티모티 리차드(Timothy Richard) 선교사와 청말(淸末) 중국의 개혁운동

박형신 한국교회사학회 2012 韓國敎會史學會誌 Vol.33 No.-

Timothy Richard(1845-1919), a Welsh missionary, acted as the spearhead of the missionaries in China who were interested in the reform of the late Qing society. Being sent by the Baptist Missionary Society, he worked in the areas including North China and Shanghai from 1870 to 1916 and his works included relief, literature, education, and social reform as well as evangelism. Sublating the hagiographical writings on him published in the first decades following his death and the socialist historiography utterly criticizing him as the agent of imperialism from the other side, this study tries to take a look both at his missionary motivation for the reform of Chinese society and politics and at his problematic toleration of the imperialistic Western Powers that was implied in his suggestions. Richard was convinced that Western civilization was benefited from the discovery of “the workings of God in Nature.” Communicating with the highest Chinese officials like Zhang Zidong and Li Hongzhang of the Self-Strengthening Movement, which was started in the 1860s, he made an effort to provide the society with scientific education and reform ideas in many areas including agriculture, industry, commerce, transportation, education, and religious education. Serving as the general secretary of the Society for the Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge among the Chinese (SDK/SDCGK) since 1891, he had a great opportunity to help the Chinese society with writing essays, translating books, publishing books and periodicals. Especially, his translation of History of Nineteenth Century and the periodical titled The Review of the Times edited by Young J. Allen were very popular among the Chinese intellectuals seeking the ways to reform Chinese society. It is important to note that, in terms of the ideology of reform, he did not agree on the overriding Chinese motto of reform, ‘zhong-ti-si-yong,’ which meant ‘the Chinese in mindset and the Western in technology.’ Rather, his idea started from the Western Civilization, not Chinese traditional value system. His suggestion was based on his conviction that Western civilization, comprising of the materialistic development based on natural sciences and ‘the true Christian civilization,’ was superior to Chinese civilization. Thus, his suggestion tends to be a universal reform including modernization, opening of the nation to foreign nations, improvement in commerce and international trades, Western education in sciences, and toleration of Christian education. Even though he did not deny the classical education coming from Chinese tradition and only did ask adding Western subjects to the current education, his respect for Chinese tradition rather came from missiological considerations and his reform ideas came from Western and Christian influences. Furthermore, at the base of Richard’s political activism was his evangelical conviction that made him a missionary to China. In addition to his evangelical faith, through his experiences in China, he developed a type of social gospel emphasizing the Kingdom of God seeking for the salvation of both ‘body’ and ‘soul’ and both ‘individuals’ and ‘nation.’ His effort of reform was at its peak at the 1898 Reform Movement, in which the young rising reformers like Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao co-operated with the Emperor Guangxu to drive forward more progressive reforms following after the Chinese’s defeat at the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). He was very influential to the top leaders of the movement in many directions. However, a series of foudroyant ideas that he suggested were not accepted or administered by the leaders and the Court. For example, he suggested 1) a protectorate by the Powers, 2) an annexation or union of China with Japan, the United States, and the British Empire at least in some areas including defence and diplomacy, and 3) a united cabinet with the same number of Chinese and foreign representatives. His ideas were shared by Chinese officials and, in fact, even some similar ideas were coined by Chinese themselves in the great crisis of the fall of the Empire in the encroachments by imperialist Western Powers. His ideas listed above, in spite of the consideration of the context, had implications of Western colonialism trespassing Chinese sovereignty. They especially show the lack of his understanding in the commercial expansion of the Western colonialists. However, despite this point, it does not seem that he was directly connected to the officials or colonialists of the Britain or other Western countries. His idea of protectorate, annexation, or united cabinet was foreign to the current British position in diplomacy. In conclusion, Richard’s reform idea, first, came from his revised evangelical faith including the idea of the Kingdom of God and missiological consideration seeking for cultural adaptation. second, he contributed to the late Qing reform movement in promoting the discourse of reform and educating the younger reformers. Third, his reform had limitations due to his own political and cultural identities as a British subject. He, in his imperialists-friendly suggestions, came to be in the line of supporting the Western colonialists and he never approached republican ideas, which some progressive Chinese already had in their mind by the end of the century.

그룹게임을 활용한 수학활동이 유아의 수학적 문제해결능력과 사회정서발달에 미치는 영향

박형신,김정주,장보경 한국영유아교원교육학회 2010 유아교육학논집 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 그룹게임을 활용한 수학활동이 유아의 수학적 문제해결능력과 사회정서발달에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴봄으로써 그룹게임의 인지적, 정서적 측면에 대한 교육적 효과를 탐색해보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 D시에 소재한 유치원의 만 5세 유아 총 63명을 임의표집하여 실험집단과 비교집단으로 분류하고, 이중 실험집단을 대상으로 수학그룹게임을 적용하였다. 또한 이에 대한 효과를 검증하기 위하여 Ward(1993)가 제작하고 황정숙(1996)과 김창복(1998), 임수양(2005)에 의해 수정․보완된 수학적 문제해결능력 검사와 한국행동과학연구소(1973)에 의해 개발되고 이기숙과 이은해(1983)에 의해 수정·보완된 사회정서발달 검사도구를 사용하여 사전․사후검사를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 수학그룹게임은 유아의 수학적 문제해결능력과 사회정서발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이상의 결과를 토대로 유아로 하여금 수학에 대한 자연스러운 흥미를 유발하고 비형식적인 문제해결의 경험을 제공하며 구성원 간의 사회적 상호작용의 기회를 부여하는 수학그룹게임이 유아의 인지적, 정서적 측면의 발달을 도모하는 효과적인 교수-학습방법으로 적용될 수 있음을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of group games with mathematical activities on young children`s mathematical problem-solving ability and socio-emotional development and find out the effect of group games with mathematical activities on cognitive and emotional development. The subjects of this study were 63 five-year-old children in 2 classes. One of the classes as an experimental group conducted 16 group games with mathematical activities for 8 weeks. To verify the effect, the mathematical problem-solving ability assessment scale (made by Ward) revised by Kim and Lim, and socio-emotional development assessment scale (made by KIBS) revised by Lee & Lee, were used. The results of this study indicated group games with mathematical activities are effective in improving young children`s mathematical problem-solving ability and socio-emotional development. In conclusion group games with mathematical activities represented stimulated young children's interest and provided informal experiences as well as provided students chances to communicate with their peers. Therefore group games with mathematical activities are one of the effective teaching methods for young children`s cognitive and emotional development.

감정자본주의와 사랑:에바 일루즈의 짝 찾기의 감정사회학

박형신 東洋社會思想學會 2014 사회사상과 문화 Vol.30 No.-

이 글은 에바 일루즈의 사랑의 사회학을 그녀의 최근 저작 사랑은 왜 상처받는가를 중심으로 체계적으로 소개하고 평가하는 것을 목적으 로 한다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 먼저 일루즈의 사랑의 사회학이 일관되 게 견지하고 있는 이론적 지향을 설명하고, 다음으로 그녀가 근대사회로 이행하면서 발생한 사랑의 사회적 구조의 변화를 어떻게 파악하고 있는 지를 그녀가 새로이 제시한 ‘선택아키텍처’, 결혼시장, ‘섹스장’, ‘에로스 자본’, 감정불평등, 감정적 지배 등의 개념을 중심으로 포착한다. 그리고 그 다음으로는 일루즈가 포착한 사랑의 상처 발생 메커니즘을 통해 사 람들이 사랑 속에서 경험하게 되는 불안, 불확실성, 실망의 감정이 발생 하는 감정동학을 재구성한다. 마지막으로 결론적 논평에서는 일루즈 사 랑의 사회학의 의의와 한계를 탐색하여, 감정사회학의 새로운 지평-거시 적 감정사회학-을 제시한다. This article aims to introduce and appraise Eva Illouz's sociology of love centering around her recent book Why Love Hurts: A Sociological Explanation. For this, first, this article explains theoretical orientation inherent in her sociology of love. Second, I try to capture how Illouz grasps the change of social structure of love in the process of transformation to modern society using some concepts that she newly coined: ‘architecture of choice,’ ‘marriage market,’ ‘sexual field,’ ‘erotic capital,’ ‘emotional inequality,’ ‘emotional domination’ etc. Third, this article reconstructs dynamics which evoke emotions of anxiety, uncertainty, disappointment that people experience in intimate relationship. Illouz analyzes it though the mechanisms to happen to hurt of love. Finally, I explore some significances and limits of Illouz’s sociology of love and suggest new perspective of emotional sociology, so called macro emotional sociology.

예술영역간의 통합적 국악 활동이 유아의 장단개념 이해도에 미치는 영향

박형신,김영연 한국음악교육학회 2004 음악교육연구 Vol.27 No.-

This research was focused on the effect of Korean traditional music education on the children's comprehension of Changdan and could give the effective basic material for art education method. For five-year old children, experimental group was designed to undergo integrated Korean traditional music education among various arts such as Visual art and Movement. Control group was applied to Korean traditional music education based on instrument directions. The result showed that the comprehension of experimental group was improved better statistically than that of control group and the integrated Korean traditional music education among arts is helpful for the comprehension of all subordinate constituent of Changdan.

한국의 배타적 민족주의, 시민사회론, 선교적 교회론

박형신 한국실천신학회 2016 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.48

21세기 국제사회 및 한국사회는 다함께 ‘세계화’와 ‘다문화’ 사회를 향하여 나아가고 있지만, 한국사회의 근저에는 여전히 단일혈통에 근거한 우월성, 자아와 타자 간의 이분법적 논리, 그리고 승리주의에 근거한 배타적 민족주의가 상존하고 있다. 이러한 요소들과 이데올로기는 이론적으로 허구적일 뿐만 아니라 한국사회의 현실에서 더 이상 긍정적인 방식으로 기능하지 못하는 것들이다. 이 연구는 이러한 현실인식을 바탕으로, 한국의 기독교회가 배타적 민족주의를 극복할 수 있는 이론적인 토대와 실천적 가능성을 두 가지의 방법론, 즉 시민사회론과 선교적 교회론을 통하여 제시하고 있다. 첫째로, 시민사회론을 활용할 때, 한국교회는 기독시민을 훈련하여 시민성을 배양하고 공공선을 추구하는 시민사회운동에 겸손하게 참여하도록 기대된다. 특별히, 국가 권력과 시장의 자본을 견제하고 사회적 약자를 위해 봉사하는 길을 모색해야 하며, 공동체성에 함몰되지 않고 공동체성과 시민성 모두를 담보하여 내부지향성을 극복하고 이타성을 구현하여야 할 것이다. 둘째로, 선교적 교회론을 활용할 때, 기독교회의 선교는 더 이상 지역적이거나 보내고 받는 개념이 아니며, 다양한 경계들을 넘는 기독교 사역으로 파악된다. 데이빗 보쉬의 선교론에 따르면, 경건의 강조가 자동적으로 정의의 헌신으로 이어지는 것이 아니므로 현실에서 정의에 대한 헌신이 별도로 강조된다. 그가 생전에 남아공에서 보여주었던 인종차별정책에 대한 저항은 한국교회의 배타적 민족주의 극복을 위한 본보기가 된다. 마지막으로 이 논문은 종교적 또는 세상 안에서의 대안적 기독공동체의 건설마저도 그 내향성 때문에 최선의 대안이 아니며, 배타적 민족주의의 극복 등을 위한 기독교회의 최선의 사회참여의 길은 기독시민들로 하여금 시민성을 가지고 세상의 변혁을 위하여 연대하고 참여하며, 특별히 성서에서 언급하는 ‘나그네’와 ‘외국인’에 대한 환대는 21세기 한국사회의 맥락에서 외국인 노동자들과 탈북자들을 비롯한 배제된 자들을 섬기는 것을 의미한다. While both international and Korean societies in the 21st century are proceeding toward ‘globalization’ and ‘multi-cultural society,’ exclusive nationalism based on the sense of superiority by pure-blood consciousness, dichotomy of Self and the Other, and triumphalism is laid at the bottom of the Korean society. Not only these elements and ideology have theoretical problems in themselves but also no longer may help the society in anyways. This study, on the basis of the above understanding, purposes to provide Korean church with both theoretical bases and practical possibilities to overcome exclusive nationalism in two methodologies, the theory of civic society and missional church. First, utilizing the theory of civic society, Korean church is expected to train Christians in the civic spirit and have them humbly participate in the civic society movement, which seeks for the public good. Especially, the church is not only to check both state power and market capitalism and to try to find a way to care for the social minorities but also to retain both the community spirit and the civic spirit, not biased to the either one, and embody the spirit of altruism in becoming over self-centered mind. Secondly, utilizing the theory of missional church, the missions of Christian church is defined not as geographical or both sending and receiving but as overcoming various barriers anywhere. According to the mission theory of David Bosch, the commitment to piety is not automatically led to the commitment to justice. Thus, the commitment to justice, in reality, needs to be emphasized independently. Bosch’s lifelong resistance against the Apartheid in the Republic of South Africa must be exemplary to Korean church to overcome exclusive nationalism. Finally, this study shows that either ‘religious’ Christian community or alternative Christian community in the world may not be the best option to solve the social problems due to the introversion. Rather, the best way in which church may contribute to the social concerns including the overcoming of exclusive nationalism will be helping Christians develop civic spirit and connect themselves to the social civic groups for the transformation of the society. Especially, the hospitality for ‘strangers’ and ‘foreigners’ mentioned in the Bible means caring for the excluded such as foreign migrant workers and the refugees from the North Korea in the context of 21st century Korean society.

전래동요를 활용한 통합예술활동이 유아의 국악능력과 국악흥미도에 미치는 영향

박형신 한국예술교육학회 2020 예술교육연구 Vol.18 No.2

The The purpose of this study was to investigate how young children's musical ability and interest in Korean music were affected by integrated arts activities based on traditional children’s songs. In this study, 33 five-year-old children from kindergarten in W city were divided into an experimental and a comparison group. The experimental group then took part in integrated arts activities based on traditional children’s songs while the comparison group, even though they sang the same songs, took part in arts activities based on themes in the ‘Nuri curriculum’. The average and standard deviations of the children's musical ability and interest in Korean music were calculated from the collected data, and ANCOVA was computed using the pre-test scores of each group as the covariance. The results showed that the integrated arts activities based on traditional children’s songs positively affected young children’s musical ability and interest in Korean music. Therefore, it is suggested that education in traditional children’s songs in young children, by using integrated arts activities that consider its cultural values, and such activities could be useful components for effective arts activities in the field of early childhood education. 본 연구는 전래동요를 활용한 통합예술활동이 유아의 국악에 대한 이해 및 표현능력과 흥미도에 미치는 영향을 분석해보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 W시에 위치한 유치원의 만 5세 유아 33명이며, 이 중 실험집단을 대상으로 전래동요를 활용한 통합예술활동을 적용하였고, 비교집단에는 전래동요의 가창 지도와 누리과정에 기초한 예술활동을 적용하였다. 사전·사후 검사 결과를 토대로 유아의 국악능력과 국악흥미도에 대한 평균과 표준편차를 산출하고 공변량분석을 실시하여 활동의 효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 전래동요를 활용한 통합예술활동이 유아의 국악능력과 국악에 대한 흥미도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 전래동요의 음악문화와 예술적 가치를 고려한 통합예술활동이 유아의 국악능력의 발달을 촉진하고 국악흥미도를 높이는 효과적인 통합활동으로 유아교육 현장에 의미있게 적용될 수 있음을 논의하였다.

놀이 중심 국악교육이 유아의 장단 이해에 미치는 영향

박형신,신은수 미래유아교육학회 2002 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 유아가 국악을 이루는 중요 요소인 장단을 이해하는데 효율적인 국악적 경험을 제공하기 위하여, 놀이 중심 국악교육의 효과를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 만 5세 유아를 대상으로 교육집단 두 학급과 비교집단 한 학급을 선정한 후 교육집단에 놀이 중심 국악교육과 기능 중심 국악교육을 각각 적용하였다. 실험을 통하여 놀이 중심 국악교육과 기능 중심 국악교육이 유아의 장단 이해에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아본 결과 놀이 중심 국악교육이 기능 중심 국악교육보다 장단의 이해도를 향상시켰으며, 장단의 하위개념인 장단형, 박(拍), 빠르기, 셈여림의 이해를 돕는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to assess the educational effectiveness of Korean traditional music education based on play and its influence on children’s comprehension of Changdan. Five-year-old children were assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The first group received the educational program based on play, the second group received the program based on technique and the third group was set up as a control. The estimation implements of the degree of comprehension for Changdan subordinate concepts(Changdan pattern, Changdan bit, Changdan tempo and Changdan accent) were composed of three questions in Changdan subordinate concepts, respectively. The data analyzed by ANCOVA showed that the degree of the Changdan comprehension was higher in two experimental groups than in the control group and that the educational program based on play was overall superior to the educational program based on the technique.

국악감상을 토대로 한 이야기 꾸미기 활동이 유아의 창의ㆍ인성과 국악능력에 미치는 영향

박형신 한국국악교육연구학회 2013 국악교육연구 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구에서는 국악감상을 토대로 한 이야기 꾸미기 활동이 유아의 창의적 태도, 인성 및 국악능 력에 미치는 영향이 어떠한가를 살펴봄으로써 유아기 창의・인성과 국악능력 함양을 위한 효과적인 예술교육의 접근방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울시에 위치한 유치원 만 5세 유아 총 43명을 실험집단과 비교집단으로 분류하고, 이중 실험집단을 대상으로 국악감상을 토대로 한 이야 기 꾸미기 활동을 적용하였다. 수집된 자료를 근거로 유아의 창의적 태도, 인성 및 국악능력의 평균 과 표준편차를 산출하였으며, 두 집단의 사전검사 점수를 공변인으로 한 공변량분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 국악감상을 토대로 한 이야기 꾸미기 활동이 유아의 창의적 태도와 인성은 물론 국악능 력의 함양에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 결과는 유아로 하여금 국악감상을 통하여 생각과 느낌을 나누고, 협력적인 과정을 통하여 창의적인 이야기를 꾸며보도록 한 본 활동 이 창의성과 인성을 강조하는 현대 사회의 특성을 반영한 효과적인 통합적 국악교육의 일환으로 유 아교육 현장에 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다. This research explored the effects of storytelling activities with Korean music listening on young children’s creativity, character and Korean music ability building, which could suggest an effective approach in art education. For this purpose, 43 five-year-old children at kindergartens in Seoul were grouped into an experimental group and a comparison group. The experimental group was provided with storytelling activities based on music listening. The average and standard deviation of children’s creative attitude, character and KMA building were calculated and ANCOVA with pre-test scores of the two groups as the covariate was carried out from the data collected. The storytelling activity with Korean music listening had positive effects on cultivating young children’s creative attitude, good character and KMA. This result indicates that having children share their thoughts from Korean music listening and make creative stories are in line with today’s Korean music education which emphasizes creativity and character and has potential for field practice.

청말 개신교 선교사들의 조약법에 대한 인식 : 티모티 리차드, 존 로스, D. Z. 셰필드를 중심으로

박형신 강남대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 인문과학논집 Vol.23 No.-

The writings of the missionaries in China Timothy Richard, John Ross, D. Z. Sheffield published in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal show different opinions one another on the Treaties between the Western Powers relating to China, ‘the missionary rights’ from the Treaties, the attitudes of the missionary towards the persecution of Christians in China, and the Western Powers in China. Being aware of the great number of Chinese converts persecuted, Richard thought that the Christian missions went through difficulties because the treaty items related to Christian missions were not administered by both the British Foreign Office and Chinese officials. He thus claimed the practice of the rights and, furthermore, the revision of them to be done by the Foreign Office for more rights. He firmly called on for ‘the religious freedom of the converts,’ ‘the right of the missionaries' residence in the interior,’ and ‘the right of converts and missionaries to being protected’ including the punishment of persecutors. While revealing the inner dillemma of the Protestant missionary community in China that never enjoyed ‘missionary rights’ enough in the interior, his contention displayed his lack of understanding on the aggression of the imperial West upon China. Ross suggested that the missionaries abandon ‘the missionary rights’ coming out of the Treaties, the product of the oppressing Western Powers, and do not lean on the power from the foreign legations for settling the disputes between the converts and non- converts. But, interfering with the extreme persecutions on the converts, missionaries were expected to try to settle the problems in ‘‘direct and friendly consulting’’ with the Chinese officials. He comprehended the nature of the Western imperialism and tried to consider the politics from the Chinese side. Though he also started his missionary works only within the diplomatic conditions from the Tianjin Treaty (Tientsin Treaty) in which the northern ports were opened, Ross wanted to suggest the settlement of the missionary problems in the least imperialistic ways for Chinese' benefits. Sheffield asserted that Western Christian nations play an important role in carrying out Christian missions and civilization in China. Christian missions practiced by the Western Christian nations that retained Christian faith, the spirit of progress, and superior capacity of race were to be protected by both the Western and Chinese nations. Sheffield's opinion suggesting word and power as the means of Christian missions is nothing but paternalism and shows non-critical attitudes toward the Western imperialism. Although Richard, Ross, and Sheffield were contemporary missionaries in the late Qing dynasty, they show that they had very different opinions on both the treaties of China and the treaty provisions for Christian missions. 『The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal』에 기고했던 재중 선교사 티모티 리차드, 존 로스, 및 D. Z. 셰필드의 글들은 19세기에 맺어진 서구열강과 중국 간의 조약들, 그 조약에 포함된 선교적 권리들, 그리고 선교사의 향후 태도에 대하여 서로 다른 견해를 보여준다. 리차드는, ‘조약권리’ 중 기독교 선교와 관련된 항목들이 본국 외교부와 중국 관료들에 의해 이행되지 않으면서 더 많은 중국 신자들의 박해가 일어나고 선교에 큰 장애가 되어왔다고 간주하여, 동 권리의 이행 및 법 개정을 위한 외교부의 노력을 주장하였다. 그는 ‘신자들의 종교자유권’, ‘선교사의 내지거주권’, 그리고 박해자의 처벌을 포함하는 ‘신자 및 선교사 보호권’을 강력히 요구하였다. 그의 주장은 선교현장에서 ‘선교의 자유’를 충분히 얻지 못하고 있던 개신교 선교사공동체의 내적인 딜레마를 잘 보여주고 있지만, 또한 그의 제국주의적 서구의 중국침탈에 대한 인식의 결여를 잘 보여준다. 로스는, 선교사들이 서구열강의 억압으로 쥐어짜낸 ‘조약권리’에서 나오는 선교적 권리를 포기하고, 신자들과 비신자간에 일어난 분쟁을 해결하기 위하여 공사관의 권력에 의지하지 말며, 극단적인 박해사건에 개입하되 관리들과의 ‘직접적인 대화’를 통하여 ‘우호적인 방식’으로 문제를 해결할 것을 제안하였다. 그의 견해는 서구 제국주의의 본질을 통찰하고 중국인들의 입장을 고려하고자 하는 것이다. 그 역시 텐진조약이 가져다 준 북부항구의 개방이라는 외교적 조건 안에서 기독교 선교를 수행하는 한계를 안고 있었지만, 선교적 문제해결에서 ‘가장 덜 제국주의적인 방식’의 해결을 제안하였다. 이와 달리, 셰필드는, 기독교선교와 문명의 전파를 위하여 서구국가가 역할을 해야 한다고 역설하였다. 기독교신앙과 진보정신 그리고 우월한 인종을 보유한 서구기독교국가의 선교는 독자적인 가치를 지니며 서구국가들 및 중국의 보호를 받을 만하다고 보았다. 기독교 선교의 방법으로써 말(word)과 힘(power)을 제안하는 셰필드의 견해는 매우 가부장적이며, 나아가 서구제국주의에 대한 무비판적인 태도를 보여준다. 리차드, 로스, 그리고 셰필드는 청말의 동시대에 중국선교사로 일하였지만, 중국의 조약법 및 기독교선교를 위한 조약법의 이행에 대하여 매우 다른 견해를 가졌음을 보여준다.

가장놀이와 유아의 정서조절에 관한 연구

박형신,박애자,맹운화 한국영유아교원교육학회 2004 유아교육학논집 Vol.8 No.1

This study examines the frequency of pretend play at different levels in a classroom situation, eighty­two, five­year old children were studied in an emotional regulation task, and the difference between the children's emotional control abilities were studied, according to the degree of parental participation in pretend play at home. Results show that the, continuous play group showed a higher level of relationship between self and others and a greater level of decontextualization at pretend play than that of the group where play was stop. Children whose parents always participated in their child's pretend play showed a high level of play continuity. These research results show that a child's emotional control ability and their parents' participation in pretend play, are closely related. 본 연구는 만 5세 유아 82명을 대상으로 정서조절과제에서 놀이를 지속한 유아들이 교실상황에서 실제로 가장놀이를 얼마나 자주 나타내며, 어떠한 수준을 보이는지 알아보고 가정에서의 가장놀이에 부모의 참여정도에 따라 유아의 정서조절능력이 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지 알아보았다. 연구의 결과 놀이지속집단이 놀이정지집단에 비해 가장놀이에서 높은 수준의 자기­타인관계와 탈맥락화를 나타냈으며, 유아의 가장놀이에 항상 참여하는 부모의 유아들이 놀이 지속성에서 높은 빈도를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 유아의 가장놀이와 부모의 가장놀이 참여가 정서조절능력과 연관이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.