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김 일(Kim, IL),김경수(Kim, Gyeong Su) 한국지적학회 2008 한국지적학회지 Vol.24 No.2
우리나라의 측지기준망 성립과 발전과정 속에서 지적기준점이 태동하게 된 배경을 고찰해 보고, 이원화된 기준점체계에 따른 측량기준점 중복 설치 현황을 분석하여 향후 측량기준점의 통합 활용을 위한 정책방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 따른 연구방법으로 동일 지역에 국가삼각점과 지적삼각점이 근접 설치되어 있는 측량기준점 운영실태를 조사하기 위해 기준점좌표를 도면화하고 점간거리를 산출하여 50m 이내 근접 설치된 중복기준점을 과학적으로 추출하였다. 추출된 중복기준점은 전량 현지조사를 통해 점간 이격거리를 실측하고, 동일 표석 사용여부와 기준점 망실유무 등을 확인하여 허수를 제외한 실제 중복기준점 현황을 확보할 수 있었다. 또한, 중복 설치된 국가삼각점을 대상으로 성과표 발급에 따른 활용도 조사와 지적삼각점을 대상으로 소관청의 조치의견을 수렴하여 합리적인 중복기준점 정비방안을 제시하였으며, 국가측량체계 통합에 맞추어 지적측량과 측지측량으로 이원화되어 관리하던 측량기준점체계를 통합 활용할 수 있는 효율적인 정책방안을 제시하였다. We studied the background of cadastral control point in the establishment and development of surveying network and proposed the policy plan of the integration of geodetic control point in the future with the analysis of the status of overlapped geodetic control point installation. To inspect the conditions of management of geodetic control point that were installed nearby national control point and cadastral control point in the same area, we mapped the control point coordinate and calculated the distance of the point and extracted the redundant control point that were within 50m. We surveyed the distance of all of these points, checked the usage of same stone marker and the existence of control point, so identified the real status of redundant control point. Moreover, we proposed the plan of reasonable redundant control point management with the investigation of usage of overlapped national control point and the opinion of administration office of cadastral control point, the policy plan of integration of geodetic control point system which was managed in the two ways as cadastral survey and geodetic survey keeping pace with national surveying system.
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金 一 漢 건국대학교 1997 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.45 No.1
This is to study the course of Yakov's changing from a fixer to a hero. Because his wife ent out of their home with a man, he wanted to leave the shtetl which the Jews in Russia ere confined to, and in his deep mind, he hated, feeling the shtetl a prison, hoping to ook for a new life. Then his father-in-law, Shmuel warned that if he went out of there, he ould suffer. But he ignored Shmuel's warning and left shtetl with his soul and body eakened. He went to Kiev for his new life. But it turned out for him to go to another rison. He was restricted to the real prison owing to the plot which was the murderer of boy for religious purpose. Despite he wanted to escape from his Jewishness, he was ooked on a Jew, a Jew representative by Russians. For taking the false confession, they ave him many kinds of sufferings. In fact, Russia was also coffined to a prison, for ussia was faced with a complex situation. So they must find a scapegoat which had to reak the situation. During many sufferings, he had known the real reasons. Finally he omprehended the situation, and accepted his Jewishness by himself. In this course, we ouldn't see the activities of a revolutionist. But in spite of many sufferings, he didn't ubmitted to them. He became a hero. Joseph Campbell said a hero is someone who has iven his or her life to something bigger than oneself. He became a scapegoat and took the responsibility for the Jews. The course of Yakov's changing is familiar with those of many heroes in myths. First, there is a call of an adventure. There are many causes far Yakov to leave the shtetl which he has lived since he was bon. But first of all, his wife Raisl's going out from their home with someone was the biggest cause. It is a kind of a call of an adventure. Because of this call of an adventure, a hero must go, then a protective figure who looks often like a generous old man or crone appears and helps how a hero acts. In The Fixer, Shmuel, Yakov's father-in-law, we can call a protective figure. He begged Yakov to forgive her daughter, and advised him not to forget their God. But Yakov ignored. After this, a hero goes his or her way to look for his or her identity, and meets a large fish which is expressed as a test area for gaining it. In The Fixer, Kiev in which Yakov wanted to look for a new life is a kind of a large fish or the belly of a whale. In the place, a hero is suffers much but must go out with his or her identity not broke? otherwise, a hero became a failure and lose his or her identity. In the priors, Yakov suffered much, but he didn't know why he had suffered. During suffering, a hero meets someone who allures. If a hero yields to the temptation, a hero foils. In The Fixer, someone is Grubeshov. After many sufferings, a hero finally knows his identity and takes responsibility for everybody becoming a scapegoat by himself. Finally he was reborn. It means a birth of a new man in his or her consciousness. And so Yakov was rehems as a new man. Now he felt responsibility for everybody, fought against the vice that wanted to make him a scapegoat. Now Yakov became a real hero.
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북한의 특별소삼각측량지역 신규 발견과 직각좌표원점 연결에 관한 연구
김 일(Kim, IL) 한국지적학회 2018 한국지적학회지 Vol.34 No.4
본 연구는 국토교통부에서 추진하고 있는 북한 세부측량원도 정보화사업을 통해 신규로 발견된 특별소삼각측량지역을 소개 및 고찰하고, 토지조사사업 당시 직각좌표원점지역의 삼각점 성과를 이용하여 특별소삼각측량지역을 직각좌표원점과 연결함으로써 세부측량원도의 위치정확도를 향상시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 학계 등 각종 문헌을 통해 현재까지 알려진 한반도의 특별소삼각측량지역은 19개 지역이었으나, 북한의 세부측량원도 정보화사업 과정에서 19개 지역 이외에 북한의 개성군 송도면이 토지조사사업 당시 특별소삼각원점에 의하여 세부측량을 실시한 것으로 확인되었다. 아울러 개성군 송도면의 특별소삼각측량지역을 토지조사사업 당시 삼각점 성과를 기준으로 직각좌표원점 계열로 변환하였으며, 그 결과 수평위치오차는 약 4.532~10.689m로 나타났다. 이때 위치변환의 정합성을 향상시키기 위하여 공통점의 동일 삼각점을 대상으로 회전 등 위치변환을 수행한 결과, 수평위치오차가 약 0.267~0.823m로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이번 특별소삼각측량지역의 발견은 남북 분단 이후 북한의 지적자료와 단절된 상태에서 문헌을 통해서만 알고 있었던 북한의 지적현황을 직접 확인하고 새로운 사실관계를 규명함에 있어 지적사적 큰 의미가 있다 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to introduce the newly discovered special small triangulation surveying area through the information project of cadastral surveying detailed map over North Korea by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the triangulation, and to improve the location accuracy of cadastral surveying detailed map by linking the special small triangulation surveying area with the origin of cartesian coordinates using the triangulation result of origin of the cartesian coordinate from land survey. There were 19 special small-scale triangulation areas on Korean Peninsular known through the various reference but it was verified that the detailed survey was done by the origin of special small triangulation surveying in Songdo-myeon, Gaesung-gun in addition to 19 areas through the information project of cadastral surveying detailed map over North Korea. In addition, special small triangulation surveying area of Songdo-myeon, Gaesung-gun was converted into the origin of cartesian coordinate system based on the triangulation result and the horizontal accutacy error was about 4.532∼10.689m. In order to improve the consistency of the location conversion, the horizontal accuracy error was reduced to about 0.267∼0.823m as a result of location conversion with rotating the same triangles of common points. The discovery of the special small triangulation surveying area will have significant cadastral meaning in identifying North Korea`s cadastral status and investigating new facts, which have been known only through reference since the division of South Korea and North Korea.
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