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김혜지,한진호,권영수,Kim, H.J.,Han, J.H.,Kwon, Y.S. 한국전자통신연구원 2022 전자통신동향분석 Vol.37 No.1
With increasing size of transformer-based neural networks, a light-weight algorithm and efficient AI accelerator has been developed to train these huge networks in practical design time. In this article, we present a survey of state-of-the-art research on the low-precision computational algorithms especially for floating-point formats and their hardware accelerator. We describe the trends by focusing on the work of two leading research groups-IBM and Seoul National University-which have deep knowledge in both AI algorithm and hardware architecture. For the low-precision algorithm, we summarize two efficient floating-point formats (hybrid FP8 and radix-4 FP4) with accuracy-preserving algorithms for training on the main research stream. Moreover, we describe the AI processor architecture supporting the low-bit mixed precision computing unit including the integer engine.
Transformer를 활용한 인공신경망의 경량화 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 가속 기술 동향
김혜지,여준기,H.J. Kim,C.G. Lyuh 한국전자통신연구원 2023 전자통신동향분석 Vol.38 No.5
The development of neural networks is evolving towards the adoption of transformer structures with attention modules. Hence, active research focused on extending the concept of lightweight neural network algorithms and hardware acceleration is being conducted for the transition from conventional convolutional neural networks to transformer-based networks. We present a survey of state-of-the-art research on lightweight neural network algorithms and hardware architectures to reduce memory usage and accelerate both inference and training. To describe the corresponding trends, we review recent studies on token pruning, quantization, and architecture tuning for the vision transformer. In addition, we present a hardware architecture that incorporates lightweight algorithms into artificial intelligence processors to accelerate processing.
김진규,김혜지,조용철,김현미,여준기,한진호,권영수,Kim, J.K.,Kim, H.J.,Cho, Y.C.P.,Kim, H.M.,Lyuh, C.G.,Han, J.,Kwon, Y. 한국전자통신연구원 2021 전자통신동향분석 Vol.36 No.2
The rapid growth of deep-learning applications has invoked the R&D of artificial intelligence (AI) processors. A dedicated software framework such as a compiler and runtime APIs is required to achieve maximum processor performance. There are various compilers and frameworks for AI training and inference. In this study, we present the features and characteristics of AI compilers, training frameworks, and inference engines. In addition, we focus on the internals of compiler frameworks, which are based on either basic linear algebra subprograms or intermediate representation. For an in-depth insight, we present the compiler infrastructure, internal components, and operation flow of ETRI's "AI-Ware." The software framework's significant role is evidenced from the optimized neural processing unit code produced by the compiler after various optimization passes, such as scheduling, architecture-considering optimization, schedule selection, and power optimization. We conclude the study with thoughts about the future of state-of-the-art AI compilers.
신발굽 높이와 Wedge 위치 변화가 하지 근활성도에 미치는 영향
이현주(H. J. Lee),김소정(S. J. Kima),김순종(S. J. Kimb),김혜지(H. J. Kim),박보람(B. R. Park),박소영(S. Y. Park),유정화(J. H. Yu),태기식(K. S. Tae) 한국재활복지공학회 2014 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.8 No.4
본 연구는 30명의 여성에게 내·외측 wedge 삽입과 함께 flated heel 또는 5㎝ heel을 착용하도록 한 후, 넙다리네갈래근 중 쪽빗넓은근(VMO)과 가쪽넓은근(VL)의 근활성도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 연구 결과 내외측 wedge 모두에서 flated heel 군에서는 가쪽넓은근이, 5 ㎝ heel 군에서는 안쪽빗넓은근의 근활성도가 높게 나타났으며 가쪽넓은근에 대한 안쪽빗넓은근의 근활성도비(% VMO/VL) 또한 5㎝ heel 군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 이는 안쪽빗넓은근과 가쪽넓은근의 근활성도에 영향을 미치는 외적 변수가 wedge의 내외측 위치보다는 힐의 높이에 의함을 알 수 있었다. 차후 무릎통증이나 무릎 불안정성으로 인한 하지 재활훈련 또는 하지보조기 제작 시에 하지 근육의 선택적 활성화를 유도하기 위한 변수로써 heel 높이를 고려할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of the electromyographic activity in vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL), also vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis ratios after wearing wedged flated or 5㎝ heel shoes. The subjects were 30 healthy women who randomly assigned to two group, divided by flated or 5㎝ heel group. They were asked to perform squat exercise in two postures using medial and lateral wedged shoes. In two groups, EMG activity of VMO and VL was significant difference between the flated heel and 5㎝ heel (p<.01). This study showed that 5㎝ heel could selectively more active VMO than flated heel. It should be considered the heel height as the parameter when the patient with lower extremity problem undergo rehabilitation exercise or design of orthoses for the selective muscle activity of knee pain or knee instability.
간호대학생의 전공만족도와 간호전문직관의 관계 : 일대학 간호대학생을 대상으로
고정은,김미희,김은진,김혜지,엄지은,이행아,장누리,장동은 이화여자대학교 간호학회 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45
PURPOSE : This study purposed to examine the relation between nursing college students' major satisfaction and their nursing professionalism. METHOD : We collected data from 197 nursing students at a college in Seoul using a structured questionnaire from the 6th to 13th. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0. RESULT : 1. The mean score of major satisfaction was 3.54±49 and that of nursing professionalism was 3.52±46. Among the sub-areas of major satisfaction, satisfaction with career investigation was highest. In addition, among the sub-areas of nursing professionalism, the specialty of nursing was highest. 2. Major satisfaction was higher in those from the Department of Natural Science, with a nurse in their family members and it was also significantly different according to the motive for choosing nursing. Nursing professionalism was higher in those with a nurse in their family members and it was also significantly different according to the motive for choosing. 3. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the subjects' major satisfaction and their nursing professionalism. The sub-area of major satisfaction in the highest correlation with nursing professionalism was 'satisfaction with perception', and the sub-area of nursing professionalism in the highest correlation with major satisfaction was 'professional self-concept' CONCLUSION : A significant positive correlation was observed between major satisfaction and nursing professionalism, and this raises the necessity for maintaining high major satisfaction so that nursing students may establish positive nursing professionalism through their college study.