이산화염소의 활성산소 발생에 따른 화랑곡나방 심장박동 억제 효과

김철영,권혁,김욱,김용균,Kim, Chul-young,Kwon, Hyeok,Kim, Wook,Kim, Yonggyun 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.56 No.2

곤충의 혈액순환은 심장 박동에 의해 도움을 받는다. 다양한 생리적 변화는 심장 박동 조절을 수반하게 된다. 심장박동에 대한 교란은 곤충의 생존을 위협하게 된다. 본 연구는 활성산소를 유발하여 살충력을 발휘하는 이산화염소가 혈액순환계에 미치는 영향을 심장박동을 통해 분석하였다. 화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella) 유충의 등핏줄은 몸의 윗면 중앙에 위치하고 후방으로 복부 10번째 마디에서 시작하여 전방으로 첫 번째 가슴 마디까지 연결된 관 구조를 나타냈다. 등핏줄의 수축과 이완은 주로 복부 3-10번째 마디에 위치한 등핏줄에서 일어났으며 이 부위에 5개의 심실이 관찰되었다. 심장박동빈도는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 분당 평균 118.6회의 수축 리듬을 보였다. 그러나 온도에 따라 심장박동빈도는 현격한 변화를 보였다. 혈강에 이산화염소를 다양한 농도로 투여한 경우 심장박동빈도는 약제 농도 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 이산화염소(100 ppm)을 훈증 처리할 경우 노출 시간의 경과에 따라 심장박동리듬이 현격하게 감소하였다. 이러한 이산화염소의 심장박동 억제효과는 활성산소 저해제인 비타민 E와 함께 주입할 경우 회복되는 현상을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과는 이산화염소가 화랑곡나방의 심장박동에 억제효과를 주었으며 이러한 억제효과는 이물질이 유발하는 활성산소에 기인된 것으로 해석된다. Heart contraction is essential for insect hemolymph circulation, in which various physiological changes need control of the heart contraction. Thus, interruption of heartbeats intimidate insect survival. Chlorine dioxide induces release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been regarded as the main insecticidal agent. This study analyzed the effect of chlorine dioxide on heartbeats of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The larvae have the dorsal vessel on the medial dorsal region in a form of an extending tube from the first thorax to 10th abdominal segment. Dorsal vessel contraction was noticeable between 3rd and 10th abdominal segments, where five heart chambers were observed. Average heartbeat rate was 118.6 beats per min at $25^{\circ}C$. However, the heartbeats varied with ambient temperature. Injection of chlorine dioxide to hemocoel suppressed the heartbeats in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of chlorine dioxide also increased with exposure time to gas form of the chemical at 100 ppm. However, vitamin E (an antioxidant against ROS) treatment significantly rescued the larvae treated with chlorine dioxide in the heart contraction activity. These results suggest that chlorine dioxide negatively influences on the heart contraction of P. interpunctella via its production of ROS.

이산화탄소 혼합 처리를 통한 이산화염소 훈증 처리 효과 제고 기술

김철영,권혁,김욱,김용균,Kim, Chulyoung,Kwon, Hyeok,Kim, Wook,Kim, Yonggyun 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.56 No.3

이산화염소 훈증 처리는 저곡해충에 대한 방제 가능성을 가지고 있다. 특히 체내로 독성 가스의 침투력을 높이기 위해 기문의 개방화를 유도하면 이 훈증 가스 처리 효과를 증가시킬 수 있다. 이 가설을 증명하기 위해 본 연구는 이산화염소 훈증 처리에 감수성을 보이는 화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella)을 대상으로 기문 개방 활동을 분석하였다. 화랑곡나방 유충의 기문은 모두 9쌍으로 앞가슴에 1쌍 그리고 복부에 8쌍을 각각 지니고 있다. 이들은 몸 내부에 가로 및 세로기관지와 연결된 구조를 지녔다. 기문 개방 유무는 염색액 침투 방법으로 판정하였으며 이를 토대로 분석한 결과 주변 온도 증가에 따라 기문 개방화는 약 60% 까지 증가하였다. 특히 이산화탄소에 노출되면 기문개방화는 약 95%까지 증가하였다. 반면에 이산화염소에 노출되면 화랑곡나방 유충의 기문은 대부분 닫혀 기문개방율이 약 25%로 줄었다. 이산화염소 처리에 이산화탄소를 추가한 결과 기문개방율은 이산화탄소 단독 처리만큼 크게 증가하였다. 이를 토대로 두 혼합 가스를 처리하여 살충효과를 분석한 결과 이산화염소 단독 처리에 비해 혼합처리가 현격하게 높은 살충력을 나타냈다. Fumigation using chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) has been regarded as a potential control technique against stored grain insect pests. The control efficacy can be enhanced with increase of opening rates of spiracles by facilitating the toxic gas delivery to internal body. To test this hypothesis, this study used the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, which was known to be susceptible to $ClO_2$, and analyzed the opening rate of spiracles. A total of 9 pairs of spiracles were observed in P. interpunctella larvae, in which one pair was located on the prothorax and eight pairs were on the abdomen. Within the body, the spiracles were connected to longitudinal and transverse tracheal trunks. The open spiracles were determined by the dye-infiltration method. Based on this method, the opening rate of spiracles increased up to about 60% with increase of ambient temperatures. Furthermore, exposure to carbon dioxide stimulated the opening rate of spiracles up to about 95%. In contrast, exposure to $ClO_2$ prevented the spiracle opening and resulted in only 25% of spiracles in an opening state. The addition of carbon dioxide to $ClO_2$ treatment rescued the opening rate of spiracles as much as the carbon dioxide single treatment. Based on this modulatory activity of carbon dioxide against spiracles, the combined treatment of $ClO_2$ with carbon dioxide resulted in significant increase of its toxicity against P. interpunctella compared to a single $ClO_2$ treatment.

혈당강하효과를 나타내는 상엽의 당지질 성분

김철영,강시현,정기화,정춘식,김박광,허훈,Kim, Chul-Young,Kang, Si-Hyun,Jeong, Gi-Wha,Cheong, Chun-Sik,Kim, Bak-Kwang,Huh, Hoon 한국생약학회 2000 생약학회지 Vol.31 No.1

In order to find out hypoglycemic constituents from natural resources, Korean medicinal plants being used for the treatments of diabetes mellitus were tested with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. From the above screening, the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction of 80% methanol extracts of Morus alba leaves showed hypoglycemic activity. The $CH_2Cl_2$fraction was chromatographed on silica gel, resulting in 9 subfractions, and tested hypoglycemic activity. The subfraction which had a strong hypoglycemic activity was rechromatographed and two galactolipids (compounds 1 and 2) were isolated along with a triterpene (compound 3) from other fractions. On the basis of spectroscopic data, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis and enzyme hydrolysis results, compounds 1, 2 and 3 were identified as $1-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octatrienoyl)-2-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octatrienoyl)-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl$ glycerol, $2(R)-1-O-octadecanoyl-2-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octatrienoyl)-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl$ glycerol, and $3{\beta}-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene$ acetate, respectively. Compound 2 (1mg/kg p.o.) has approximately 16% hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

주형단면의 비대칭성을 고려한 3차원 사장교의 지진해석

김철영,장승필,Kim, Chul Young,Chang, Sung Pil 대한토목학회 1992 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

지진이나 바람과 같은 횡방향 하중이 가해졌을 때, 일반적으로 수직한 촉에 대해서만 대칭인 단면을 갖는 교량의 주형에는 횡방향 휨에 결합된 비틂이 유발되어 특히 사장교의 케이블등에는 예상치 못했던 추가응력이 유발될 수 있다. 이러한 거동은 일반적인 뼈대요소로는 해석할 수 없으므로, 임의의 단면 형상을 갖는 기하학적 비선형 3차원 뼈대요소를 사용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 뼈대요소의 이론적인 배경과 검증은 이전에 발표된 논문에 수록되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 주형단면의 비대칭성을 고려한 지진해석을 수행하여 휨-비틂 결합작용에 의한 거동을 연구한다. In general, the cross-section of a girder of a bridge has only one axis of symmetry. Therefore, lateral forces such as earthquake and wind may cause torsion coupled with lateral bending in the gider. This induces additional stresses especially in cables arranged in double-planes. Since this effect cannot be considered by using the conventional frame elements, the stiffness and the mass matrices of the geometrically nonlinear thin-walled frame element have to be used in order to model the girder. Theoretical development and verification of the frame element used in this study were made through a-previously presented paper. In this paper, seismic analysis of a three dimensional cable-stayed bridge considering the unsymmetry of the girder cross-section is performed to investigate the coupled flexural-torsional behaviors.

지진과 급배수 위생설비

김철영,Kim, Cheol-Yeong 대한설비공학회 2005 설비저널 Vol.34 No.10

누에에 대한 저독성 Bacillus thuringiensis 균근의 선발

김철영,김영훈,강석관,Kim, Cheol-Yeong,Kim, Yeong-Hun,Gang, Seok-Gwan 한국잠사학회 1986 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Among many microbial pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the most hopeful pesticide and some commercial products have been appearing on the market. Because these commercial products contain living spores and toxins of the organism, there is a danger that living spores of B. thuringiensis may be scattered by wind and cause a great damage in the sericulture areas. In order to avoide these risks it is desirable to select the strain which has low pathogenicity to the silkworm, and at the sometime being highly pathogenic to the pest insects. Thus this study has been carried out to acquire some basic informations about the procedure of desicable strain selection. Three strains of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki, var. dendrolimus and var. aizawai were used for the pathogenicity test on the silkworm, Bombux mori and the fall webwarm, Hyphantria cunea. Those strains were investigated by the agarose gel electrophoresis patterns of plasmid DNA determine whether mutation had occured. Pathogenicity tests were carried out of using isolated crystal proteins and spore-crystal protein to mixtures of each strain, seperatively. In case of using spore-crystal protein mixture, the order of pathogenicity in varities of B. thuringiensis against B.mopri and H.cunea were kurstaki, aizawai, dendrolimus and kurstaki, dendrolimus, aizawai, respectively. But using isolated crystal proteins, dendrolimus had the highest toxicity to H. cunea and the lowest toxicity to B. mori among tested three strains. From the above results, dendrolimus was presumed the most desirable straing for using microbial pesticide. 해충의 미생물적 방제를 위한 미생물살충제 중 특히 주목되어지는 Bacillus thruingiensis살충제를 개발함에 있어서 우리나라와 같은 양잠국가에서는 누에에 대한 피해가 우려되므로 익충인 누에에 대해서는 비교적 저독성이고 목적해충에 대해서는 맹독성인 균주를 선발하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 plasmid영동상에 의해 확인된 3종의 B.t.균주 kurstaki. aizawai, dendrolimus를 이용하여 Renograffin 이중층법에 의해 분리된 내독소 단백질 및 포자와 내독소 단백질 혼합물 각각을 누에와 흔불나방에 대해 독성을 검정하여 아래와 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 1. plasmid의 전기영동상을 분석한 결과 kurastaki가 150-1.5Md 사이에 10개, dendrolimus가 75-33Md 사이에 4개, aizawai가 62-4.2Md사이에 6개 band가 나타났다. 2. 누에와 흔불나방에 대한 독성검정결과는 아래와 같다. i)dendrolimus가 누에에 있어서는 가장 저독성이고 목적해충인 흰불나방에 대해서는 kurstaki와 대등한 우수한 살충력을 나타내었다. ii)공시충에 따라 균주간에 독성차이가 크게 나타났으며 kurstaki가 공시충에 따른 독성차이가 가장 작고 비교적 독성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

지진의 상황을 그대로 재현한다

김철영,Kim, Cheol-Yeong 한국과학기술단체총연합회 2005 과학과 기술 Vol.38 No.6

기술환경변화에 대비한 항공종사자 자격증명제도 고찰

김철영,Kim, Cheol-Yeong 한국항공우주정책·법학회 2000 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.12 No.-

우리가 맞이하게 될 기술환경의 변화는 직무의 오토메이션, 정보전달 방법의 혁신으로서의 미디어혁명 그리고 사고(忠考)를 지원하는 지식 지원화를 주축으로 이루어질 것으로 보인다. 이러한 변화는 우리가 산업혁명시 기계화를 맞이하면서 겪었던 변화보다 컴퓨터에 의한 오토메이션, 미디어혁명, 지식지원화는 더 큰 변화를 가져오게 될 것이다. 특히 한 시대의 산업사회의 발전을 가져온 기술이 그 사회를 붕괴시킨다는 전성의 법칙은 우리들로 하여금 새로운기술환경변화에 대비하지 않으면 우리는 기술환경변화에 의해 피해를 감수해야 할 것이라는 사실을 간과해서는 안 될 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 운항환경에 적용되는 기술환경변화를 분석하여 항공종사자 자격증명제도에 요구되는 개선방향을 도출하였다.

진공관형 태양열 집열기의 구리-유리 직접 접합 기술

김철영,임형봉,조남권,곽희열,Kim, Cheol-Young,Lim, Hyong-Bong,Cho, Nam-Kwon,Kwak, Hee-Youl 한국세라믹학회 2006 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.43 No.9

The sealing technique between a glass tube and a copper heat pipe in an evacuated tube solar collector is studied. In this study two different sealing techniques, such as flame method and furnace firing, are examined. After the sealing of a copper to a glass, the oxidation state of the copper and its bonding morphology were examined by SEM and XRD. Its oxidation was retarded by coating of borate solution on the copper, and $Cu_2O(cuprite)$ turned into CuO(tenorite) with increase in a firing temperature and firing time. Porous structure was found in the oxide layer when CuO formed. The best sealing morphology was observed when the thickness of the oxidation layer was less than $20{\mu}m$. The sealing technique performed in a furnace was promising and the satisfactory result was obtained when the sample was fired at $950^{\circ}C$ for 5 min under $N_2$ atmosphere. Annealing procedure is recommended to remove the stress left at the bonding zone.

꽃노랑총채벌레와 대만총채벌레의 내한성과 월동처 비교 연구

김철영,최두열,팔구니칸,엠디따핌호사인흐리틱,홍주안,김용균,Chulyoung, Kim,Du-yeol, Choi,Falguni, Khan,Md Tafim Hossain, Hrithik,Jooan, Hong,Yonggyun, Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.61 No.3

Two dominant thrips in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivating in greenhouses are Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa in Korea. This study investigated their overwintering physiology. These two thrips were freeze-susceptible and suppressed the body freezing temperature by lowering supercooling point (SCP) down to -15~-27℃. However, these SCPs varied among species and developmental stages. SCPs of F. occidentalis were -25.7±0.5℃ for adults, -17.2±0.3℃ for pupae, and -15.0±0.4℃ for larvae. SCPs of F. intonsa were -24.0±1.0℃ for adults, -27.0±0.5℃ for pupae, -17.2±0.8℃ for larvae. Cold injuries of both species occurred at low temperature treatments above SCPs. Thrips mortality increased as the treatment temperature decreased and its exposure period increased. F. occidentalis exhibited higher cold tolerance than F. intonsa. In both species, adults were more cold-tolerant than larvae. Two thrips species exhibited a rapid cold hardening because a pre-exposure to 0℃ for 2 h significantly enhanced the cold tolerance to a lethal cold temperature treatment at -10℃ for 2 h. In addition, a sequential exposure of the thrips to decreasing temperatures made them to be acclimated to low temperatures. To investigate the overwintering sites of the two species, winter monitoring of the thrips was performed at the greenhouses. During winter season (November~February), adults of the two species were not captured in outside of the greenhouses. However, F. occidentalis adults were captured to the traps and observed in weeds within the greenhouses. F. occidentalis adults were also emerged from soil samples obtained from the greenhouses during the winter season. F. intonsa adults did not come out from the soil samples at November and December, but emerged from the soil samples obtained after January. To determine the adult emergence due to diapause development, two thrips species were reared under different photoperiods. Adult development occurred in all photoperiod treatments in F. occidentalis, but did not in F. intonsa especially under short periods. Tomato spotted wilt virus, which is transmitted by these two species, was detected in the weeds infested by the thrips during the winter season. These results suggest that F. occidentalis develops on weeds in the greenhouses while F. intonsa undergoes a diapause in the soil during winter.