전후 한국시의 ‘현대성’과 그 계보적 가설 : 김종삼 시를 중심으로

김용희(Kim Yong-hee) 한국근대문학회 2009 한국근대문학연구 Vol.10 No.1

김종삼 시는 한국 현대시사에서 암시와 생략, 절제와 순수로 익히 정평이 나 있다. 이는 1950년대 한국 전쟁 상황이라는 비극적 인식 속에서 본질적 이념으로서의 기의를 상실한 채 시적 징후로서 현실을 형상화할 수밖에 없는 전후 시인들의 시대적 실어증을 내포하고 있다. 이는 김수영과 김춘수, 김종삼을 포함한 1950년대 문학인 전체에 해당하는 사안이다. 이들은 “외국어(일본어)로 사고하고 구성하고 모국어로 그것을 옮”겨야하는 불구적 창작방식의 세대였다. 유려한 리듬과 토속의 능숙한 구사를 원천적으로 제약당했던 세대가 민족 고유어나 민요를 계승할 수 없는 것은 당연한 일이었다. 박재삼이나 박용래와 같은 일부 시인을 제외하고 대부분 시인들이 모더니즘에 경사된 측면은 어쩌면 필연적이라 할 수 있다. 이 가운데서 김종삼은 비극적이고 황폐한 현실 인식, 가난과 소외와 죽음의식, 실존의 문제에 천착하면서 독자적인 시 형식을 보여준다. 불완전한 구문, 자주 급격히 끊어지는 리듬, 논리적 유추를 거부하는 생략과 비약, 여백들. 이는 ‘낡은 언어를 버리고 새로운 언어’를 찾고자 하는 시인의지이다. 세계 인간에 대한 부조리, 폐허 속에서의 부재의식, 피안-순수의 세계를 지향하고자 하는 초월적 낭만의지와 연관되며 릴케 영향 받은 후 실존주의에 대한 심취, 서양문화, 음악에 대한 경도와 연관된다. 이와같은 심취는 다시 미학적 시적 형식으로 육화된다. 1950년대 한국시 모더니즘은 1960년대에 안정적인 구도를 찾아간다고 할 수 있다. 한국시의 새로운 흐름은 소월, 만해에서 페시미즘과 토속적 초월주의, 미당의 전통설화에서의 민속주의, 청록파의 자연주의를 부정하면서 김수영, 김춘수라는 한국 모더니즘의 새로운 국면으로 접어든다. 김수영의 현실부정의 시학과 역동적 시적 주체의 문제, 김춘수의 언어실험 극단에 발생하는 도발적 이미지 충돌과 언어 본질 기능의 천착. 그 극단의 양 갈래 사이에 김종삼이 위치하는 것은 아닌가 한다. 김수영의 대사회적 삶의 태도, 김춘수의 역사허무주의 속에서 언어본질 탐구, 그 사이에 김종삼의 무정부주의적 삶의 한 단면을 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 1960년대 한국 현대시 모더니티의 정착에서 새로움이 자아 인식, 개인의 발견, 일상적 개인의 추구라 한다면 김종삼 시는 지금까지 한국시에서 일찍이 볼 수 없었던 묘사적 ‘이미지를 통한 상징성’, 개성적 언어형식을 통한 ‘여백과 생략의 심미성’을 보여준다. Jongsam Kim's poetry is well-known for its suggestion, omission, temperance and genuineness in Korean modern poetry history. This has postwar poets' epochal aphasia of representing reality as poetic indication deprived of significance as the essential ideology, within the tragic recognition called Korean war in the 1950s. Such is a case relevant to the entire literary men in the 1950s, including Suyeong Kim, Chunsu Kim and Jongsam Kim. They were the generation of crippled creative method that conceived, composed in foreign language (Japanese) and then put into native language. It was a natural outcome for the generation, which was fundamentally constrained from having skillful command of elegant rhythm and folkways, to unable to inherit ethnic native tongue or folk song. Except for some poets like Jaesam Park or Yongrae Park, it was some what of perforce for most poets to show sides slanted towards Modernism. Jongsam Kim among them shows original poetry form by inquiring into recognition of tragic ruined reality, awareness of poverty, alienation and death, as well as the existent issues. Defective construction, frequent sudden breaks of rhythm, omission and leap refusing rational analogy, and blanks. These are the will of the poet to 'discard old language and search for new language'. After being influenced by Rilke in relation to transcendental romantic volition of heading towards absurdity for cosmopolitans, absent consciousness in the ruins and the world of Nirvana-purity, it was related to the fascination with existentialism, western culture and the degree of music. Such fascination is incarnated again into aesthetic poetry form. It can be said that Modernism of Korean poetry in the 1950s found its stable composition by the 1960s. From Sowol and Manhae, the new flow of Korean poetry approached the new aspect of Korean Modernism with Suyeong Kim and Chunsu Kim, by denying feminism; ethnic transcendentalism; ethnicism within traditional tale of Midang; and naturalism of the Cheongrokpa. Suyeong Kim's poetry of denying reality and theme of dynamic poetic subject, Chunsu Kim's collision of provocative imagery generated from the extreme language experiment and inquiry into the essential function of language. One thinks Jongsam Kim stands in the middle of the two extremes. It is necessary to think about one slice of Jongsam Kim's anarchistic life among Suyeong Kim's anti-social attitude to life and Chunsu Kim's investigation of linguistic essence seen in Historical Nihilism. When the recency was pursuing self-perception, discovery of individuals and ordinary individual in the modernity of Korean modern poetry in the 1960s, Jongsam Kim's poetry shows depictive 'symbolism through imagery' which was never seen in Korean poetry before as well as 'aesthetic appreciation for blank and omission' through his unique linguistic form.

김수영 시에 나타난 분열된 남성의식

김용희(Kim Yong-hee) 한국시학회 2001 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.4

In previous studies, Kim Soo-young had been considered as a precursor of modernist, who adopted the core spirit of modernism. Sometimes he was believed hard to be understood This study will focus an male consciousness revealed in his poems, Although his poems show conflict between self and world, they reveal his self-consciousness as a man, who lived a difficult time. In his poems Kim reveals his male consciousness as a intellectual, who confronted modernity. A stereotype of modern "macho man" is very close to the image of a man who possesses a sense of responsibility and determination, independence and achievement, power and humanity. It is very different from the traditional image of a man which was valued in the pre-industrial society, in which a man was thought to be scholastic. An ideal man in the traditional society should re idealistic and nominalistic, but was actually powerless and interdependent in the real world He evaluated human relations very high and was very social. In this view Kim felt the conflict between the image of "traditional man" and "modern man" and found discontinuity between the two images. Facing modernity, Kim was exposed to the reality of backwardness of Korea, which had been refused to maintain the traditional way of life or normal historical development. Continuity of history and tradition was identified with male consciousness in Kim At this point. Kim experienced historical discontinuity and disorganization of identification. A father was not supposed to be confronted face to face, a wife was a front-runner of new civilization and a quick adopter of the real world. In this respect, "Pul(Grass)," which had been usually interpreted from a viewpoint of people (minjung), needs a new interpretation In "Pul" Kim could not avoid the dichotomy of comparison, describing as 'faster than the wind,' 'ahead of the wind,' or 'later than the wind' Kim revealed that he was not free from the competitive world by using adverbs and verbs which mean comparison to describe the wind It shows he was in conflict with reality. From the viewpoint that the 'laughing' of a man on the grass was not 'laughing' of anybody but 'faster one,' Kim's poetry was interlocked with the lives of modern men. It reveals disorganization and conflict of modern men and 'the process of manly overcome' because 'laughing' on the grass is a laugh of revolutionary achievement and also a laugh busted at the end of manly 'self-confrontation' 'The victory of grass' is clearly different from the value of new creation which attempts universal reconciliation through cycling, prosperity, and expansion.

김용희 질병칼럼

김용희,Kim, Yong-Hui 대한양돈협회 1987 養豚 Vol.9 No.2

BlM실행을 위한 표준계약체계 보완에 관한 연구

김용희,최종천,김길채,Kim, Yong-Hee,Choi, Jong-Chon,Kim, Khil-Chae 한국디지털건축·인테리어학회 2009 한국디지털건축인테리어학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the great possibility of transforming the AEC industry. BIM will require increased information exchange and mutual collaboration between all stakeholders. BIM implementation and such increased collaboration can affect legal issues and contract provisions. And some legal issues accompanying BIM Implementation will be raised while a large change also comes in responsibility and role between all stakeholders. However, current standard agreement system is based on fragmented agreement between the architect and the owner, and between the owner and the contractor. Another legal obstacles and considerations associated with BIM implementation will be arose from BlM technology and use of BIM. AEC professionals in Korea have long utilized the standard agreement forms as well and look forward complementation of current standard agreement for BlM implementation. Such complement direction for the standard agreement will be examined by investigating the legal issues and overview comparison between AlA E202 and ConsensusDOCS 301.

돼지의 주요 호흡기질병과 예방대책

김용희,Kim, Yong-Hui 대한양돈협회 1984 養豚 Vol.6 No.1

전자약 연구개발 동향

김용희,정상돈,이성규,김혜진,변춘원,이정익,송기봉,강성원,Kim, Y.H.,Jung, S.D.,Lee, S.K.,Kim, H.J.,Byun, C.W.,Lee, J.I.,Song, K.B.,Kang, S.W. 한국전자통신연구원 2020 전자통신동향분석 Vol.35 No.3

Precise detection and modulation of electrical signal patterns passing through peripheral nerves connecting organs and brainstems, referred to as electroceuticals or bioelectronic medicines, have emerged as a new type of treatments for neural disorders and chronic diseases. With the rapid advancements in neural interface technologies, electroceuticals are the focus of treatments for these disorders or diseases. In this paper, we introduced electroceuticals as an extension of neuromodulation for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and bladder dysfunction, without side effects that are unavoidably elicited when conventional drugs are taken. Further, this paper reviewed the anatomy of the peripheral nervous system, treatment examples for chronic diseases, technological demands for peripheral nerve interfacing, global R&D programs and market trends for electroceuticals, and prospects on electroceuticals.

Direct Method에 의한 鐵筋콘크리트 二方向슬라브의 最適設計에 관한 硏究

김용희,류홍열,박문호,Kim, Yong-Hee,Lyu, Hong-Leal,Park, Moon-Ho 한국농공학회 1984 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.26 No.2

We have, at present, found some studies on the optimum design of reinforced concrete about the simple slab but very few about the multi-story and multi-span slab. The aim of this study is to make a optimum design of coalesced beam and column slab constructure. Some results of the evaluation by using the optimalized algorithm that was developed in this study are as follows. 1. Slab was mainly restricted by the constraint of effective depth, bending moment, and minimum steel ratio; especially the effective depth was the preceding crifical constraint. In the optimum design of slab, therefore, the constraint about the minimum thickness should be surely considered. 2. This optimum design is good economy as much as some 3.4&~6.2% compared with the conventional design method. 3. In most case, it was converged by 3 to 6 iteratin regardless of the highest or lowest value and only in case of N=1 and case 1, there is a little oscillation after the 3rd iteration but it makes no difference in taking either the highest or lowest value because the range of oscillation is low as much as about 1.2% of the total construction cost. 4. In this study the result seeking for constraints that make no difference in the least cost design shows that shear stress and maximum steel ration may not be considered in it. 5. Bending moment was converged by one time iteration regardless of the initial value, while steel ratio, in most case, by two times because both bending moment and steel ratio are the fuction of effective depth.

장려상-초고층건물

김용희,양효범,허영석,Kim, Yong-Hui,Yang, Hyo-Beom,Heo, Yeong-Seok 한국건축구조기술사회 2007 건축구조 Vol.14 No.3

폴디드 구조와 단락 구조를 이용한 5 GHz 무선 랜용 광대역 패치 안테나 설계 및 구현

김용희,한준희,이원규,양운근,Kim Yong-Hee,Han Jun-Hee,Lee Won-Kew,Yang Woon-Geun 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.8

In this paper, we present a wideband patch antenna with folded and shorted structure for 5 GHz WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network). The proposed antenna used folded and shorted structure in the rectangular patch for miniaturization and wide frequency bandwidth. The antenna was designed by using 3D simulation program, HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) software of the Ansoft company and the implemented antenna was measured by using HP 8720c network analyzer and far field measurement chamber. Simulation result on the return loss shows fairly good characteristic of at least 13.41dB in whole frequency range of interests, and the 10dB bandwidth is 1,523MHz which shows wide bandwidth characteristic. And the simulated maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 6.57 dBi at 5.825GHz. Measured result for the 10dB bandwidth of the implemented folded and shorted structure antenna is 1,377 MHz. Measured maximum gain of the implemented antenna is 6.87dBi at 5.775GHz. Measured results for the implemented antenna showed applicable performances for the 5 GHz WLAN. 본 논문에서는 폴디드 구조와 단락 구조를 이용한 5GHz WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)용 광대역 패치 안테나를 제안한다 제안된 안테나는 소형화와 광대역화를 위해 사각 패치에 폴디드 구조와 단락 구조를 사용하였다. 3차원 전산 모의 실험 프로그램인 Ansoft사의 HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator)를 사용하여 안테나를 설계하였으며, 구현된 안테나는 HP 8720C 네트?p 분석 기 와 far field measurement chamber를 사용하여 측정하였다. 전산 모의 실험 결과 반사 손실은 전체 사용 주파수 대역에서 13.41dB 이상으로 비교적 양호한 특성을 나타내었으며, 10dB 대역폭은 1,523MHz로 광대역 특성을 나타내었다. 또한, 제안된 안테나의 최대 이득은 5.825 GHz에서 6.57dBi의 특성을 보였다. 구현된 폴디드-단락 구조 안테나의 반사 손실 측정 결과 10dB 대역폭은 1,377 MHz의 특성을 보였다. 구현된 안테나의 이득 측정 결과 5.775 GHz에서 6.87 dBi의 최대 이득을 나타내었다. 구현된 안테나는 5GHz WLAN에 적용 가능한 성능을 나타내었다.

돼지 로타바이러스 감염증과 예방대책

김용희,Kim, Yong-Hui 대한양돈협회 1986 養豚 Vol.8 No.10