국겁고궁박물관 소장유리구슬반 분석연구

김효윤,김민지,윤지현,김규호 국립고궁박물관 2017 古宮文化 Vol.- No.10

국립고궁박물관 소장 유리구슬발은 표면 먼지, 연결끈의 끊어짐, 유리구슬의 분리 등으로 보존처 리가 필요한 상태이다. 보존처리에 앞서 유물을 이해하고 적절한 재료와 방법을 선택하기 위해 유물의 상태조사, 각 재 질별 주성 분 및 특성 을 분석 하였다. 재 질과 제작 기법 등이 유사한 유리 구슬 발은 국내에서는 아직 확인되지 않지만, 국외에서 확인되는 유사한 유물은 대부분 20세기 초 중국에서 만들어졌다. 유리분석 결과, 청록색과 백색은 알칼리혼합유리, 적색은 포타쉬유리, 주황색온 산호로 추정되는 탄산칼슘으로 확인된다. 그 외 목제걸이대는 활엽수재인 열대수종, 섬유 연결 끈은 견섬 유, 금속장식 은 양은으로 만들었다. 분석 결과, 이 유물은 20세기 초 국외에서 만들어진 재료로 제작된 것으로 알 수 있다. 유리구슬발의 세부 정밀 분석과 동시대 왕실유물의 분석 결과 뿐 아니라 국외 유사 유물의 분석 결과 를 비교하고 검토하면 향후 더 정확한 제작시기와 제작지를 알 수있을것이댜 The glass beads curtains in collection of National Palace Museum of Korea have dirt on the surface, broken threads, and beads falling off that it needs repair. Before progressing on to the conservation process, analyses of the materials and characteristics were conducted on each part of the object. While no similar object to these pieces has been found in Korea so far, majority of other surviving examples are made in China in the early twentieth century. The analyses identified the blue-green and transparent beads to be composed of mixed alkali glass, the red ones to be potash glass, and orange beads to be made of calcium carbonate, presumably coral. Analyses on non-glass materials revealed substances that could presumably be identified as: tropical hardwood for the wooden hangers, silk for the fabric cords, and nickel-silver for decorative metal pieces. The results signify that the curtains were made of imported materials from the overseas in the early twentieth century. Further analyses, comparative research with other contemporary pieces and juxtaposition of analyses of overseas examples will hopefully narrow down the object s date and place of production.

빔라인 거울조정기 개발

김효윤,홍만수,권혁채,김창균,김영찬 한국진공학회 2006 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.15 No.1

인천 옹진군 영흥도선 출수 도기병의 보존처리와 내용물 분석

김효윤,김서진 한국문화재보존과학회 2016 보존과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

A stoneware bottle was recovered from the Incheon Yeongheungdo Shipwreck in 2013. Primary observations showed that this object had a sealed opening and was covered with a foreign material. After it was cleaned via mechanical and chemical methods, wave patterns were observed on the outer surface of the bottle and a yellowish-brown transparent material was found within. In this paper, the process of conserving the stoneware bottle and the analysis conducted on the unknown material found within is explained. The conservation process included steps such as cleaning, desalination and restoration. After of the missing area located at the rim, the original shape of the bottle was made clear. In addition, the unknown inner material was analyzed using FT-IR and GC-MS. Results showed that the material is similar to golden lacquer. It is speculated that the Yeongheungdo Ship had wrecked during the Unified Silla period while carrying a bottle loaded with golden lacquer. 2013년 인천 영흥도선에서 출수된 도기병은 해양생물과 주변 물질들이 단단하게 굳어져 표면 전체를 덮고 있던 상태였다. 표면과 구연부의 이물질을 물리적, 화학적인 방법으로 제거하니 표면에 파도무늬가 나타났으며 내부에서 황갈색 투명한 고체물질도 확인되었다. 이 논문은 도기병의 보존처리 과정과 내부 물질을 확인하는 분석과정을 설명했다. 도기병은 이물질 제거, 탈염, 복원 등의 순서로 보존처리를 진행했고, 없어진 구연부를 복원하여 원래 형태를 더 잘 이해할 수 있게 했다. 또한 내용물의 성분을 확인하기 위해 문헌을 토대로 통일신라(8~9세기)에 유통 가능했던 재료들을 푸리에변환 적외분광분석(FT-IR)과 가스크로마토그래피-질량분석기(GC-MS)로 비교분석하였다. 분석 결과 FT-IR과 GC-MS 모두 황칠과의 유사성을 확인하였다. 보존처리 후에 드러난 도기병의 파도무늬와 분석결과 확인된 황칠과의 유사성을 통해 영흥도선은 통일신라시대에 황칠을 싣고 가다가 난파된 선박임을 추측해볼 수 있다.

Synergistic Effects of EPDM and Fumed Silica Additives in VMQ Rubber Blends

김효윤,최수빈,이동윤 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.2

토기의 복원재료로 사용되는 합성수지 제거 연구

김효윤,박대우,남병직,장성윤,Kim, Hyoyun,Park, Daewoo,Nam, Byeongjik,Jang, Sungyoon 국립문화재연구소 2011 保存科學硏究 Vol.32 No.-

국내에서 토기 복원에 주로 사용하는 접착제 3종: Cemedine C, Loctite$^{(R)}$ 401$^{TM}$, Araldite Rapid Type와 메움제 3종: 석고, CDKI 520 A+B, Araldit$^{(R)}$ SV 427-2+HV 427-1의 제거효과에 대해 연구했다. 1차 실험에서 각각의 재료들을 여러 용제에 침적해 연화의 정도(Soften level)를 비교하고, 2차 실험은 연질토기 시료와 경질토기 시료에 재료들로 복원하여 침적법과 증기법의 효과를 비교했다. 1차 실험 결과 Cemedine C와 Loctite는 아세톤에 쉽게 녹았고, Plaster(석고)는 인산나트륨에 효과적으로 제거되었다. Araldite Rapid Type와 CDKI 520과 SV427은 Dichloromethan, Tetrahydrofuran, DMX (Dichloromethan + Methanol + Xylene)에 효과적으로 제거되었다. 2차 연구는 1차 연구를 토대로 제거에 효과적이라 판단되는 용제를 각각 침적법과 증기법으로 제거하였다. 대부분의 시료에 적용된 재료들은 침적법으로 10분 이내에, 증기법으로는 약 24시간 후에 제거되었다. This study examines the removal effects of solvents which were applied on three adhesives and three filling materials for ceramics. The chosen materials are Cemedine C, Loctite$^{(R)}$ 401$^{TM}$, Araldite Rapid Type, plaster of paris, CDKI 520A+B, Araldit$^{(R)}$ SV427-2+HV427-1. For the first examination, each different materials were soaked into different solvents, and then the soften level were compared by compressive pressure. The result of the first exam showed that Cemedine C was dissolved easily in acetone. Furthermore Araldite, CDK and SV427 were soften efficiently by Dichloromethan, Tetrahydrofuran and DMX(Dichloromethan+Methanol+Xylene). However, Loctite and plaster were not able to make sample for the first test. Therefore, the second test carried on only. The second examination, chosen effective solvents from the first test were applied with two different methods; soaking and saturated atmosphere. Almost every sample could removed by soaking method in ten minutes, and saturated atmosphere method needs 24 hours for the safety.

개방성 승모판 교련 절제술의 장기 성적

김효윤 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1993 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.26 No.7

Sixty-three patients who underwent open mitral commissurotomy at Sejong General Hospital during last 10 years from the August, 1983 to June, 1993 were reviewed There were fifty-one women and twelve men, and the mean age was 34.2 years. According to the NYHA classification, the distribution of patient preoperatively was as follows: class I, 5 patients ; class II, 26 patients ; class III, 30 patients ; class IV, 2 patients, and mean duration of symptome was 4.5 years. The mean mitral valvular area measured with echocardiogram preoperatively was 0.92cm2. All patients underwent open mitral commissurotomy and 41 patients required additional procedures for relief of subvalvular stenosis or other valvular disease. There were no operative death. 63 patients had three different types of mitral stenosis : type I, mobile cusps without subvalvular change [21 patients] ; typeII, thickened cusps with subvalvular change [34 patients] ; type III, rigid cusps with severe subvalvular change [8 patients]. The valvular calcification was seen in 11 patients [17%] and 15 patients [24%] had left atrial thrombus. The duration of follow-up was from 1 month to 168 months [mean, 39.6 months] and there were no late death. Six patients required reoperation and one patient had embolic episode. Conclusively,the open mitral commissurotomy represents a safe surgical precedure for treating mitral stenosis, allowing a complete removal of atrial thrombosis if present, and even when associated with subvalvular changes.

유리공장이식편을 이용한 인두 및 경부식도 재건술

김효윤 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1994 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.27 No.2

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous challenges to surgeons. Over the past 2 years[1990, Dec.-1993, Jun], the free jejunal graft has been performed in 17 cases in Korea Cancer Center Hospital.The indications of this procedures were almost malignant neoplasms involving neck and upper aero-digestive tract; Hypopharyngeal cancer[12 cases, including 2 recurrent cases], laryngeal cancer[2 cases], thyroid cancer[2 cases, including 1 recurrent case], cervical esophageal cancer[1 case]. There were fifteen men and two women, and the mean age was 59.6 years. The anastomosis site of jejunal artery were common carotid artery[16 cases] or external carotid artery[1 case] and that of jejunal vein were internal jegular [15 cases] or facial[1 case] and superior thyroid vein[1 case]. The length of jejunal graft was from 9 cm to 17 cm[mean 13 cm] and the mean ischemic time was 68 minutes. There was one hospital mortality which was irrelevant to procedures[variceal bleeding] and one graft failure[1/16]. Other postoperative complications were neck bleeding or hematoma[3 cases], abdominal wound infection or disruption[5 cases], anastomosis site leakage[1 case], pneumonia[2 cases], graft vein thrombosis[1 case], and food aspiration[1 case]. The function of conduit was excellent and ingestion of food was possible in nearly all cases. Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy was also applicable without problem in 7 cases. During follow-up periods, the anastomosis site stenosis developed in four patients, and the tracheal stoma was narrowed in one case but easily overcome with dilation. In conclusion, we think that the free jejunal graft is one of the excellent reconstruction methods of upper digestive tract, especially after radical resection of malignant neoplasm in neck with a high success rate and low mortality and morbidity rate.

다차원척도법을 이용한 어린이도서관 별치 자료에 대한 인지 거리 연구

김효윤,조재인 한국정보관리학회 2017 정보관리학회지 Vol.34 No.1

This study conducted a survey to measure recognition distance between the materials which are located separately in a children’s library targeting 200 elementary school lower grade students, higher grade students, and school parents(adults). And compared recognition distance between the elements of materials of individual visitor group with multidimensional scaling and K-mean group analysis. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is a technique for projecting the cognitive state in space by evaluating the similarity or attribute of the analysis target. Even though it is mainly used for market diagnosis in marketing, It can also be applied to present an ideal physical layout plan by analyzing the distance. As a result of analysis, the main discoveries are as follows. First, elementary school students cognize child, baby and computer materials should be adjacent as a same group. But recognition of adults(school parents) is reflected by differing from elementary school students vastly. They cognize that computer materials should be formed as a special group separated from child and baby’s materials. Second, elementary school higher graders and adults(school parents) groups also want to separate their main reading materials from baby’s book, therefore They both want to secure silent reading space separating from baby. Third, as a result to confirming how this recognition distance system of materials is reflected in a real children’s library through three children’s libraries in Y-gu, Incheon, there is no library with structure according perfectly with a recognition system of a particular class, but a recognition system of adults and elementary school students is partially reflected because baby, child and computer materials, and baby and child materials are commonly separated and placed. It is difficult to insist that a recognition system of a visitor group, especially a recognition system of children is absolute consideration conditions in material placement of a children’s library. However, understanding cognition of the user groups can be an important evidentiary factors to offer differentiated service space according to visitors and effective placement of the elements of library resources. 본 연구는 초등학교 저학년과 고학년, 학부모로 구성된 어린이 도서관 이용자들 200여명이 인지하는 별치 자료간 희망 인지 거리를 다차원척도법(Multi-Dimensional Scaling: MDS)과 K-means 군집분석을 활용해 비교 분석하고 이들의 인지 거리가 실제 어린이 도서관에 어떻게 투영되어 있는지 몇 가지 사례를 통하여 검토해 보았다. 다차원척도법은 분석 대상의 유사성이나 속성 등을 평가하여 공간상에 투영시키는 기법으로 마케팅에서 주로 시장 진단을 위해 활용되지만, 제품이나 시설에 대한 이용자의 인지적 거리를 분석하여 이상적인 물리적 배치 방안을 제시하는 데에도 적용할 수 있다. 분석 결과, 별치 자료간 인지 거리에 있어 초등학교 저학년과 고학년 그리고 학부모 집단간에 각각 차이가 나타났으며, 특히 유․아동자료와 컴퓨터자료 그리고 유아자료와 아동자료간의 인지 거리에 있어 큰 차이가 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, Y구의 3개 어린이도서관을 대상으로 분석된 인지 거리 체계가 어떻게 투영되어 있는지 확인해 본 결과, 특정 집단의 인지 체계에 완벽히 부합하는 공간 구조를 지닌 도서관은 존재하지 않았으나, 공통적으로 유․아동자료와 컴퓨터자료, 그리고 유아자료와 아동자료가 분리 배치되어 있다는 점에서 학부모와 초등학생들의 인지 거리가 부분적으로 투영되어 있는 것으로 검토되었다.

도서관법 개정에 따른 공공도서관 설립 타당성 사전평가의 실효성 분석

김효윤 한국도서관·정보학회 2022 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.53 No.3

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the pre-evaluation of the feasibility of establishing a public library, which is mandatory according to the revision of the Library Act, can improve the quality of the library. Therefore, the effectiveness of the preliminary evaluation was analyzed through the case analysis of the preliminary evaluation of the public library construction support project, which was implemented for the same purpose before the revision of the Library Act. In the case of libraries built after preliminary evaluation, most of the minimum standards for legal librarians required by the Enforcement Decree of the Library Act were secured, which helped secure basic library personnel. However, there were few libraries that secured and operated as much manpower as originally planned, and in some cases, the application applied to operate the library directly, but it was changed to consignment operation at the time of opening, so the pre-review details were not faithfully reflected. This study proposed re-establishing realistic librarian placement standards according to the revision of the law and introducing a post-evaluation using the library registration system so that it would not be a formal pre-process through case analysis. 본 연구의 목적은 도서관법 개정에 따라 의무 적용되는 공공도서관 설립 타당성 사전평가가 도서관의 질적인 측면을 개선할 수 있을지 파악하는 것이다. 이에 도서관법 개정 전 같은 목적으로 시행되었던 공공도서관 건립지원 사업 사전평가의 사례 분석을 통해 사전평가의 실효성을 분석하였다. 사전평가를 거쳐 건립된 도서관들의 경우 도서관법 시행령에서 요구하는 법정 사서 최소 기준 3명을 대부분 확보하고 있어 기본적인 도서관 인력 확보에는 도움이 된다고 할 수 있었다. 하지만 당초 계획하였던 만큼의 인력을 확보하여 운영하는 도서관은 거의 존재하지 않았고 신청서에는 도서관 운영을 직접 운영하겠다고 신청하였지만 실제 개관 시 위탁운영으로 변경된 사례도 있어 사전 검토 내역이 충실히 반영되지 않았다는 측면도 있었다. 본 연구는 사례 분석을 통하여 형식적으로 거쳐야 하는 사전 절차가 되지 않도록 법 개정에 따른 현실성 있는 사서 배치 기준의 재확립과 도서관 등록제를 활용한 사후평가 도입을 제안하였다.

식도및 위의 원발성 중복암의 외과적절제술 2례

김효윤 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1992 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.25 No.10

We underwent two surgical resection of synchronous primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma after obtaining histologic comfirmation 74-years old male pateint was recieved esophagectomy & total gastrectomy with esophagojejunostomy and 59-years old man was recieved near total esophagectomy and total gastrectomy with esophagocolo-gejunostomy. Their was no postoperative complications. The hospital day was 15 and 21 days postoperatively. All of them started oral intake at 7 days postoperatively and possible soft diet soon. We conclude that total resection of esophagus and stomach is the recommendable methods for prolong the life of double primary cancer patients of esophagus and stomach. Also, the reconstruction of the esophagus with colon or jejunal transposition is one of the recommenable procedure for curative surgical resection of double primary cancer in esophagus and stomach. And we also wish to emphasize the importance of detailed preopertive gastric examination for detect of gastric lesion and of careful intraoperative inspection of the gastric mucosa in patients with esophageal cancer whose preoperative gastric examination provide inconclusive evidence due to the severe esophageal stenosis.