지기산(홍성군) 일대의 관속식물상

박환준,김중현,김진석,안지홍,이경의,황요섭,이병윤,남기흠 한국환경영향평가학회 2018 환경영향평가 Vol.27 No.6

To provide fundamental information to areas that lack data on the plant resources and the ecosystem, this study conducted a survey on the vascular plants in Mt. Jigisan in Hongseonggun. The vascular plants identified during the six-round field surveys were a total of 443 taxa: 96 families, 286 genera, 391 species, 7 subspecies, 40 varieties, 3 forms, and 2 hybrids. On floristic regional of Korea, Mt. Jigisan is deciduous broad-leaved and conifer-mixed forest which is south province of Korean peninsula. 4 taxa of Korean endemic plants such as Populus × tomentiglandulosa, Forsytsythia koreana, Forsytsythia ovate, and Iris rossii var. latifolia were collected. The vascular plants on the red list according to IUCN evaluation basis were found to be 6 taxa: Vulnerable (VU) species of Forsytsythia ovata, Least Conern (LC) species of Chionanthus retusus, Pseudoraphis ukishiba, and Cymbidium goeringii, and Not Evaluate (NE) species of Panax ginseng, and Fimbristylis verrucifera. The floristic regional indicator plants were found 27 taxa: 2 taxa of grade Ⅴ, 3 taxa of grade Ⅳ, 6 taxa of grade Ⅲ, 4 taxa of grade Ⅱ, and 12 taxa of grade Ⅰ. The specific distribution plants were found 27 taxa: 4 taxa of northern part of plants, 12 taxa of southern part of plants, 10 taxa of isolation distribution of plants, and 1 taxon of recently reported Viola betonicifolia var. albescens. The invasive alien plants were identified as 67 taxa. The naturalized index (NI) was 15.12%, and urbanization index (UI) was 20.9%, respectively. 본 연구는 식물자원 및 생태계에 대한 정보가 부족한 지기산 일대를 대상으로 관속식물상을 조사하여 자연환경 평가 및 기초자료 구축을 위해 수행되었다. 현지조사 결과, 낙엽활엽수 및 침활혼효림을 이루는 지역으로서 관속식물은 96과 286속 391종 7아종 40변종 3품종 2교잡종 등443분류군이 확인되었다. 한반도 고유종은 은사시나무, 개나리, 만리화, 넓은잎각시붓꽃 4분류군이 확인되었다. IUCN 평가기준에따른 적색목록은 6분류군으로 취약종(VU)에 만리화, 관심대상종(LC)에 이팝나무, 물잔디, 보춘화, 미평가종(NE)에 인삼, 푸른하늘지기가 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 27분류군으로, V등급에 2분류군, IV등급에 3분류군, III등급에 6분류군, II등급에 4분류군, I등급에 12분류군이 조사되었다. 특이분포식물은 27분류군으로 북방계식물이 4분류군, 남방계식물이 12분류군, 격리분포식물이 10분류군이었으며, 최근 학계에 보고된 흰들제비꽃 1분류군이 확인되었다. 외래식물은 67분류군으로 귀화율(NI) 15.12%, 도시화지수(UI) 20.9%로 나타났다.

초고압 처리한 생굴의 저장 중 미생물수 및 품질 변화

박환준(Whan-Jun Park),좌미경(Mi-Kyung Jwa),현선희(Sun-Hee Hyun),임상빈(Sangbin Lim),송대진(Dae-Jin Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.10

Raw oysters were treated at 10℃ and 22℃/350 MPa/15 min, and microbial counts and quality were measured during storage of 14 days at 10℃. Total viable cell count (TVCC) in untreated oyster increased greatly during storage from starting inoculum of 1.6×10<SUP>2</SUP> CFU/mL, and reached to 5.6×10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/mL after 4 days of storage. TVCC of the pressure-treated was about 10<SUP>1</SUP> CFU/mL right after high hydrostatic pressure treatment and increased slowly during storage, and about 10<SUP>3</SUP> CFU/mL even after 7 days of storage. Lactic acid bacteria count (LABC) in the untreated was increased greatly during storage from starting inoculum of 3.3×10<SUP>3</SUP> CFU/mL at 3 days of storage, and 7.2×10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/mL after 4 days of storage. LABC in the pressure-treated was detected only after 5 days of storage, and about 10<SUP>2</SUP> CFU/mL after 8 days of storage. The pH of the untreated was 6.19 and decreased gradually during storage, and 5.83 after 4 days of storage. The pH of the pressure-treated showed little change during storage, and 6.07, 6.03 and 5.82 after storage of 4, 8 and 14 days, respectively. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) in the untreated was 16.8 mg%, and maintained almost constant until 1 day of storage, and then increased suddenly, and 30.1 mg% after 4 days of storage. VBN of the pressure-treated stayed unchanged during storage, and about 20 and 23 mg% even after 4 and 8 days of storage, respectively. Hunter L<SUP>*</SUP>, a<SUP>*</SUP> and b<SUP>*</SUP> values were increased until 2 days of storage and then showed no change during storage. Demerit score was the lowest in the thawed raw oyster, and then in the increasing order of the pressure-treated(4 day and 8 day storage) and the untreated (4 day storage).

소백산국립공원 삼가지구 관속식물의 고도별 분포패턴

박환준 ( Hwan Joon Park ),안지홍 ( Ji Hong Ahn ),서인순 ( In Soon Seo ),이새롬 ( Sae Rom Lee ),이병윤 ( Byoung Yoon Lee ),김중현 ( Jung Hyun Kim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.1

소백산국립공원 삼가지구 관속식물의 고도별 수직분포 및 분포변화를 파악하기 위해 삼가탐방지원센터(400 m)에서 정상(1,439 m)까지 해발 100 m 단위로 등분하여 11개 구간에 대한 식물목록을 작성하였다. 현지조사를 실시한 결과 92과 235속 332종 3아종 37변종 3품종 총 375분류군이 출현하였다. 구간별 식물 종다양성 패턴을 분석한 결과, 고도가 증가함에 따라 점차 종다양성이 감소하다가 특정구간에서 증가하는 역단봉형 패턴이 나타났다. 고도에 따른 종 분포패턴과 치환성 양이온 Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ 와 토양 pH, 유효인산, 온량지수, 조사면적 등의 환경요인이 양의 상관관계를 보였고 경사, 토양 수분, 치환성 양이온 Na²⁺이 음의 상관관계를 보였다. DCA 분석 기법을 이용하여 구간별 식분의 분포를 분석한 결과 Ⅰ,Ⅱ축 상에서 2개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 구간별 식분의 배치는 400∼500 m 구간부터 1400∼1500 m 구간까지 순차적으로 배열되었다. 이러한 식분의 배치에 영향을 미치는 환경요인은 토양 수분, pH, K²⁺, Na²⁺, 유효인산, 경사도 등 토양 및 지형적 요인으로 나타났다. 생물다양성 보전, 지속가능한 이용에 있어서 본 연구 결과는 중요한 기초자료로서 역할을 할 것으로 기대되며, 식물종들의 생태·환경적 특징과, 분포범위를 파악하기 위해서는 지속적인 모니터링과 함께 관련 연구들을 지속적으로 발전시켜야 할 것이다. In order to evaluate the vertical distribution and distributional pattern of vascular plants in the Samga district of Sobaeksan National Park, vascular plants were surveyed along a hiking trail from the Samga Tour Support Center to the top of a mountain. The elevation range was divided into 11 sections with 100 m intervals from 400 m to 1439 m above sea level.A total of 375 taxa were listed, comprising 92 families, 235 genera, 332 species, 3 subspecies, 37 varieties, and 3 forms. The pattern of species richness along theelevational gradient showed a reverse hump-shaped trend. The species distribution pattern was positively correlatedwith the soil exchangeable cations Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, soil pH, available phosphate, and the warmth index. Furthermore, slope, soil moisture content, and soil exchangeable cations were significantly correlatedwith species distribution. DCA grouped herb species into two groups. Stands of each section were sequentially arranged from 400 m to 1500 m along an altitudinal gradient. Soil moisture content, soil pH, soil K²⁺ and Na²⁺, available phosphate, and slope were significantly correlated with stand distribution. This study provides important data that could be useful for conservation and the sustainable use of biodiversityin the study area. In order to understand the ecological and environmental characteristics and distribution of plant species, it will be necessary to continuously develop relative studies with continuous monitoring.

생굴 중 Vibrio parahaemolyticus와 Escherichia coli의 초고압 살균

박환준(Whan-Jun Park),좌미경(Mi-Kyung Jwa),현선희(Sun-Hee Hyun),임상빈(Sangbin Lim),송대진(Dae-Jin Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.7

V. parahaemolyticus와 E. coli를 접종한 생굴을 대상으로 초고압처리 조건을 달리하여 살균효과를 측정하였다. 처리조건에 따른 V. parahaemolyticus의 균수 변화를 보면, 무처리한 굴의 초기 배양균수는 3.8×10? CFU/mL이었는데,22℃/10분에서 100~300 MPa로 처리한 결과 처리압력의 증가에 따라 감소하였으며 200 MPa 이상의 처리로 완전히 사멸되었다. 22℃/150 MPa에서 5~30분으로 처리한 결과 처리시간의 증가에 따라 지속적으로 감소하였다가 25분 이상처리하였을 때 모두 사멸되었다. 100 MPa에서 0, 10℃로 처리한 결과 동일 처리압력과 처리시간에서 처리온도가 낮을 수록 미생물의 사멸율은 높았으며, 100 MPa/0℃와 10℃에서 각각 20분과 25분 처리하였을 때 완전히 사멸되었다. 처리조건에 따른 E. coli의 균수변화를 보면, 무처리한 굴의 초기 배양균수는 4.0×107 CFU/mL이었는데, 22℃/15분에서 150~400 MPa로 처리한 결과 처리압력 250 MPa까지는 거의 변화가 없었으나 그 이상의 압력에서는 급격히 감소하였으며 375 MPa 이상에서는 완전히 사멸되었다. 300 MPa/15분에서 0, 10, 22℃로 처리한 결과 동일한 처리압력과 처리시간에서 처리온도가 낮을수록 살균효과가 더 높았다. 10℃/350 MPa에서 5~25분으로 처리한 결과 처리시간의 증가에 따라 균수가 급격히 감소하였으며, 350 MPa에서 5분처리로 약 4 log cycle 감소하였고 15분 이상의 처리로 검출한계 이하였다. Raw oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was inoculated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli, treated with high hydrostatic pressure and evaluated for microbial counts. Cell death of V. parahaemolyticus (Vp) increased with the increase of applied pressure. Vp starting inoculum of 3.8×10? CFU/mL was totally eliminated after exposure to 200 MPa for 10 min at 22℃. Viable cell of Vp decreased with the increase in treatment time and dropped below the detection limit with treatment for 25 min at 22℃/150 MPa. The number of Vp decreased with the decrease of applied temperature at the same treatment pressure and time. Vp was killed by treatment of 0℃ and 10℃ for 20 and 25 min at 100 MPa, respectively. For E. coli, there was an initial lag up to 250 MPa followed by a rapid decline. Treatment at 325 MPa/22℃ for 15 min caused 5-log reduction, while that at 375 MPa resulted in total reduction of starting inoculum of 4.0×107 CFU/mL. Lower treatment temperature showed higher killing effect of E. coli at the same treatment pressure and time. Viable cell of E. coli decreased with the increase in treatment time, and 4-log reduction was achieved with treatment of 5 min at 10℃/350 MPa and then total reduction was achieved after treatment of 15 min. Higher pressure, lower temperature and longer time were more effective in sterilizing V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli.

태백산국립공원 백단사코스의 고도별 관속식물상 변화와 환경요인 분석

안지홍,박환준,이새롬,서인순,남기흠,김중현 한국환경생태학회 2019 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.33 No.4

This study generated a list of plants in eight sections from the Baekdansa ticket office (874m) to Cheonjedan (1,560m) divided in the interval of 100m above sea level to examine the species diversity patterns and distribution changes of the vascular plants at different altitudes in Taebaeksan National Park. Four site surveys found a total of 385 taxa: 89 families, 240 genera, 345 species, 5 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 1 form. A result of analyzing the change of species diversity along elevational gradients showed that it decreased with increasing elevation and then increased from a certain section. A result of analyzing habitat affinity types showed that the proportion of forest species increased with increasing elevation. On the other hand, the ruderal species appeared at a high rate in the artificial interference section. A result of comparing the proportion of woody and herb plants showed that the woody plants gradually increased with elevation and rapidly decreased in the artificial interference section. On the other hand, the herb plants showed the opposite trend. A result of analyzing the change of distribution of species according to altitude with the DCA technique showed that the vascular plants were divided into three groups according to the elevation in order on the Ⅰ axis with the boundaries at 900m and 1,300m above sea level. The arrangement of each stand from right to left along the altitude on the Ⅰ axis with a significant correlation with warmth index (WI) confirmed that the temperature change along the altitude could affect the distribution of vascular plants, composition, and diversity. Therefore, the continuous monitoring is necessary to confirm ecological and environmental characteristics of vegetation, distribution ranges, changes of habitat. We expect that the results of this study will be used as the basic data for establishing the measurement measures related to the preservation of biodiversity and climate change. 태백산국립공원의 고도별 관속식물의 종다양성 패턴 및 분포변화를 파악하기 위해 백단사매표소(874m)에서 천제단(1,560m)까지 해발 100m 단위로 등분하여 8개 구간에 대한 식물목록을 작성하였다. 총 4회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시한결과 89과 240속 345종 5아종 34변종 1품종의 총 385분류군이 출현하였다. 고도별 종다양성의 변화를 분석한 결과, 고도가높아짐에 따라 점차 감소하다가 특정 구간에서부터 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 구간별 출현종의 생육지 유형을 분석한결과, 고도가 높아짐에 따라 산림에 생육하는 종의 비율은 증가하였고, 교란지에 생육하는 종의 비율은 인위적 간섭이 높은곳에서 높은 비율로 출현하였다. 구간별 목본식물과 초본식물이 각각 차지하는 비율을 비교한 결과, 목본식물의 경우 고도가높아짐에 따라 점차 증가하다가 인위적 간섭이 높은 구간에서 큰 폭으로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 초본식물의 경우 그 반대의경향성을 나타냈다. DCA기법을 이용하여 출현종의 고도별 분포변화를 분석한 결과, Ⅰ축상의 해발 900m와 1,300m를경계로 3개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 구간별 식분의 배치는 Ⅰ축상의 오른쪽으로부터 왼쪽을 향해 고도에 따라 배열되었고, Ⅰ축은 온량지수(WI)와 유의한 상관관계를 나타냄에 따라 고도에 따른 온도변화가 식물분포의 양상에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 기후변화로 인한 기온상승은 식물종의 수직 분포 한계선과 식물군락의 종조성 변화 및 다양성에영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구결과는 생물다양성의 보전과 기후변화에 따른 관리방안 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될것으로 판단된다.

경상누층군 자암산의 관속식물상

김중현,박환준,남기흠,이경의,김진석 한국환경생물학회 2019 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.37 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Jaamsan on the Gyeongsang supergroup, Korea. From the results of eight field surveys from March to October 2017, we have identified 530 total taxa, representing 483 species, eight subspecies, 35 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids, which were placed in 325 genera and 110 families. The plant formation of Mt. Jaamsan is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forests, which are the common ones in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Most of the mountain is covered with young secondary forest, which is mainly composed of Quercus spp., and Pinus. Out of these 530 taxa, 12 are endemic to Korea, 17 taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 65 are floristic target species, and 55 are invasive alien species. The percentage of naturalized index (NI) and urbanization index (UI) were 10.4% and 17.2%, respectively. Mt. Jaamsan has a high plant diversity, including endemic and rare species, which consist of geomorphological landscapes. We considered that the composition and distribution of species are affected by the different environmental factors according to the sedimentary rocks, drying ridges, valleys, and streams. Together with the rocks and soils were the substrate type that play a major role in providing the unique habitats for sun plants in the area. 본 연구는 경상누층군 자암산의 관속식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물에 대해 조사하였다. 2017년 3월부터 10월까지 총 8회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시한 결과, 관속식물은 110과 325속 483종 8아종 35변종 2품종 2교잡종으로 총 530분류군이 확인되었다. 자암산은 온대 중부지역에 속하고 침엽수와 낙엽활엽수 혼합림으로 산지의 대부분은 소나무-참나무류가 우점하며, 2차림으로 구성된다. 한반도 고유종은 12분류군, IUCN 평가기준에 따른 적색목록식물은 17분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 65분류군이 관찰되었다. 침입외래식물은 55분류군이며, 귀화율 10.4%, 도시화지수 17.2%로 나타났다. 자암산은 고유종, 희귀종을 포함하여 식물다양성이 높을 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 지형요소들이 주요 경관을 이루고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 조사지 내의 퇴적암벽, 건조한 능선, 계곡, 하천 등의 다양한 환경 요인이 종조성과 분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 이 지역의 암석과 토양은 양지식물에 대한 특이적 환경을 제공하는 데 있어 주요한 요인으로 작용하였다.

오대산국립공원 계방산지구 관속식물의 고도별 수직분포

안지홍,박환준,남기홍,박찬호,김중현 한국하천호수학회 2017 생태와 환경 Vol.50 No.4

In order to investigate distribution of vascular plants along elevational gradient in the Nodong valley of Gyebangsan, vascular plants of eight sections with 100-meter-high were surveyed from the Auto-camping site (800 m) to the top of a mountain (1,577 m). There were a total of 382 taxa: 89 families, 234 genera, 339 species, 7 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 2 forms. As a result of analyzing the pattern of species richness, it showed a reversed hump-shaped with minimum richness at mid-high elevation. As a result of analyzing habitat affinity types, the proportion of forest species increased with increasing elevation. But, the ruderal species decreased with increasing elevation, and then increased at the top of a mountain. As for the proportion of life forms, the annual herbs gradually decreased with increasing elevation, but it did not appear between 1,300 m and 1,500 m and then increased at the top of a mountain. The trees gradually increased with elevation and decreased from 1,300~1,400 m. The vascular plants divided into four groups by using DCA. The arrangement of each stands was arranged in order from right to left on the Ⅰ axis according to the elevation. The distribution of vascular plants is determined by their own optimal ranges of vegetation. Also, rise in temperature due to climate change affects the distribution of vascular plants, composition, and diversity. Therefore, continuous monitoring is necessary to confirm ecological and environmental characteristics of vegetation, distribution ranges, changes of habitat. Furthermor plans for conservation and management based on these data should be prepared according to climate change.

현무암지대 운봉산의 관속식물상

김중현,박환준,이경의,김진석 한국환경생물학회 2020 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.38 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the flora of Mt. Unbongsan in the basalt areas of Korea. From the results of eight field surveys undertaken from March to October 2017, we identified 404 total taxa, representing 364 species, seven subspecies, and 33 varieties, which were placed in 256 genera and 91 families. The plant formation of Mt. Unbongsan is a deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forest, which is common in the middle part of the Korean peninsula. Most of the mountain is covered by a young secondary forest, which is mainly composed of Quercus monglica and Pinus densiflora. Out of these 404 taxa, 193 were the first records for the region, six were endemic to Korea, three were listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 34 were floristic target species, and 40 were invasive alien species. The naturalized index (NI) percentage was 9.9%. Mt. Unbongsan has plant diversity, which was associated with the geomorphological landscapes. We considered that the composition and distribution of the species were affected by different environmental factors according to the presence of granite, taluses, block streams, drying ridges, valleys, puddles, wetlands, and streams. 본 연구는 현무암지대 운봉산의 관속식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물을 조사하였다. 2017년 3월부터 10월까지 총 8회에 걸쳐 조사한 결과, 관속식물은 91과 256속 364종 7아종 33변종으로 총 404분류군이 확인되었다. 운봉산은 온대 중부지역에 속하고 침엽수와 낙엽활엽수 혼합림으로 산지의 대부분은 신갈나무 - 소나무가 우점하며, 2차림으로 구성된다. 운봉산에서 새로이 확인된 식물은 193분류군, 한반도 고유종은 6분류군, IUCN 평가기준에 따른 적색목록식물은 3분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 34분류군이 확인되었다. 침입외래식물은 40분류군이며, 귀화율 9.9%로 나타났다. 운봉산은 다양한 식물들과 지형 요소들이 주요 경관을 이루고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 조사지 내의 화강암, 현무암 애추, 건조한 능선, 계곡, 웅덩이, 습지, 하천 등의 다양한 환경적 요인이 종조성과 분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다.

6-benzylaminopurine의 엽면살포가 나도풍란 유묘의생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향 분석

안지애,박형빈,김평범,박환준,김성준,이창우,이병두,백주형,김남영,황정은 한국환경생태학회 2023 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.33 No.2

6-benzylaminopurine의 엽면살포가 나도풍란 유묘의 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향 분석

안지애,황정은,박형빈,박환준,김성준,이창우,이병두,백주형,김남영,김평범 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Sedirea japonica is one of the critically endangered species in South Korea mostly due to artificial harms such as illegal collection and habitat destruction. Therefore, artificial propagation through improving germination rate, increasing growth, and controlling flowering is meaningful for the conservation and reintroduction of S. japonica. It is suggested that cytokinins are one of the multi-factors that contribute to plant growth and floral responses. Especially, exogenous cytokinins have been known to induce or promote shoot growth or earlier flowering in orchids. Therefore, it was investigated how the application of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) influenced the growth and inflorescence of S. japonica. A foliar spray containing BA at 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm was applied from 1st July to 30th December 2021. Leaf length, leaf length growth rate, leaf width, and width and length ratio were measured as growth-related factors. Visible inflorescence rate, inflorescence length, the number of flowers per inflorescence, and the distance between the stalks were measured as flowering-related factors. Growth-related factors except for leaf growth rate were not affected by BA treatments, while leaf growth rate was significantly increased by 200 ppm of BA treatment. The visible inflorescence rate increased by 200 ppm of BA treatment, and there seems an optimal concentration and threshold of BA treatment. An iterative experiment with more seedlings and measurement factors would be helpful to figure out the effects of exogenous BA treatment on S. japonica, and it can be applied for mass propagation.