제조 아웃소싱에서 거래공정성이 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 ; 파트너십의 매개효과

박상문(Sang-Moon Park),김기중(Gi-Joong Kim),현병환(Byung-Hwan Hyun) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 아웃소싱에서 거래공정성이 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향 관계를 연구하는 것이다. 본 연구는 전국의 제조업 아웃소싱서비스 이용 고객사와 협력사로 부터 설문조사 방식으로 자료를 수집하여 신뢰도, 타당도 및 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 하였으며 구조방정식 모형(SEM)분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 1)거래공정성은 고객사의 경영성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 분배 및 상호작용공정성은 경영성과에 미치는 영향관계는 작지만, 절차공정성은 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되어 선행논문을 지지하고 있다. 2)거래공정성은 파트너십에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 3)고객사와 협력사의 파트너십은 고객사의 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 4)파트너십은 거래공정성을 매개하여 고객사의 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제조업 아웃소싱에서 고객사와 협력사 간의 거래 관계에서 거래공정성을 독립변수로 하고, 거래 상호 간의 파트너십을 매개로 거래공정성이 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 연구한 첫 번째 사례라는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 기업이 갈수록 심화하는 글로벌 경쟁에서 아웃소싱을 효과적으로 활용하여 급변하는 경영환경에 능동적으로 대처하고 경영성과 향상을 위해서는 거래공정성, 특히 절차적공정성을 높이려는 노력이 필요하고, 고객사의 경영성과 향상에 당사자 간 파트너십 형성이 중요한 요인임을 확인해 주고 있다. 이런면에서 본 연구는 학문적, 실무적으로 아웃소싱 분야에 중요한 시사점을 제공해 주고 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between transaction justice and customer performance. In this study, data were gathered from questionnaires from customers and suppliers of manufacturing outsourcing service, and reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted and the hypothesis was verified through the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1)Transaction justice has a significant positive effect on customer"s business performance. Distribution and Interactional justice have a small effect on business performance, but Procedural justice has a significant positive effect. 2)Transaction justice has a positive effect on partnerships. 3)The partnership between the customer and the supplier has a positive effect on the customer"s business performance. 4)Partnership has positive effect on customer"s management performance through mediating justice. This study is based on the fact that justice acts as a independent variable in the transactional relationship between the customer and the supplier in the manufacturing outsourcing and this is the first case that empirically investigated the effect of the justice on the customer"s management performance. In order to effectively cope with a rapidly changing business environment and effectively improve management performance, it is necessary to make efforts to improve justice, especially procedural justice, by utilizing outsourcing effectively in a global competition. In this respect, this study provides important implications for the both academically and practically.

Initial Target Market and New Venture Performance

박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ) 한국중소기업학회 2007 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.10 No.3

산업발전법에 근거한 중견기업 통계분석

박상문 ( Sang-moon Park ),유영식 ( Young-sik You ) 한국중견기업학회 2011 중견기업연구 Vol.2 No.2

This study analyzes current status and characteristics of Korean medium-sized firms. Prior studies investigated general characteristics of medium-sized firms by diverse and subjective criteria. These inconsistent classifications and lack of definitions on medium-sized firms made it difficult to unveilgeneral status and key characteristics of these firms. According to recently modified administrative laws on these sized firms, this paper examines current status and some characteristics of medium-sized firms. Results shows that total number and employment of medium-sized firms have increased in a last decade. The growth in firm number and employment is higher in service sectors than those in manufacturing sectors. Also a number of younger firms have grown into medium-sized firms over all sectors. Overall average sale volumes annually increased and showed differentpatterns between sectors. Finally this study provides some implications for policy developments and future researches on Korean medium-sized firms.

국내 중견기업의 사업유형별 성패요인에 관한 탐색적 연구

박상문 ( Sang-moon Park ) 한국중견기업학회 2010 중견기업연구 Vol.1 No.2

This study investigates diverse business models and critical factors for sustainable growth of Korea medium-sized firms. Based on product market characteristics and global value chain, there are three dominant business models: Partnership with Large Incumbents, Global Market Pioneers, Specialists in niche market. Partnership with Large Incumbents pursue business opportunities to contribute to enhancing incumbents' competitiveness in global businesses by supplying competitive key components and equipments. Global Market Pioneers build competitive business models and preempt new opportunities with timely new products and service developments. Specialists in niche market explore product markets where are relatively small size and demand on higher technological capabilities and cost advantages. In addition, this study explores external and internal risk or failure factors among different business models to hinder sustainable firm growth.

외부자원 활용이 벤처기업의 기술혁신에 미치는 영향

박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ),이병헌 ( Byung Heon Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2006 중소기업연구 Vol.28 No.2

정책연구 : 지방자치단체의 중소기업 마케팅 지원 효과: 강원도 중소제조업을 중심으로

박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ),오태현 ( Tae Hyoun Oh ) 한국중소기업학회 2008 중소기업연구 Vol.30 No.2

국내 창업보육센터의 운영시스템 현황 및 발전방안에 관한 연구

박상문(Sang Moon Park),이재희(Jae Hee Lee),이달환(Dal Hwan Lee),배종태(Zong Tae Bae) 한국중소기업학회 2000 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.3 No.1

This study explores the current status and characteristics of Business Incubators in Korea and suggests some directions for effective management of Business Incubators. Numerous countries promore Business Incubator programs to revitalize local economy, increase employment, and nurture high-tech industries. Recently, a number of Business Incubators have been established and operated with aims to adapt to changing environment and increase economic competitiveness in Korea. This study based on the survey shows that Business Incubators in Korea have some characteristics: government oriented programs, financial weakness, lack of specialists in the operation of Business Incubators, and limited services for tenant companies.

학술연구 : 벤처기업의 창업팀 특성과 해외시장 진출시기가 국제화 수준에 미치는 영향

박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ) 한국중소기업학회 2005 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.8 No.2

학술연구 : 국내 벤처기업의 창업팀 특성, 기술전략 및 성과간의 관계

박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ) 한국중소기업학회 2004 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.7 No.2

중소기업의 기술경영 활동수준과 기술역량 및 기술혁신 애로요인간의 관계

박상문 ( Sang Moon Park ),서종현 ( Jong Hyen Seo ) 한국중소기업학회 2012 중소기업연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study investigates the intensity of technology management practices on technological capabilities and barriers to innovations in Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Researchers have examined the roles of innovations on firms` short-term performances and long-run survival and growth of firms. Under this important role of innovation, firm managers and policy makers have invested more financial resources into research and development functions to enhance innovation capabilities and seize business opportunities. Prior studies, however, have shown controversial relationships between R&D investment and firm performance. Some studies have shown positive effects of R&D investment on firm performance, guiding more investment in R&D activities. Others have shown non-significant or negative relationships between R&D investment and performance. These inconsistent relationships between R&D investment and performance show a need to explore additional factors to explain the differences and contingent effects of R&D investment on performance. Among many factors, a group of researchers have been interested in technology management practices to effectively and efficiently manage innovation processes from strategic alignment through R&D management to commercialization. In spite of theoretical arguments on technology management practice, there are few empirical studies to understand the relationships of technology management practices with innovation capabilities and barriers to innovation. Based on prior researches, we developed two hypotheses on the impacts between technology management on technological capabilities and barriers to innovations. This paper focuses on the relationships between technology management processes on performances and barriers to innovations in SMEs. To verify hypothetical relationships, we collected and analyzed empirical data from Korean SMEs from firms older than three years in multiple industries. We asked key informants responsible for R&D investment to respond to this survey. This study measured two dependents variables. One is the level of technological capability that was measured by averaging the perceived level of product and process capabilities compared to major competitors. Another is barriers to innovation in the overall innovation processes. From eight different key difficulties around innovation processes based on related prior studies, we reduced two difficulty factors, barriers on R&D process and barriers on commercialization with four different items in each factor. The independent variable used in this paper was a measure of the intensity of technology managements. We identified five different sub-activities related to technology management from prior studies. They include market analysis and intelligence, technology strategy and planning, project and R&D management, intellectual property management, and organizational support. Each sub-activity was independently regarded as one of the key factors in technology management and critical determinants of innovation performances. All sub-activity consists of four detailed items measured by binary variables. From this measurement, the intensity of technology management added all binary measures on all activities and sub-activity was measured by the addition of the binary usage of the detailed items. This paper used several control variables. Firm age was measured by total firm years from its inception. Firm size was the natural logarithm of the total number of employees. Also another firm size variable was added by coding a binary variable depending on total sales volumes. We added another binary variable depending on the existence of a corporate R&D center. To measure government certification on technological capability, we coded one for externally certified firms in terms of technological capabilities and zero for other SMEs. We measured competitive strategy : technology leadership, cost leadership, and niche strategy. Each firm was identified with one competitive strategy as two different binary variables. Based on data collected from 337 respondents from a survey on Korean SMEs in manufacturing sectors, the results show that the intensity of technology management is important for SMEs to enhance innovation capabilities. Total intensity of technology management practices has positive relationships with technological capabilities. It means that SMEs utilizing more technology management practices operate more competitive innovation processes and build their technological capabilities. Among sub-activities in technology management, there are different relationships with technological capabilities. Practices related to market analysis and R&D management show positive relationships. Other practices, such as technology planning, intellectual property management and organizational support, have no significant impacts on technological capabilities. This indicates market analysis and R&D management practices are more significant and important for SMEs to build their innovation capabilities. Also the intensity of technology management practices has significantly negative relationships with both barriers to innovations, R&D process and commercialization. For the barrier to R&D processes, practices on R&D management and organizational support have negatively significant relationships with general difficulties in R&D processes. Other practices including market intelligence, technology planning, and intellectual property management show no statistically significant impacts on R&D processes. This result indicates that barriers to R&D processes are the matter of organizational systems and processes to manage overall innovation processes within the organization. The total intensity of technology management practices has a significantly negative relationship with the barrier to commercialization. Among the sub-activities, practices related to R&D management and market intelligence show negative relationships with difficulty in commercialization processes. Other practices such as technology planning, intellectual property management, and organizational support have shown no significant relationships. This result indicates that commercialization problems in innovation are rooted in practices in the early stages of innovation processes, not only assessing market potential and customer needs in the market, but also timely and strategic management of R&D projects and progress in research and development. The study shows the importance of technology management for SMEs to build their technological capabilities and reduce difficulties in innovation processes. Most technology management and practical practices have focused on large companies with sufficient internal resources. Different from prior studies, this study examined the importance of technology management and identified some specific practices, of which one is highly related to technological capabilities and innovation processes. The most interesting technology management practice is R&D management practice. This practice has shown a positive relationship with technological capabilities and negative relationships with both barriers to innovation. It indicates that R&D management could be a baseline practice on technology management and a practical guideline for SMEs to enhance their innovation performances. Another interesting practice is market intelligence to analyze market trends and customer needs which are regarded as key factors on innovation. Apart from financial investment in innovations, technology management is another important factor for industrial firms to create and capture more value from innovation. There are some limitations and future research directions. Most of all, we need more systematic and practical technology management models rather than highly complex and resource-intensive systems. Despite increasing interest and literature, there is still a lack of understanding on critical practices for SMEs to adopt and utilize technology management with practical viewpoints. More empirical studies are needed to test more robust models and methodology to measure intensity and quality of technology management practices. Also we need additional researches on the generalization of the relationships between technology management and innovation performances in diverse contexts and environments.