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國內入養의 障碍要因에 관한 硏究 : 入養機關, 入養父母 및 一般人의 意見을 中心으로
金鮮心 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1978 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.32 No.-
Until recently, the majority of homeless children have been placed either in child welfare institutions or with foreign adoptive families. The Korean government, however, strongly encourages incountry adoption these days, emphasizing that Korean should be responsible for those children who do not have a family and need protection. Adoption in our society has been based on the desire to have a son for ancestor worship. This parent-oriented adoption practice is changing into child-oriented adoption practice which can be arranged by adoption agencies rather than by individuals. There are many factors which impeded domestic adoption through adoption agencies: 1) The number of adoptive parents may be limited by traditional cultural and social attitudes of the public or by the inadequacies of the adoption agencies. 2) Many natural parents may change their minds even after they have relinquished their parental rights to their children. 3) Insufficient legislation and standards of adoption may be impeding factors. 4) A preference for overseas to domestic adoption may decrease the number of children placed with domestic families. The motivation of the adoptive parents may have an important effect upon the success or failure of adoption. Adoption may be influenced by the sex of the adoptive children. Public bias toward adoptive children may be an impeding factor in incountry adoption. Foundlings, whose background information is unknown, may have less chance to be adopted. Children who have already been listed on family registers may have some problems in being adopted. Disgrace of unmarried mothers by society or by the adoptive agency may limit the number of children available for adoption. Physically handicapped or older children may have less chance to be adopted. The background study was done through relevant books and interviews with administrators and practitioners of adoption agencies. The main research was done through questionnaires directed toward three objectives: 1) A Study of the present situation of incountry adoption work through adoption agencies, 2) the opinions and attitudes of prospective adoptive parents, and 3) the interest and attitudes of the public. The summary of the results of the study is as follows: (1) The traditional cultural and social attitude of the public toward adoption has been gradually changing. (2) Most agencies, except some private agencies, are not capable of providing professional adoptive services. These should be increased efforts to provide more effective services by each agency, and the government should prepare detailed basic guidelines and regulations that must be observed by each agency. (3) There is conflict between legislation and practice in registering adopted children in the family register. (4) Despite a public preference for overseas adoption, domestic adoption activities, which he government encourages, has not been adversely affected. (5) There has been a great change in boy preference in incountry adoption; only 54.4% of the parents wanted to adopt a boy. (6) There is still bias toward adoption in our society; many parents want to keep the fact of adoption confidential, and even try to disguise the fact. (7) Most adoptive parents (more than 60%) put emphasis on the health of the adoptive child. Only about 20%of the parents regarded background as most important. (8) Older and handicapped children have much difficulty finding homes. Some of the problems mentioned above will not be solved in the near future. But it is also true that some of them could be solved or at least lessened in the near future, especially since last year the government paid much attention to domestic adoption. With painstaking efforts by the government and adoptive agencies to be more effective, we can foresee an optimistic future for incountry adoption.
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