CT 관상동맥 조영술에서 환자의 심박동수 및 체질량 지수에 따라 심전도 동조화 방법과 관전압 변화에 따른 영상 평가와 피폭선량에 관한 고찰

박신호(Shin Ho Park),구본승(Bon Seung Koo),여상근(Sang Geun Yeo),대창민(Chang Min Dae),민관홍(Kwan Hong Min) 대한CT영상기술학회 2011 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.13 No.2

목적 256-MDCT를 이용한 관상동맥 CT 조영술(Coronary CT angiography, 이하 CCTA)에서 환자의 심박동수(Heart rate, 이하 HR) 및 체질량 지수(Body mass index, 이하 BMI)에 따라 심전도 동기화 방법과 관전압 변화에 따른 영상 화질과 선량 평가에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 2010년 7월부터 8월까지 본원 건강증진센터를 방문하여 ECG-gated CCTA를 시행한 무증상 환자 208명을 대상으로 HR에 따라 심전도 동기화 방법을 변화시키고, BMI에 따라 kVp을 변화시켜 4개 군으로 나누었다. 장비는 256-MDCT(Brilliance iCT, Philips health care, Cleveland. OH. USA)를 사용하였고, phantom 연구에서는 관전압 변화에 따른 영상의 화질평가를 위해 American association of physicists in medicine(이하 AAPM) phantom을 사용하여, CT number와 noise값을 측정하였고, 선량측정을 위해 ionization chamber를 사용하여 CTDIvol(CT dose index volume) 값을 측정하였다. 임상 연구에서는 관전압 변화에 따른 영상의 화질평가를 위해, 관상동맥 근위부와 대동맥의 조영증강 정도, 잡음, 신호 대 잡음 비와 조영증강 대 잡음 비를 측정하였으며, 관상동맥 9분절의 영상의 질을 1~5점으로 평가하였고 4점과 5점을 진단에 적합한 것으로 하였다. 검사 종료 후 장비에서 제공하는 CTDIvol과 Dose Length Product(DIP)값을 이용하여 유효 선량으로 계산하여 선량감소효과를 평가하였다. 각 환자군 간의 영상의 질 지표와 방사선 피폭 량을 통계학적으로 분석하기 위해 Mann-whitney test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 혈관의 조영 증강 정도는 A군이 B군보다 높았(group A, 452±74HU; group B, 333±45HU, p < 0.0001), C군이 D군보다 높았으며(group C, 441±77HU; group D, 355土75HU, p < 0.0001) 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다. 영상의 잡음은 A군과 B군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었고(group A, 21土4HU; group B, 21土2HU, p=0.521), C군과 D군 사이에도 유의한 차이가 없었다(group C, 21±3HU; group D, 21±2HU, p = 0.561). 신호 대 잡음 비는 A군이 B군보다 높았고(group A, 22土4; group B, 17土3, p < 0.0001), C군이 D군보다 높았으며(group C, 21土4; group D, 17±4 HU, p < 0.0001), 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다. 조영 증강 대 잡음 비는 A군이 B군보다 높았고(group A, 17±3; group B, 12±2, p < 0.0001, C군이 D군보다 높았으며(group C, 16土4; group D, 12土3HU, p < 0.0001), 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다. 진단에 적합함을 평가한 영상 질의 평균 점수는 A군 4.6土0.4, B군 4.7土0.3, C군 4.3土0.5, D군 4.3土0.4으로 모든 군에서 진단에 적절한 영상을 보였다. 유효 선량은 A군 2.2±0.3 mSv, B군 4.4土0.4mSv, C군 8.6±1.2 mSv, D군 16.8±1.9 mSv로, 네 군 간의 각각 유의한 차이가 있었고(p < 0.0001), A군이 B군보다 약 50% 선량감소효과를 나타냈으며, C군이 D군보다 48.8%의 선량감소효과를 나타냈다. 결론 환자의 HR와 BMI를 기준으로 심전도 동기화 방법과 관전압을 적용할 때, HR가 70미만으로 유지되고 있는 환자에게 전향적 동조화 방식을 이용하고, BMI가 25 미만으로 낮은 환자에게 관전압을 100kVp로 낮추어 CCTA를 시행하면 영상의 질적인 저하 없이 진단에 적절한 영상을 얻을 수 있는 동시에 환자의 방사선 피폭선량을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있다. I. Purpose To investigate image quality and radiation dose with different ECG synchronization method and tube voltage(kVp) by heart rate(HR) and body mass index(BMI) in coronary computed tomographic angiography(CCTA) which is using 256-multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT). II. Meterial and Methods This study was proceeded with 208 patients in our health promotion center. ECG-gated CCTA was practiced by different ECG method varied by HR and different kVp varied by BMI. The patients were divided into 4 groups by HR and BMI. 256-MDCT(Brilliance iCT, Philips health care, Cleveland. OH, USA) was used in this study. In phantom study, American association of physicists in medicine(AAPM) phantom was used to evaluate the image quality by kVp variation. Moreover CT number and noise was measured. To measure CTDIvol, Ionization chamber was used. In clinical research, attenuation and image noise of the aorta and coronary arteries was masured. and, the image quality of 9 coronary segmenrs was graded on a scale of 1-5, where grade 4 or 5 was considered to be diagnostic. Image quallity parameters and radiation dose were compared using a Mann-whitney test. III. Result Attenuation was higher in group A and B(group A, 452±74 HU; group B, 333±45 HU, p < 0.0001), group C and D(group C, 441±77 HU; group D, 355±75 HU, p < 0.0001). Noise was similar in group A and B(group A, 21±4HU; group B, 21±2HU, p=0.521), group C and D(group C, 21±3HU; group D, 21±2HU, p = 0.561). SNR and CNR were higher in group A and group B(group A, 22±4; group B, 17±3, p < 0.0001), (group A, 17±3; group B, 12±2, p < 0.0001), group C and group D(group C, 21±4; group D, 17±4HU, p < 0.0001), (group C, 16±4; group D, 12±3 HU, p < 0.0001). Each of them has significant differences. Mean score of image quality was 4.6±0.4 in group A, 4.7±0.3 in group B, 4.3±0.5 in group C and 4.3±0.4 in group D. Effective dose was 2.2±0.3 mSv in group A, 4.4±0.4mSv in group B, 8.6±1.2mSv in group C and 16.8±1.9mSv in group D, which bad significant differences in each of all 4 groups(p < 0.0001). Effective radiation dose reduced 50% in group A and group B, 48.8% in group C and group D. IV. Conclusions In patients with HR under 70 and prospective ECG gating technique, with BMI less than 25 and CCTA with 100 kVp lead to signification reduction in radiation exposure without degradation of image quality.

이온성 고분자 금속 복합물(IPMC) 액추에이터의 열처리에 의한 성형 및 특성분석

박신호 ( Shin Ho Park ),김동의 ( Dong Ik Kim ),박만준 ( Man Jun Park ),이승기 ( Seung Ki Lee ) 한국센서학회 2009 센서학회지 Vol.18 No.5

농촌주택의 주거 공간구조 개선 방안

박장혁 ( Park Jang Hyuk ),리신호 ( Rhee Shin Ho ),오무영 ( Oh Moo Young ) 한국농공학회 1999 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.41 No.6

Considering that rural village had evolved through a long-sustained effort of harmonization with nature. there should be the wisdom not only to reflect the level of rural residents' housing demand. but also to conserve the traditional characteristics of high-valuation in the modem rural housing. In Korea, standard design proposals of rural houses had been made public three times: In 1972, 1984 and 1995. So, firstly, this study analysed the inner-space layouts of design proposals mentioned above, from which changes and problems in the past housing design were derived. And also, through the positive acceptance of residents' opinion living in the houses built by standard design proposals in 1970-1980's. improved design principles and an alternative model were proposed, finally. The inner-space structure of standard design proposals in 1970s was originated from small-scaled and low-priced one, basically under the “open system", In 1980s, the basic design principle changed to the “closed system” in which the living room being the focus of indoor family life. and, in 1990s, progressively, the rural housing developed to the high qualified type by the spatial enlargement and with increased equipments. However, this structural change of rural house brought about the problem of functional separation between farming and daily living activities. In details, limited spaces of multipurpose spaces and sanitary facility would be mentioned as problems for improvement. Conclusively in this study, newly arranged “open system" was recommended, as a basic design principle for the inner space structure formation of rural house, which easily links the constituent inner-house spaces to outer one. Based on this principle, the detailed design criteria was proposed as follows: 1. The living room be directly linked to the front-yard and centrally placed, the additional space of which could be secured for the special family events by the flexibleuse of its adjacent room or by the housing of male quarters(separated from main building quarter). 2. The Kitchen also be directly linked to side-yard and to living room, for the convenience of farming activities and the shortening of path flow of housewife. 3. The expanded toilet-and-bathroom be placed in the directly connected left-hand side to the living room and also be allowed access through multipurpose spaces to out door. 4. The multipurpose spaces be directly connected to the kitchen and the toilet-and-bathroom, of which function would be for undressing of working clothes, quick-washing and ordinary working.

돔배기(상어육)의 훈연처리에 따른 품질 특성에 관한 연구

박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ),박나영 ( La Young Park ),윤광섭 ( Kwang Sup Yoon ),이신호 ( Shin Ho Lee ) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2010 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.17 No.4

표준설계도에 의해 건축된 농촌주택의 실태조사를 통한 평면구조에 관한 연구

박장혁,리신호 ( Jang Hyuk Park,Shin Ho Rhee ) 한국농촌계획학회 1997 농촌계획 Vol.3 No.1

저항접지 시스템에서 지락사고시 CLR과열 소손방지를 위한 GPT 정격용량의 적정성 연구

신호전(Ho-Jeon Shin),김진석(Jin-Seok Kim),박유환(Yu-Hwan Park),김재철(Jae-Chul Kim),조만영(Man-Young Cho) 대한전기학회 2012 전기학회논문지 Vol.61 No.4

Among the high distribution voltage consumers, high-capacity consumers are often applying the grounding resistance method in order to overcome demerits such as erroneous operation of the ground reply or potential increase in the battery at the accident of the isolated neutral system. In this paper, to prevent damage to CLR and GPT in the delay to block the breakdown in the resistance grounded neutral system, this study aims to provide a proper suggestion for continuous rating capacity of GPT to check the appropriateness of CLR size and reduce GPT burden. Thereupon, this study comparatively analyzes CLR current applied in general GPT and the current gained when CLR demanded in the system is used and analyzes the simulated system through simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC in order to suggest GPT’s proper continuous rating capacity.

제2부 7. 농촌주택의 전통환경보전형 평면공간구조 개발

박장혁,이신호 ( Jang Hyuk Park,Shin Ho Rhee ) 한국농촌계획학회 1998 `98 정기총회 및 춘계 학술논문발표회 Vol.- No.-

돈육양념소스 소재 개발을 위한 한약재 추출물의 생리활성

이신호(Shin Ho Lee),강경명(Kyung Myung Kang),박효진(Hyo Jin Park),백락민(Lag Min Baek) 한국식품과학회 2009 한국식품과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

양념 돈육의 저장성 증진 및 기능성 보강용 돈육 양념소스 소재를 개발하기 위해 산사, 차조기, 현초, 하수오의 생리활성을 검토하였다. Gram positive 5균주와 Gram negative 5균주에 대한 항균활성을 검정한 결과 산사와 현초가 가장 넓은 항균 spectrum을 보였다. 열처리 온도가 높을수록 추출물의 항균 활성은 다소 감소하였으나 열처리 후에도 잔존하였다. 0.1% 산사, 차조기, 현초, 하수오 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 66.24 ㎎/g, 28.97 ㎎/g, 96.51 ㎎/g, 그리고 13.33 ㎎/g를 나타내어 현초가 가장 높았다. 현초의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 0.1, 0.5, 1.0%에서 각각 56.79, 92.24, 97.56%를 보였으며, 산사, 차조기, 현초, 하수오 추출물 중 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 현초 추출물이 가장 높았으며 산사, 차조기, 하수오 순이었다. 추출물의 아질산염 소거능은 0.1% 농도에서 산사, 차조기, 현초 추출물은 각각 19.66, 1.66, 3.86%를 나타내어 산사가 가장 높았다. 각 추출물의 지방 산패 억제도는 산사 89.99%, 차조기 88.57%, 현초 99.71% 그리고 하수오는 43.21%로 현초가 가장 높았다. 추출물을 121oC에서 15분 동안 열처리한 후 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 산사는 감소하였으며, 차조기와 현초는 증가하였다. 산사, 차조기의 아질산염 소거활성은 열처리 후에 다소 감소하기는 하였으나, 잔존하는 것으로 보였다. 열처리 후 지방 산패 억제도는 산사를 제외한 차조기, 현초에서는 다소 감소하였으나, 열처리 후에도 50~99.8% 범위의 높은 활성을 보였다. This study investigated the physiological characteristics of various medicinal plant extracts including Crataegi Fructus (CF), Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PF), Geranium thunbergii sieb. et Zucc. (GT) and Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (PM) for use in extending the shelf-life and improving the functional properties of seasoned pork. CF and GT showed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities against 5 kinds of Gram (+) bacteria and 5 kinds of Gram (-) bacteria. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts decreased as the heat treatment temperature increased between 60 and 121℃, but their activities remained relatively high following heat treatment. The total phenolic compound contents of the CF, PF, GT, PM extracts were 66.2, 29.0, 96.6 and 13.3 ㎎/g, respectively. The order of their DPPH radical scavenging activity was GT > CF > PF > PF. The nitrite scavenging activities of the CF, PF and GT extracts at 0.1% concentration were 10.5, 1.6 and 3.8%, respectively. The GT extract (99.7%) showed the highest degree of lipid rancidity inhibition compared to CF (90.3%), PF (88.9%) and PM (41.2%). After heat treatment for 15 min at 121℃, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of CF decreased but it increased in GT and PM. The nitrite scavenging activities of CF and GT decreased after heat treatment for 15 min at 121℃ but remained at relatively high levels. Also, degrees of lipid rancidity inhibition remained relatively high in PF (86.3%) and GT (99.8%) after heat treatment for 15 min at 121℃. These results suggest that CF and GT extracts could be used as ingredients in seasoning sauce to improve the shelf-life and functional properties of seasoned pork.

독립계통에서 해발고도를 고려한 전력기기의 절연레벨 및 피뢰기 절연거리에 관한 연구

신호전(Ho-Jeon Shin),김진석(Jin-Seok Kim),박상인(Sang-In Park),조만영(Man-Young Cho),김재철(Jae-Chul Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2016 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.5

포장 방법이 표고버섯 정과의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

이신호 ( Shin Ho Lee ),정은주 ( Eun Ju Jeong ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ),백낙민 ( Lag Min Baek ),강경명 ( Kyung Myung Kang ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2008 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.1

The effects of packaging method on the quality characteristics of Jung Kwa made of Lentinus edodes(JKL) were investigated by measuring of viable cell, weight loss, pH, titratable acidity, sugar contents and moisture contents. Weight loss and number of total aerobes of JKL packed with vacuum were lower than those of control. The pH, titratable acidity and sugar contents of JKL did not change significantly during storage for 70 days at 15 and 25℃. The Number of total bacteria of JKL could count after storage for 35 days at 15℃, butn for 7 days at 25℃. Moisture contents were decreased during storage. The quaity of JKL was significantly improved by vacuum packaging compared with aerobic packaging.