형의 디지털콘텐츠는 민법 제98조의 물건 해당성 중에서 ‘관리가능성’이 핵심적인 요소이다. 디지털콘텐츠는 컴퓨터상에서 파일의 형태로 존재하며, 컴퓨터하드웨어 조작기술에 의해 사용자가 사용 수익을 하는 데 있어서 기술적인 관리가 가능하고, 또한 거래의 대상이 되며 디지털콘텐츠를 사용 수익 처분하는 데 있어서 법률적으로 통제도 가능하고, 새로운 법률들이 속속 등장하고 있다. 따라서 비물체형의 디지털콘텐츠는 민법상 요구되는 ‘관리가능성’요건을 만족하고 있으므로 민법상의 물건에 해당됨에는 별 무리가 없는 듯하다. 비물체형의 디지털콘텐츠가 민법상의 물건에 해당한다면, 우선적으로 특허법상의 실시양태인 물건에 해당됨은 당연한 귀결이고, 특허법상의 보호대상에 진입할 수 있는 강력한 근거가 마련된다고 보아야 할 것이다.
Quasi-Experiment Study on Effectiveness Evaluation of Health Communication Strategies
송대종,최재욱,김경희,김민수,문지원 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.7
This experimental study examined differences in doctor-patient relationships according to the health communication strategies during cases of medical malpractices occurred at primary medical institution. A total of 116 subjects aged in their 20s-50s was sampled. The first medical malpractice scenario chosen was the medical malpractice case most frequently registered at the Korean Medical Association Mutual Aid and the second scenario was associated with materials and devices as the cause of malpractice. Four types of crisis communication strategy messages were utilized, consisting of denial, denial + ingratiation, apology, and apology + ingratiation. Subjects were classified into four research groups by crisis communication strategy to measure levels of trust, control mutuality, commitment, and satisfaction, before and after the occurrence of medical malpractice and application of communication strategies. The findings of this study revealed that the apology strategy, compared with the denial strategy, showed a smaller difference before and after the application of communication strategies in all variables of trust (F = 8.080, F = 5.768), control mutuality (F = 8.824, F = 9.081), commitment (F = 9.815, F = 8.301), and satisfaction (F = 8.723, F = 5.638). Further, a significant interaction effect was shown between variables. The apology strategy, compared with the denial strategy, was effective in the improvement of doctor-patient relationships in both Scenarios I and II. For Scenario I, the apology strategy without ingratiation boosted commitment and satisfaction, but for Scenario II, utilizing the apology strategy with ingratiation boosted the effectiveness of trust and commitment.
휴대전화 전자파 위험인식과 리스크커뮤니케이션 - 여성의 위험인식을 중심으로 -
김경희,송대종,최재욱,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Song, Dae-Jong,Choi, Jae-Wook 한국전자통신학회 2013 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.7
The study examined how the risk perception of cellular phone electromagnetic waves' possibility to harm human bodies would be psychologically different by gender and age. The study measured the risk perception targeting a total of 1,001 men and women in their twenties and more living in six major cities in Korea. According to the results, for the risk perception by gender, the women would recognize the risk of cellular phone electromagnetic waves more than the men. Among the women, those in their fifties appeared to have the greatest risk perception. In particular, the risk perception difference by age and gender was observed to be affected by psychological factors and, the study should be regarded academically significant for having verified the importance. For general people, they would perceive the risk via those psychological factors as experiences in daily life. Therefore, in order to relieve social conflicts caused by the risk, basic risk communication based on proper understanding of how the general people would recognize the risk should be provided. Hence, the study is expected to be a chance for intervention strategy research on how our community would proceed with communication and how the community, again, apprehends the cellular phone electromagnetic waves as well. 본 연구는 휴대전화 전자파의 인체유해 가능성에 대한 위험인식을 성별 및 연령에 따라 심리적 요인이 어떻게 차이가 발생하는지 원인을 분석하였다. 위험인식의 측정은 전국 6대 도시에 거주하고 있는 20대 이상 남녀 1,001명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 분석 결과 성별에 따른 위험인식의 차이는 여성이 남성보다 휴대전화 전자파에 대한 위험인식이 높았으며, 여성의 경우 50대의 위험인식이 가장 높았다. 특히 연령 및 성별에서의 위험인식 차이는 심리적 요인의 영향에서 발견하였고 그 중요성을 실증했다는데 이론적 함의를 찾을 수 있었다. 일반인은 위험인식을 심리적 요인과 같은 일상의 경험 등의 축적을 통해 위험을 인식하기 때문에 위험을 둘러싼 사회적 갈등을 완화하기 위해서는 일반인이 어떻게 위험을 인식하는지에 대한 올바른 이해에 기초한 위험커뮤니케이션을 제공해야 해야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 우리사회가 어떻게 휴대전화 전자파에 대한 위험을 판단하고, 의사소통해 나갈 것인지에 대한 개입전략연구의 기반을 제공하고자 하였다.
김경희(Kyung Hee Kim),이승길(Seung Kil Lee),송대종(Dae Jong Song),김해준(Hae-Joon Kim),조삼래(Sam Rae Cho),두용균(Yong Kyoon Doo),최재욱(Jae Wook Choi) 한국위험물학회 2013 한국위험물학회지 Vol.1 No.1
The purpose of this study was to determine the difference rate of the results for classification of chemicals by the criteria of GHS between Korea and Japan. A total of 200 chemicals with same Chemical Abstractive Service (CAS) number in Korea and Japan were finally selected for comparison. In order to determine the difference rate of for classification of chemicals, we compared the results in 15 classes (13 classes for health hazard and 2 classes for environmental hazard). Moreover, we analyzed the causes for leading to the different outcomes. The overall matching rate was 55.7%. The lowest matching rates were observed in ‘single exposure (27.5%)’ and ‘repeat exposure (37.0%)’ categories among the ‘specific target organ toxicity’ hazard class. Similarly, the highest matching rates were found in “Respiratory sensitization” and “Aspiration hazard” (94.0%, 91.0% for each). This study indicates that outcomes classified and labeled by GHS among countries could be different because they have performed the classification of chemicals by their own standards and interpretation of GHS. To minimize these differences, it is necessary to establish the technical guideline including the standardization for criteria of GHS internationally, the standardization of process in determination by experts, and provision of same reference list to be used, through an international or multi-party GHS expert committee.