여가라이프스타일 척도의 구성타당도 검증

손영미(Sohn Young-Mi),오세숙(Oh Sae-Sook) 한국체육과학회 2010 한국체육과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of the present study was to test the reliability and the construct validity of the leisure life style(LLS) scale developed by Woo & Sohn(2009). A convenience sample of 272 employed adults(male: 149, female: 123) was obtained in Korea. Statistical procedures included descriptive statistic, exploratory factor analysis(EFA), internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). The EFA results were shown that the LLS scale was consisted with the study of Woo & Sohn(2009). Results indicated that 7 LLS factors composed in 43 items were extracted: 'reasonable planning', 'sensation seeking', leisure helplessness', 'accessability', 'relation-centered', 'family-centered', and 'work-centered'. However, the EFA results of this study was more effective than the study of Woo & Sohn(2009). For example, the cumulative % of variance was improved from 43.71 to 50.08 and factor items were reduced from 62 to 43, and reliability was improved. Next, EFA was conducted to test the factor validity of this inventory with AMOS 7.0. Several goodness of fit indices was used to assess model fit: X²/df, GFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA. The LLS scale yielded a X²/df=1.964, GFI=.896, TLI=.913, CFI=.918, RMSEA=.062 that indicated an acceptable level of fit with no additional modification suggested.

코로나 19 시기, 유아 및 초등학생 자녀를 둔 워킹맘의 여가 경험에 대한 현상학적 분석

손영미(Sohn, Youngmi),신규리(Shin, Kyulee) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2021 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.45 No.3

The purpose of this study was to explore the leisure experience of working moms during the COVID-19 and to identify what leisure components were most paramount. In-depth interviews were conducted on working moms with infants and elementary-aged children. The collected data were analyzed using the four-step phenomenological analysis method. As a result, these subjects’ responses were extracted into five components and 14 sub-components. First, “the deprivation and exhaustion of leisure” during the Corona virus era was found to be the main leisure struggle of working moms of young children, and “survival leisure” was derived to be best at restoring their exhausted bodies and minds and to assist in a better work-family balance. Following was the “activation of family leisure”. Prior to COVID-19, core family leisure was common, but the mediated balance family leisure became more prominent during the pandemic. Finally, “leisure using online platforms” and “changed social activities” through active and online exchanges was also derived. In summary, we introduced one of the first studies to analyze the leisure experiences of working moms with infants and primary-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work will lead to a greater understanding of how these moms are being affected from a leisure point of view, help to establish leisure programs or initiatives to help these moms and families during the pandemic.

여가라이프스타일 척도 준거타당도 검증 연구

손영미(Young Mi Sohn),오세숙(Sae Sook Oh),우성남(Sung Nam Woo) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2010 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.34 No.2

This study was examined the reliability and the criterion-related validity of the leisure life style scale to test its functional efficiency. Useable data were collected from 340 university students(157 male and 183 female). Principle axis analysis with promax rotation was used to assess if the data would result in distinct leisure life style dimensions and reliability coefficients(Cronbach`s alpha) were used to examine the internal consistency of the score generated from each factor. Results indicated that six factors were found: `leisure helplessness`, `family-centered`, `sensation seeking`, `relation-centered`, `reasonable planning`, and `work-centered`, explaining 54.26% of the variance. The LLS scale yielded a CMIN/DF 1.375, GFI .914, TLI .939, RMSA .036 that indicated an acceptable level of fit with no additional modification suggested. Cronbach`s alpha reliability coefficient of each factor was suitable. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated. Results revealed moderate associations among the leisure-related factors and psychological health factors. Especially, `helplessness` factor was negatively related to leisure-related factors and psychological health factors but `sensation seeking` and `reasonable planning` were positively related to. According to these results, the factor structures were suitable and the criterion-related validity was high.

상호협조적-독립적 부모자녀관계가 진로정체감 지위유형에 미치는 영향에 대한 비교문화연구 : 한국과 미국대학생을 중심으로

손영미 ( Sohn Youngmi ),박정열 ( Park Cheong-yeul ) 안암교육학회 2021 한국교육학연구 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 상호협조적-독립적 부모자녀관계가 한국과 미국대학생의 진로정체감 지위유형에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있는지 비교문화적 관점에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 4년제 대학교에 다니는 만 19세이상 한국(402명)과 미국(305) 대학생의 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 계층적 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 두 문화 모두 Porfeli 등(2011)이 제안한 지위유형과 유사한 특성을 보이는 6개의 지위유형(성취, 탐색유예, 유실, 유예, 혼미, 미분화)이 추출되었다. 다음으로, 진로정체감 지위유형에 따라 부모자녀관계에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보기 위해 일원변량분석을 실시한 결과, 한국과 미국대학생 모두 성취와 탐색유예 지위가 다른 유형에 비해 부모자녀일체감과 친애적 효의식, 자율적 지지 수준이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 그러나 유실지위는 문화간 차이를 보였는데, 한국대학생들은 유실지위와 성취지위가 비슷한 부모자녀관계 특성을 보인 반면 미국대학생들은 유실지위와 미분화지위의 부모자녀관계 특성이 유사한 경향성을 보였다. 마지막으로, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 부모자녀관계가 진로정체감 지위유형에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 한국대학생은 가족침입성이 높을수록, 미국대학생은 자율적 지지가 높을수록 유실보다 성취지위유형에 포함되는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 한국대학생들은 부모자녀일체감이 높을수록, 미국대학생들은 권위적 효의식이 높을수록 유예지위보다 유실지위에 포함될 가능성이 높았다. 본 결과를 비교문화적 관점에서 해석하였으며, 한국대학생들의 진로상담에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다. This study was conducted to investigate if there were cross-cultural differences in the effect of interdependent-independent parent-child relationship on the career identity status of Korean and American college students. For this purpose, we analyzed the data of Korean (n=402) and American (n=305) college students over the age of 19. Results were as follows: First, Using a cluster analysis with a two-step procedure, the final solutions of Korea and the United States students included six identity clusters (achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion, searching moratorium and undifferentiated) that were quite similar to the solution obtained by Porfeli et al.(2011). Next, as a result of a one-way ANOVA to examine whether there was difference in interdependent-independent parent-child relationship according to the career identity status, both achievement and searching moratorium status were found to have higher level of oneness, reciprocal filial piety and autonomy than other status. However, there were cultural differences in foreclosure status. In the case of Korean students, both foreclosure and achievement status showed similar parent-child relationship tendencies each other, while foreclosure and discrimination status in American students were likely to show similar tendencies in the parent-child relationship. Finally, multinominal logistic analysis results revealed that the higher the family intrusiveness of Korean students and the higher autonomy support of American students, the more tended to be included in the achievement status rather than foreclosure status. In addition, Korean students with high oneness were more likely to belong to the foreclosure status than to the moratorium status. On the other hand, American students with high authoritative filial piety were likely to belong to the foreclosure status. We interpreted these results from a cross-cultural perspective, and discussed the implications for career counseling for Korean university students.

부정적 대인관계와 신체화의 관계에서 정서처리의 역할: 정서인식, 정서주의, 정서표현어려움의 다중매개효과 검증

손영미(Sohn, Youngmi),이나라(Lee, Nara),박정열(Park, Cheongyeul) 한국웰니스학회 2021 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 대학생의 부정적 대인관계와 신체화의 관계에서 정서인식, 정서주의, 정서표현어려움의 병렬매개효과를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 전국 4년제 대학에 재학중인 420명의 대학생을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. SPSS 26.0과 Process Macro 3.5를 사용하여 자료분석을 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 상관분석결과, 부정적 대인관계 수준이 높을수록 신체화 증상이 심한 것으로 드러났다. 또한 부정적 대인관계 수준이 높을수록 정서인식과 정서주의 수준은 낮은 경향이 있으며, 정서표현의 어려움 수준은 높은 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 다중매개분석결과, 정서인식만이 부정적 대인관계와 신체화를 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 드러났으며, 정서주의와 정서표현어려움은 부정적 대인관계와 신체화를 유의하게 매개하지 않았다. 이는 부정적 대인관계로 인해 신체화 증상을 경험하는 대학생들을 상담할 때 이들의 정서인식수준을 중요하게 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 시사점과 향후 과제를 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to verify the multiple mediation effects of emotional awareness, emotional attention and difficulty in emotional expression between negative interpersonal relationships and somatization. For this purpose, data were collected from 420 four-year college students nationwide. SPSS 26.0 and Process Macro 3.5 were used for data analysis. The results were as follows. First of all, the higher the level of negative interpersonal relationships was, the higher the level of somatization. Also, the higher the level of negative interpersonal relationships was, the lower the level of emotional awareness and emotional attention, while the higher difficulty in emotional expression. Second, only emotional awareness had a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between negative interpersonal relationships and somatization, while the mediation effects of emotional attention and difficulty in emotional expression were not significant. This results showed that emotional awareness should be significantly considered when counseling with college students about somatization resulting from negative interpersonal relationships. Based on these results, the implications and future research were discussed.

메어리 울스톤크래프트의 소설에 나타난 낭만성과 페미니스트 담화의 문제

손영미(Young Mi Sohn) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 1999 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.7 No.1

To her contempories, Mary Wollstonecraft was known for her militant vindications of human rights, women`s rights, and the sovereignty of reason. In various works that made her an international celebrity two centuries ago, she argued that reason in every man and woman calls for and makes possible a just society. This essay studies how Wollstonecraft`s attitude toward sensibility manifests itself in her novels Mary and Maria. The paper also identifies various forces that contributed to the formation of this attitude, including the autobiographical elements, the sensibility or sentimental novels, and the influence of Rousseau. Her two novels combine these Romantic influences in various ways: the nature of subjectivity of the female protagonists, their relationships with men and society in general, and how their Romantic (individualistic and emotion-centered) attitudes clash with the dominant social reality and cause them to suffer painful consequences. However, it is important to see that the two novels feature several devices to keep the readers from uncritically identifying with the female characters. Although the two novels seem to reflect a favorable view of the forces that made up the Romantic side of Wollstonecraft`s work, she invariably tries to warn her readers of the personal and societal dangers these forces might bring about. To establish a critical distance in her readers, Wollstonecraft creates a gap between the narrator and the protagonists, and offers different points of focus and different narratives. These devices are used to further her feminist agenda in these otherwise highly autobiographical and sentimental novels. Additionally, they demonstrate how difficult it must have been for their author to maintain a balance between the rationalist stance she firmly believed in, and the sentimental and Romantic sensibility that came to dominate the European literary scene for the next three decades, of which she herself was a precursor.

시간, 기억, 역사: 토니 모리슨의 『빌러비드』

손영미 ( Youngmi Sohn ) 대한영어영문학회 2000 영어영문학연구 Vol.26 No.2

One of the remarkable features of recent works of literature is the presence of characters who are unable or unwilling to speak. In some eases the author intentionally obfuscates the personality and consciousness of his or her characters, so readers who are used to traditional transparent round characters have often experience difficulty grasping the signiticance and raison d'etre of such characters in the work. However, the capacity or silence of such characters is a way to suggest new viewpoints or systems of values of marginal groups such as ethnic minority, women, and other disadvantaged people whose history and experience have been systematically ignored/cancelled/erased by the agency and violence of the dominant groups and their narratives. Toni Morrison’s Beloved is a fascinating ease study of such “rememory” projects in which the author employs the concepts and configurations of Lacanian psychoanalysis to reclaim the forgotten history of American blacks. The characters in the novel have an extraordinary sensitivity to time, a habit to define their experiences in terms of time, and most of them have cut themselves off from the present and future precisely because the past has been too dark, painful, and absurd for them to enjoy the moments in the present or have any plans or hopes for the future. Their life is a continued process of defending themselves from the onset of cruel past. The ghost-character Beloved who appears to be a beautiful young woman but has the mind of a very young child comes back from the slave family’s past to reclaim her infancy and her relationship with her mother Sethe. Her ghost haunts the house because her mother has not let go of the memory of her own murder of the child, and once the baby comes back, she creates a havoc and drains her mother and her sister Denver every drop of strength and affection as if what she had missed had to be taken now with vengeance. Morrison delineates the process of her reclamation of her mother’s affection and their symbiotic, dyadic relationship in terms of Lacanian theory although their inhuman past is nothing like the cosy family myth that forms the foundation of psychoanalysis. The result is heartbreaking and revealing in that the history of black families in the novel is riddled with deaths, separations, desertions, deprivations, rapes, poverty, and insanity caused by intolerable abuses they suffer at the hands of the whites. The Freudian-Lacanian theory is radically flouted in the novel because there is simply no room for a normal development of Oedipus complex, sibling rivalry or other such concepts in the novel; it only shows how thoroughly the institution of slavery disturbed and destroyed the family myth and how the spiritual strength of the black community has helped them cope with the pain of time. The novel is a telling example of recent literary projects that examine the historical and political implications and efficacy of group memory and its narrative expressions. Morrison said on several occasions how the past, not the future, of black people is her major interest and how she wants to reclaim and rewrite that history, and it is the underlying current that vitalizes this haunting and haunted novel. <Wonkwang University>

대학생의 여가라이프스타일에 따른 여가소비 및 심리적 특성

손영미(Young Mi Sohn),오세숙(Sae Sook Oh) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2011 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.35 No.2

The present study was to investigate what leisure lifestyles were existed among a sample of university students, and particularly, how leisure lifestyle influenced leisure consumption and psychological health-related factor. A sample of 468 students from universities located into Seoul and Kyonggi province was obtained and analyzed. The results are as follows. first, three clustered types of leisure lifestyle were posited. First type of leisure lifestyle(active leisure) has a high level of sensation seeking and a lowest level of leisure helplessness. Second type of leisure lifestyle(ied to exdetivation) has a low level of leisure detivation and a high level of leisure helplessness. Third type of leisure lifestyle(surk-centered famicyileisure) shows that surk is dere important than leisure in life and is tend to have famicisticfied to activity. Secondly, there are statistically distinct differences between leisure consumption and psychological health-related factors among three types of leisure lifestyle.

Languages of Power: Pauline in Louise Erdrich`s Tracks

손영미 ( Young Mi Sohn ) 서울대학교 미국학연구소 1994 미국학 Vol.17 No.-

미국문학과 타자성의 문제: 어슐러 르 귄과 토니 모리슨

손영미 ( Sohn Youngmi ) 대한영어영문학회 2001 영어영문학연구 Vol.27 No.2

The idea of alterity or heterogeneity has been one of the key issues in literature as well as in other areas of postmodern investigations, including philosophy, feminism, and postcolonial studies. Scholars in those fields argue that traditional Western philosophy revolves around the dualistic vision and self-other division that inevitably lead to an unethical view that regards the other as an ontologically and epistemologically inferior being. Postmodern philosophy questions the tradition of dualism in terms of its attitudes toward the difference between mind and body, humans and animals, men and women, and consciousness and subconsciousness. It also examines the tradition's attitudes toward temporality and productivity. Various philosophers argue that a person can never achieve a genuine identification with oneself, not to mention with others because one lives in an entirely different time than one's past or future selves and others. That is why one should never attempt to totalize other human beings; rather, one is a hostage to the face of the other because the other, with his or her infinite vulnerability, demands one's love and responsibility. Anti-productivity is another important postmodern concept that derives from such an attitude toward others including the environment and other people. The essay examines two novels, i. e. Ursula Le Guin's Always Coming Home (1985) and Toni Morrison's Tar Baby (1981) to see how such postmodern reflections determine and qualify the careers and moral standings of major characters and their societies. The idea of alterity takes on a more complex and disturbing character when it is associated with American Literature, since the history of the nation is riddled with conflicts, conquests, ethnocides and other forms of extreme violence perpetrated against various others such as Native Indians, blacks, non-Christians, women, and immigrants. The white Americans defined and defended themselves against the others and forged new identities for them. In Always Coming Home, Le Guin portrays a utopian community named Kesh, where the other is respected and loved (and sometimes just left alone), where men and women live in equality and freedom, and the characteristics of this good society are highlighted against the backdrop of a bad society called Dayao that bears a striking resemblance to the Judaic community in Old Testament literature with its monotheism and strict patriarchal system. Morrison likewise contrasts the blacks and whites in her novel to examine how the whites' misguided notions of time and history distort and erase the other, and how the same attitude alienates them from their own true selves. She creates a female character named Jadine Childs who is a black but thinks like a white, and her confused, fumbling, and eventually aborted search for black identity through her love affair with Son shows how tough it is to imagine the other, understand the other, and establish one's proper relationship with himiher. These novels are remarkable because they both show how the idea of alterity operates from both perspectives (that of self and of the other), how it can define and modify one's identity, and how it determines the moral and political character of a community. They both argue that only when one is able to establish an ethical relationship with the other, be it another human being, nature, or one's own unconscious, can one live a full and meaningful life. < Wonkwang University >