인터뷰 평가에서 면접관 발화연구

김종국 한국중앙영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.49 No.2

A Study on the interviewer discoursein an oral proficiency interview test response)61피드백 표지어 사용(Using Feedback markers)514수험자의 발화 수정(Correcting errors)310어휘 보충(Supplying vocabulary)50주요 질문(Asking agenda questions)4723기타 질문들(Asking non-agenda questions)12580

GD3 Accumulation in Cell Surface Lipid Rafts Prior to Mitochondrial Targeting Contributes to Amyloid-β-induced Apoptosis

김종국,김상호,조희영,신희수,성혜련,정진란,Mei-Lian Quan,Dong-Hong Jiang,배혜란 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.10

Neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanism underlying Aβ-induced apoptosis remains undetermined. The disialoganglioside GD3involves ceramide-, Fas- and TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in lymphoid cells and hepatocytes. Although the implication of GD3 has been suggested, the precise role of GD3 in Aβ-induced apoptosis is still unclear. Here, we investsigated the changes of GD3 metabolism and characterized the distribution and trafficking of GD3 during Aβ-induced apoptosis using human brain-derived TE671 cells. Extracellular Aβ-induced apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. GD3 level was negligible in the basal condition. However, in response to extracellular Aβ, both the expression of GD3 synthase mRNA and the intracellular GD3 level were dramatically increased. Neosynthesized GD3 rapidly accumulated in cell surface lipid microdomains, and was then translocated to mitochondria to execute the apoptosis. Disruption of membrane lipid microdomains with methyl-β-cyclodextrin significantly prevented both GD3 accumulation in cell surface and Aβ-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that rapidly accumulated GD3 in plasma membrane lipid microdomains prior to mitochondrial translocation is one of the key events in Aβ-induced apoptosis.

M-SAM 체계 소요결정을 위한 방법론 사례 연구

김종국,이무성 한국국방연구원 2006 국방정책연구 Vol.22 No.1

중거리 SAM 체계의 소요결정은 향후 군의 방공전력에 절대적인 영향을 미친다. 소요결정업무는 매우 신중하며 절차도 각 군에서 결정하는 단계와 합참에서 결정하여 최종화하는 단계로 이원화되어 있다. 그동안 군에서 검토한 M-SAM의 포대 소요는 순수소요 개념으로 검토되어 왔으며 따라서 논란도 많았던 것이 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 M-SAM 포대의 소요를 검증하고 유도탄 양산에 필요한 소요 및 포대 발사대의 수량을 산출하는 데 있어서 검토 사항에 대한 정량적 분석 방법론 사례를 구체적으로 제시하였다. 타 연구에 대한 본 연구의 특징은 포대 소요, 유도탄 소요 및 포대 발사대 수량을 종합적으로 검토한 것이다.

Testosterone Relaxes Rabbit Seminal Vesicle by Calcium Channel Inhibition

김종국,한우하,이무열,명순철,김세철,김민기 대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.2

Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K+ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10μM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10μM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10μM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10μM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10μM), or glibenclamide (10μM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10μM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca²+ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca²+ current inhibition in rabbit. Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K+ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10μM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10μM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10μM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10μM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10μM), or glibenclamide (10μM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10μM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca²+ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca²+ current inhibition in rabbit.

열저장을 위한 sodium acetate trihydrate 및 stearic acid 의 core 제조와 캡슐화

김종국,설용건,이태규,주현규,윤우석,전명석 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.38 No.5

50-60℃에서 녹는점을 갖는 잠열저장물질 중 무기염 수화물로는 비조화 축열제인 sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT)와 유기물로는 stearic acid(SA)를 1㎜이하의 구형입자로 제조한 후 코팅을 수행하였다. SAT의 상분리 및 과냉각 현상을 방지하기 위하여 gelatin과 sodium pyrophospate dechydrate(Na₄P₂O_7·10H₂O)를 첨가하여 poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA)와 wax로 다중코팅하였고, SA는 PMMA, polyurethane(PU), silicon으로 각각 단일코팅하였다. 광학현미경, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Thermogravimetry(TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)로 입자의 구형도, morphology, 코팅층의 두께 및 내열성 그리고 용융-동결 싸이클 진행에 따른 흡열-발열 및 과냉각 정도를 확인하였다. 그 결과 10-20 ㎛ 두께로 균일하게 코팅된 구형의 Phase Change Material(PCM) 입자 SEM분석을 통해서 관찰되었으며 코팅후 SAT의 경우 12회 싸이클 진행에 따른 잠열량은 50-60 ㎈/g으로 일정하나 과냉각은 10℃정도가 되는 것을 확인하였다. 반면 SA입자 코팅층의 내열적 안정성은 PU>PMMA>silicon 순으로 나타났으며 PU코팅의 경우 잠열량은 약 35 ㎈/g으로 일정하였고 과냉각 없이 용융-동결 반복 후에도 코팅층이 안정된 것으로 확인하였다. Cores(< 1 ㎜ diameter) of organic stearic acid(SA) and inorganic sodium acetate trihydrate(SAT) as phase change material(PCM) with a melting point in the range of 50-60℃ were manufactured. Single-layer coating was performed for 5A cores with poly urethane(PU), poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA), and silicon, respectively, while tertiary-layer coating was performed for SAT cores with PMMA and Wax. In case of SAT, gelatin as thickener and sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate(Na₄P₂O_7·10H₂O) as nucleator were added to prevent the phase separation and the supercooling respectively. Coated PCMs were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), thermogravimetry(TG), arid differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) to investigate their morphology, coating thickness, thermal stability. As a result, we obtained the ball-shaped PCM cores with the uniform coating thickness of 10-20 ㎛, constant latent heat of 50-60 ㎈/g and 35 ㎈/g in case of SAT and SA respectively. But l0 ℃ of supercooling was observed for SAT after 12th cycle of thaw-freezing test, while no supercooling was observed for the SA coated with PU. Thermal stability of the coating polymers used in SA decreased in the order of PU, PMMA and silicon.

음극 진공 아크 증착기술의 응용

김종국,이건환,변응선,권식철 한국표면공학회 2004 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2004 No.-

액상제제의 처방설계 및 제조공정 : 안약 및 정맥 주사제의 처방 설계

김종국 한국약제학회 1990 제제기술워크샵 Vol.- No.2

리포좀을 이용한 생리활성물질의 면역학적 분석법

김종국,박경미 한국약제학회 1994 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.24 No.4

Recent development in the immunochemical technique has resulted in a new ultrasensitive analytical method known as liposome immunoassay (LIA). Liposome is a key element in performing liposome immunoassays, specifically designed to participate in immune reactions. A variety of markers can be encapsulated in liposomes and used as quantitative indicators of reactions. Liposome immunoassay based on agglutination, complement-mediated lysis, cytolysin-mediated lysis, detergent-mediated lysis or destabilization of the liposomal membrane have been reviewed. The quantity of markers released from liposomes should be proportional to the concentration of the analyses. Therefore, liposomal agglutination and lysis which are essential to liposomal lysis are critically reviewed to provide a better understanding of liposome immunoassay. Based on the literature review of recent advances in liposome immunoassay for bioactive substances, this assay method may provide a convenient, specific and highly sensitive method for detecting and measuring trace amount of clinically relevant substances in the future.

전처리 및 건조방법에 따른 곶감의 품질변화

김종국,손태화,문광덕 한국식생활문화학회 1993 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.8 No.4

건시의 품질향상을 위하여 국내 유명산지의 건시를 시료로 하여 건시의 제조시험과 품질평가에 관한 기초자료로서 그 품질요소를 조사하였다. 건시의 수분함량은 30-36%였으며, 탄닌함량은 0-20%로 무처리구는 CO₂와 alcohol 처리구보다 그 함량이 높게 나타났다. 전당함량은 55-60%였고 그 구성은 glucose와 fructose로 구성되어 있었다. 열풍건조에 의한 건시의 제조는 천일건조보다 그 품질이 전반적으로 우수하였으며 특히 slice 한 제품의 품질은 전과의 경우보다 비교적 우수하였다. This study was performed to improved the quality of dried persimmon. For this, the investigation of quality factor and processing experiments were performed. The moisture contents of dried persimmons were 30 to 36% and it was the most important component of the quality. Tannin contents were 0 to 20% and non-treated persimmon had higher tannin contents than treatment of carbon dioxide and alcohol. Total sugar contents were 55 to 60% and it was composed in glucose and fructose. Processing of dried persimmon by artificial-drying seemed to be useful when it needed to shorten the drying time or it continued rainy day during sun-drying. From the result of quality evaluation, sliced dried persimmon was better than whole dried persimmon in quality, so the sliced dried persimmon was expected that it has a little marketability.

수용액 및 연고기제중의 상피세포 성장 인자의 안정화

김종국,김경미,권수연 ( Chong Kook Kim,Kyoung Mi Kim,Soo Yeon Kwon ) 한국약제학회 1997 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.27 No.2

N/A Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogen which activate the proliferation of basal cells in skin, which implicate the wound healing in severe skin damage such as burn. To carry out the preclinical test for the pharmacological action of EGF, EGF in transdermal delivery system must be stable. Since EGF is a protein susceptible to proteolysis and unstable in aqueous solution, in vitro stabilization of EGF is prerequisite for the formulation. In this study, effect of additives on the stability of EGF is investigated in vitro. The stability of EGF in aqueous solution was enhanced with the various water-soluble polysaccharides such as HPMC, sorbitol. mannitol and dextrin. EGF was successfully extracted from the ointment with 5% HPMC solution, and EGF in aqueous solution and ointment was also successfully stabilized with 5% HPMC. The ointments prepared with different amount of EGF were applied on the damaged dorsal skin of rats for the determination of optimal concentration of EGF. The ointment with EGF (10 ㎍/g) showed good wound healing action on the damaged skin of rats.