초경과 신체발육양상의 관련성에 관한 연구

박상화 한국보건통계학회 1989 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between menarcheal age and physical growth(height, weight and chest-girth). The total number of 594 of girls was drown from a high school in Seoul. For data collection, the survey was conducted August 17-23 1989 by using questionaire on the menarche and height, weight and chest-girth during 12 years (age from 7 to 18 years old). The distribution of birth year in 594 girls was 28 in 1970, 474 in 1971, 91 in 1972 and 1 in 1973. The number of subject for analyzing general characteristics on the menarche was 594 girls, and among of them, 471 girls born in 1971 selected for the study on the relationship between menarcheal age and physical growth. The Major results of the study are summarized as following ; 1. An average age of menarche in 594 girls was 13.49±1.03, and half of them experienced menarche between 13.0 and 13.4 years old. All of them experienced menarche at survey time. For the six months after menarche, 24.2 percent of them had regular menstrual cycle and 75.8 percent of them had irregular cycle. In the season of menarche appearance, the incidence of menarche was greatest in the summer(33.3%), and 30.7 percent in winter, 19.2 percent in fall and 16.8 percent in spring. 2. In pattern of physical growth(during 12 years, age 7-18) in 471 girls by menarcheal age group(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ), the early menarcheal age was characterized by greater physical growth in height, weight and chest-girth than that of the late menarcheal age group. The annual increment of height, weight and chest-girth was greater than that of girls with late menarche in age from 7 to 13, whereas these patterns reversed over age at 13. In the indices of physique (relative body weight and Verveack index) from 7 to 18 years old the indices of girls with the early menarche were higher than those of girls with late menarche. In the age at menarche by the degree of physical growth before point of menarche(7-12 years old), the girls with the taller in height, heavier in weight and bulkier in chest-girth were advanced in mean age at menarche as compared with the lower physical development group. Maximum growth age (MGA) was 11.3 in height, 11.9 in weight and 12.3 in chest-girth, and MGA by the physical growth was appeared about 2.1 years, 1.5 years and 1.1 years earlier in height, weight and chest-girth from the point of menarche.

60세 이상 노인의 손상 및 중독 사망 양상에 관한 연구

박상화,이봉경,박용억 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1997 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

에스테틱 샵의 컨설팅활용도가 경영성과에 미치는 영향 - 흡수역량의 매개효과를 중심으로

박상화,서언미,배승희 한국인체미용예술학회 2022 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Aesthetic shops in the era of infinite competition need the help of external experts to solve various problems due to a lack of competency. In this study, absorption capacity was used as a mediating effect to examine the relationship between consulting utilization and management performance for effective management consulting. Here, consulting was used as an independent variable, and management performance as a dependent variable to analyze the mediating role of absorption capacity and to suggest strategic alternatives to improve the practical ability of the esthetic shop. In this study, esthetic shops with experience in using management consulting were analyzed. Analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 on 407 response samples collected. In addition, this study used exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. As a result of the study, it was found that the absorption capacity partially mediates the relationship between the consulting utilization of the esthetic shop and the business performance and has a positive effect on the business performance.

아라미드 섬유 보강 영구거푸집을 적용한 RC 기둥의 성능평가

박상화,김시윤,김승직,장준호,양준모 한국복합신소재구조학회 2019 복합신소재구조학회논문집 Vol.10 No.6

The paper presents the experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of RC columns confined by a newly proposed the permanent form reinforced by aramid fiber strip. To experimentally evaluate the effect of the proposed permanent form on the behavior of RC columns, a total of three specimens are constructed and tested. The first specimen is non-seismically designed, while the second one is code-conforming column. The third one is constructed by applying the proposed permanent form. For the performance evaluation of the column, static cyclic tests were conducted under a constant axial load. The experimental results indicated that the shear strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the proposed member were increased compared to those of the conventional members. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed permanent form can improve the seismic performance of RC columns. 본 논문에서는 아라미드 스트립을 이용하여 영구거푸집을 제작하고 철근 콘크리트 기둥에 적용하여 성능을 평가하였다. 보강된 철근콘크리트 기둥의 구조거동을 평가하기 위하여 총 3개의 기둥을 제작하였다. 1개의 실험체는 무보강 실험체로서비내진 상세의 기둥이며 다른 두 실험체의 경우 내진설계가 적용되거나 아라미드 섬유보강 영구거푸집으로 보강하였다. 기둥의전형적인 성능평가를 위하여 일정한 축하중하에서 정적반복가력 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 무보강 실험체와 비교하여 전단강도, 연성 및 에너지 소산능력을 증가시켰으며 반복하중으로 인한 강도 및 강성 저감에서 우수한 성능을 보였다. 따라서, 본연구에서 제안한 아라미드 보강 영구거푸집은 기존 RC 기둥의 내진성능을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

우리나라 선물관련 산업의 거래규제 개선에 관한 연구

박상화,박경수,임흥식 啓明專門大學 産業開發硏究所 2002 啓明硏究論叢 Vol.20 No.1

일반적으로 선물관련 산업의 규제는 자율규제와 공적규제로 나누어진다. 거래소나 협회가 회원의 선물거래시 투기적 가격조작을 규제하지 못하게 되면 선물거래가격이 변동하여 경제에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 선물거래에 대한 법적인 정부규제가 강화될 경우 시장조작이나 금융사기 등은 낮아지지만 일반투자자의 선물거래 참여는 부진하고 선물거래가 침체에 빠지기 쉽게 된다. 선물거래 활성화도 도모하고 사고요인도 막는 방식으로 선물거래소가 자율규제시스템을 도입, 운용하고 있으며 이의 필요성을 더욱 중요시되고 있다. 선물시장에서 자율규제시스템의 강화는 선물시장의 활성화를 유도한다. 또한 금융사고나 부정거래, 불건전한 거래발생을 막아준다는 면에서 절대적으로 필요한 존재이다. Generally speaking, it is natural to devide the futures and options related industries by two regulations which include stationary regulation and self regulation. If the exchange or association did not regulate market manipulation. it will have an bad effect on economy by the volatility of futures transaction price. When the government enforces stationary regulation. market manipulation and financial fraud will be decreased, but individuals will not take part in the futures markets, and also the markets will be easy to be a low ebb. So it is need to enforce self regulation for the activation of the futures markets. Self regulation was really necessary to protect financial fraud. unfair transactions and unsound business.

응급피임약의 효율성과 안전성

박상화,한정호 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.2

Emergency contraceptive pills(ECPs) refer to method women can use to prevent pregnancy following unprotected sexual intercourse(without contraception and contraceptive failure). There are two types of ECPs in use, including progestin-only and combined-pill regimens. The progestin0only regimen is more effect and side effects occurred less frequently than with combined-pill regimen. The failure rate of ECPs was ranged from 0.8 percent to 9.0 percent. The common side effect is the disturbance of menstrual cycle. The other side effect associated with ECPs include nausea, dizziness, fatigue, breast tenderness, vomiting and headaches. There are no known long term health risk associated with ECPs use. The adverse effect of ECPs can be reduced by offering accurate ECPs information to users and providers.

조기분만 및 저체중아 발생위험에 관한 연구

박상화,임달오,조진만 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1998 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

우리나라 20-39 세 유배우 부인의 콘돔 사용에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

박상화,이봉경,한정호 대한보건협회 2001 대한보건연구 Vol.27 No.1

Data from the 1997 National Fertility and Family Health Survey(NFFHS) conducted by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs were examined to evaluate the factors affecting condom use of married women in Korea. Among nationally representative sample of married women interviewed in 1997 NFFHS, we collected data for 3,314 women who currently used contraceptive methods and aged from 20 to 39 years(mean age of 32.9 years). Multiple logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between condom use and selected variables including age, education, religion, job, duration of marriage and others. Percentage distribution of women currently using a contraceptive method were 37.8 percent in male/female sterilization, 21.3 percent in condom, 20.6 percent in IUDs and 14.3 percent in natural family planning methods. Better educated women were more likely to be currently using the condom than were less educated women. For example, college graduates were 5.51 times as likely as under middle school graduates to do so. Wanting more additional childbirth(OR: 2.44, p<0.01) and having no occupation(OR: 1.38, p<0.01) were significantly associated with currently using condom. Shorter duration of married life(less than 9 years) were more likely to use condom(OR: 1.41, p<0.01) compared with long-term marriage(1O years and over). There were no significant associations between the condom use and age, religion, number of induced abortion.

Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effect of an Ethanol Extract Mixture of Vitis amurensis, Aralia cordata, and Glycyrrhizae radix

박상화,성연희 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2017 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.18 No.2

Vitis amurensis, Aralia cordata, and Glycyrrhizae radix have been widely used in Korea, China, and Japan because of their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of an ethanol extract (SSB) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Vitis amurensis (stem and leaf), Aralia cordata (stem and leaf), and Glycyrrhizae radix. Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using chemical (acetic acid and formalin) and thermal (hot plate) stimuli-induced algesia tests. Formalin-induced paw edema was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. SSB (25–100 mg/kg, p.o.) and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg, p.o.), a positive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response caused by peripherally mediated algesia, but failed to protect thermal nociception in the hot plate test that was employed for centrally mediated analgesic activity. However, morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) used as a positive opioid control alleviated the acetic acid-induced writhing response and thermal nociception in the hot plate test. In the formalin test, SSB (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the second phase response (peripheral inflammatory algesia), but not the first phase response (central algesia), whereas morphine inhibited both phases of the pain response. Both SSB (25-100 mg/kg, p.o.) and ibuprofen (200 mg/kg) caused significant reduction of the formalin-induced increase of paw thickness, which was the index of inflammation. These results suggest that SSB has a significant anti-nociceptive activity that seems to be peripheral, but not central. SSB also displays anti-inflammatory activity in an acute inflammatory model. The present study supports a possible use of SSB to treat pain and inflammation.

문화간 커뮤니케이션과 비즈니스

박상화 啓明專門大學 産業開發硏究所 1999 啓明硏究論叢 Vol.17 No.1

문화간 커뮤니케이션에 대한 연구는 주로 미국과 유럽 학자들을 중심으로 하여 학제간(interdisciplinary)연구 성격을 띠며 출발하였으나 최근에는 문화적 배경과 민족이 다른 사람들 사이에서의 커뮤니케이션 상호작용을 연구하고 있다. 비즈니스맨들이 세계화에 따른 글로벌경제의 무한경쟁에서 경쟁력을 갖고 능동적으로 대처하려면 많은 요소들을 갖추어야 하겠으나 서로 다른 문화간의 커뮤니케이션 능력 또한 중요한 요소이다. 비즈니스에서 문화의 차이를 어떻게 관리하는 것이 바람직하며, 커뮤니케이션 테크놀로지의 변화에 따른 환경에 어떻게 적응해나가는 것이 좋고, 이에 대한 대비로서의 문화간 커뮤니케이션 교육훈련을 어떻게 하고 있는지를 삼성, 현대, LG 그리고 대우 그룹을 중심으로 살펴보았다. The development of a global mind-set has become pivotal for further human progress. This mind-set can only result from intercommunication among diverse peoples. Communication technology is mushrooming throughout the business world, and a major force in the globalization of business. The development of communication technology will continue to make a remarkable impact on the study of intercultural communication. To be interculturally competent is to use the skills to select appropriate and effective message behavior in a given context that accomplishes the objectives of the business. This study examines the communication and culture, managing cultural differences and business, business and communication and intercultural communication training program in private companies, especially in Samsung, Hyundai, LG and Daewoo Group.