정상교합자와 III급 부정교합자의 수완부 골성숙 단계와 치아석회화도에 대한 연구

정병초,양규호,Jeong, Byung-Cho,Yang, Kyu-Ho 대한소아치과학회 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

To investigate the relationship between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stage of the hand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs were taken from subjects of normal occlusions(94 males, 88 females) and Class III malocclusions(75 males, 76 females) who had no systemic diseases and no history of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. Fishman's method for the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and Demirijian's method for the calcification stages of mandibular canines were used and analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. In subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist and calcification of mandibular canines at various ages occured earlier in females than in males(p<0.05). 2. Comparing the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and the calcification stages of mandibular canines between subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, there were no significant differences between the groups. 3. The correlation coefficient between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist. in subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion showed a high association(p<0.01). 4. In stage 4 of the skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist, the frequency distribution of calcification G stage among the various calcification stages was highest both in normal occlusion and in subjects with Class III malocclusion. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of calcification stages between the groups.

정상교합자와 Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 수완부 골성숙 단계와 치아석회화도에 대한 연구

정병초,양규호 전남대학교 치과대학 1995 전남치대논문집 Vol.7 No.1

To investigate the relationship between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stage of the hand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs were taken from subjects of normal occlusions(94 males, 88 females) and Class Ⅲ malocclusions(75 males, 76 females) who had no systemic diseases and no history of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. Fishman's method for the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and Demirijian's method for the calcification stages of mandibular canines were used and analysed. The results were as follows : 1. In subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclustion, skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist and calcification of mandibular canines at various ages occured earlier in females than in males(p<0.05). 2. comparing the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and the clacification stages of mandibular canines between subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion, there were no significant differences between the groups. 3. The correlation coefficient between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion showed a high association(p<0.01). 4. In stage 4 of the skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist, the frequency distribution of calcification G stage among the various calcification stages was highest both in nomal occlusion and in subjects with Class Ⅲ malocclusion. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of calcification stages between the groups.

Level Anchorage System(LAS)을 이용한 발치분석법

양규호,정병초 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

As a completely preadjusted appliance based on treatment mechanics of Tweed and diagnostic analysis of Steiner, Level anchorage system has been evolved over 27 years of his clinical effort and investigation by Root. In Level anchorage system, unique analysis chart is used and Extraction or non-extraction therapy is determined with this chart. In addition to charting specific parameters of malocclusions and the anchorage needed to correct them, a unique quality of level anchorage system is predictability. Use of level anchorage system enabled much higher degrees of accuracy in estimating treatment duration. Because it permits more accurate timing of each step in the erapy and more treatment control by means of periodic self checks. It is suggested that level anchorage system is very useful for the orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and treatment of the patient with maloccluoin.

정상교합자와 Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 수완부 골성숙 단계와 치아석회화도에 대한 연구

정병초,양규호 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

To investigate the relationship between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stage of the hand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs were taken from subjects of normal occlusion(94 males,88 females) and Class Ⅲ malocclusion(75 males,76 females) who had no systemic diseases and no history of orthodontic or prosthodonic treatment. Fishman's method for the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and Demirijian's method for the calcification stages of mandibular canines were used and analyzed. The results were as follows: 1.In subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion,skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist and calcification of mandibular canines at various ages occured earlier in females than males(P<0.05). 2.Comparing the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and calcification stages of mandibular canines between subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion,there were no significant differences between the groups. 3.The correlation coefficient between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stages of thehand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion showed a high association(P<0.01). 4.In stage 4 of the skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist,the frequency distribution of calcification G stage among the various calcification stages highest both in normal occlusion and in subjects with Class Ⅲ malocclusion.However,there was no signicant differences in the frequency distribution of calcification stage between the groups.

약물 투여시 아동의 행동조절 효과

최남기,정병초,양규호,Choi, Nam-Ki,Jeong, Byung-Cho,Yang, Kyu-Ho 대한소아치과학회 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

Chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, 아산화질소($N_2O$), midazolam은 치과치료에 비협조적인 소아환자의 진정시 흔히 사용하는 약물이다. 이러한 진정약물을 두 가지 이상 병용투여 하게 되면 더 적은 용량으로도 진정이 되며 전신적인 부작용도 감소시킬 수 있다. 따라서 병용투여시 나타나는 진정효과를 비교해 본다면 행동조절이 어려운 아이들에게 사용할 수 있는 보다 나은 약물 진정방법을 얻을 수 있으리라 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 전남대학교 병원 소아치과에 내원한 환아중 첫 내원시에 간단한 구강검사에도 행동조절이 어려운 Frankl 1과 2에 해당되는 아동으로서 전신적으로 건강이 양호하고 위장장애가 없는 나이 $18{\sim}92$개월, 체중 $10{\sim}32kg$의 아동 64명(남자 42명, 여자 22명)을 대상으로 약물 병용에 따른 진정효과를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수면효과는 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine의 복합투여군이 midazolam IM과 아산화질소를 병용한 군보다 모든 치료단계에서 매우 좋았으나(p<0.001), 3군과 4군간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 울음, 움직임, 전반적 행동에 있어서 제 1군과 제 2군간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05), 제 3군과 제 4군간에는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 전반적인 행동평가항목에 있어서 평균 score가 제 1군은 2.94, 제 2군은 2.07, 제 3군은 2.47, 제 4군은 2.24였다. The purpose of this study was to assess the sedative effects of four kinds of medication for management in the uncooperative 64 children aged from 18 to 92 months(ASA class I) and weighting between 10 and 32 kg. They were given randomly a dose of chloral hydrate 75mg/kg and hydroxyzine 25mg orally(group 1), midazolam 0.1mg/kg intramuscularly and $N_2O$(group 2), group 1 with additional $N_2O$(group 3) and group 1 with additional midazolam 0.5cc intranasally(group 4), respectively. According to rating scale, sleep, crying, movement and overall behavior were checked for evaluation of the clinical sedative effects. They were restraind with Pediwrap and were monitored by pulse oximeter for safety during treatment period. The results were as follows : 1. In the evaluation of sleep, rating scale of chloral hydrate and hydroyzine combination group was superior to midazolam and $N_2O$ combination group(p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O$ combination group and chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and midazolam combination group. 2. In the evaluation of crying, movement and overall behavior, there were significant differences between chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine combination group and midazolam and $N_2O$ combination group(p<0.05), but no significant difference between chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O$ combination group and chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and midazolam combination group. 3. In the evaluation of overall behavior, the mean score of chloral hydrate and hydroyzine combination group was 2.94, midazolam and $N_2O$ combination group 2.07, chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O$ combination group 2.47 and chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and midazolam combination group 2.24, respectively. 4. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after dental treatment.

HalogenIamp 광조사기와 Plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기에 의한 광중합 복합레진의 중합률 비교

이영준,정병초,최남기,양규호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 일반 halogen lamp 광조사기와 비교하여 plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기의 광중합 능력을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 7mm의 내경과 1mm, 2mm, 3mm 두께를 갖는 레진 시편을 aluminum 주형상에서 제작하여 plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기는 2초, 3초, 6초, halogen lamp 광조사기는 20초, 40초, 60초 동안 광조사한 후 Raman spectroscopy를 이용하여 레진 시편 표면과 후면의 중합률을 측정하였다. 표면 중합률은 광조사 시간이 증가함에 따라 halogen lamp 광조사기와 plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기 모두에서 유의성있게 증가하였으며 전반적인 중합률은 halogen lamp 광조사기에서 더 높았으나 plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기와 유의한 차이는 없었다. 광조사 시간이 증가함에 따라 halogen lamp 광조사기의 경우 후면 중합률은 모든 두께에서 점차 증가하였으나 1.2mm 두께에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 plas-ma xenon arc lamp 광조사기로 중합한 경우에는 모든 두께에서 조사시간이 증가할수록 중합률은 유의성있게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기의 강한 광도가 광조사 시간의 감소를 완전히 보상하지는 못하는 것으로 판단되므로 plasma xenon arc lamp 광조사기로 광중합 복합레진을 중합할 경우 2mm이내의 적층 충전이 요구되며 또한 제조회사가 제시한 조사 시간보다 추가적인 광조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Recently, new light curing unit utilizing the plasma xenon arc lamp is introduced. This curing unit is operated at relatively high intensity, so shortening the curing time significantly. The aim of this experiment was to esti-mate curing capability of plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit compared to traditional halogen lamp curing unit. Degree of conversion was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy after irradiation of specimens with halogen lamp curing unit(Optilux 150, Demetron, USA) for 20s, 40s, 60s and plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit(flipo, Lokki, France) for 2s, 3s, 6s. The results showed that strong light intensity of plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit did not compensate for short exposure time completely. So, Multi-layered curing within 2mm thickness and addi-tional exposure time is recommanded when light-cured composite resin is polymerized with plasma xenon arc lamp curing unit.

자일리톨과 탄수화물의 Streptococcus mutans에 대한 효과

김경희,정병초,오종석,양규호,Kim, Kyoung-Hee,Jeong, Byung-Cho,Oh, Chong-Suk,Yang, Kyu-Ho 대한소아치과학회 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

자일리톨은 탄소 5개가 있는 탄수화물로 치아우식증을 억제할 목적으로 사용되는 자당 대체물이다. 자일리톨 함유 배지에서 Streptococcus mutans의 증식과 Streptococcus mutans의 인공치태 형성에 대한 억제작용을 관찰하고 다른 당과의 병합작용을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 배지의 자일리톨 농도가 증가함에 따라 Streptococcus mutans의 증식이 억제되었다. 포도당, 과당, 유당을 각각 첨가한 배지에서 Streptococcus mutans의 증식이 처음부터 이루어진데 반해, 자일리톨을 병합하면 과당의 경우만 처음부터 증식이 되었다. 자일리톨과 과당을 병합하여 첨가한 액체배지에서 형성된 인공치태 무게는 현저히 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 배지의 자일리톨 농도가 증가함에 따라 Streptococcus mutans의 증식이 억제되었으며, 자일리톨과 과당을 병합하여 첨가하면 Streptococcus mutans에 의한 인공치태 형성이 억제됨을 시사하였다. Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replaced with sucrose for preventing caries. The replication of Streptococcus mutans and its formation of artificial plaque were studied in the media containing xylitol. The combined effect of xylitol and other carbohydrates on Streptococcus mutans was also studied. The replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol. Streptococcus mutans replicated at the initial stage of incubation in the media containing glucose, fructose or lactose, while replicating from the beginning of incubation in the media containing fructose as combining with xylitol. The formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced in the media containing with xylitol and fructose. These results indicated that the replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol, and the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited in the media containing xylitol and fructose.

자일리톨과 탄수화물의 Streptococcus mutans에 대한 효과

김경희,정병초,양규호,오종석 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.1

Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replacedwith sucrose for preventing caries. The replication of Streptococcus mutans and its formation of artificial plaque were studied in the media containing xylitol. The combined effect of xylitol and other carbohydrates on Streptococcus mutans wasalso studied. The replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol.Streptococcus mutans replicated at the initial stage ofincubation in the media containing glucose. fructose of loctose, while replicating from the beginning of incubation in the media containing fructose as combining with xylitol. The formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced in the media containing with xylitol and fructose. These results indicated that the replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol, and the formation fo artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited in the media containing xylitol and fructose.

유동성 복합레진의 물리적 성질에 대한 연구

김지영,정병초,양규호,Kim, Ji-Young,Jeong, Byung-Cho,Yang, Kyu-Ho 대한소아치과학회 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

최근 유동성 복합레진은 조작시 빠르고 간편하며 우수한 접근성으로 임상에서의 사용이 증가하고 있으나 각 제품간 그리고 혼합형 복합레진과의 물리적 성질이나 특성에 관한 비교 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 임상적으로 자주 쓰이는 4종의 유동성 복합레진(Filtek Flow, Tetric Flow, Revolution, Palfique Esthelite LV high flow)의 압축 강도, 상대적 유동성, 방사선 불투과성을 측정하여 그 특성을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 압축강도에 있어서 4종의 유동성 복합레진 각 제품간의 유의한 차이는 없었으나 유동성 복합레진이 혼합형 복합레진(Z-100, 3M, USA)에 비하여 유의성 있게 낮은 압축강도를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 2. 각 제품간의 상대적 유동성은 Palfique Esthelite LV high flow, Revolution, Filtek Flow와 Tetric Flow 순으로 높았고(p<0.001), Filtek Flow와 Tetric Flow간에 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 모든 제품은 TeethmateF-1(Kuraray, Japan)에 비하여 유의성 있게 낮았다(p<0.001). 3. 유동성 복합레진 4종의 방사선 불투과성을 비교 분석한 결과 측정된 모든 유동성 복합레진은 상아질과 유사하거나 높은 방사선 불투과성을 나타내었고 각 제품간 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 그 중 Tetric Flow와 Filtek Flow는 법랑질과 유사하거나 높은 방사선 불투과성을 나타내었다(p<0.001). 이상의 실험 결과는 4종의 유동성 복합레진은 혼합형 복합레진 보다 낮은 압축강도를 가지므로 임상에 적용 시 가해질 수 있는 응력을 고려하여야 하며, 각 제품간 유동정의 유의한 차이는 시술 시 재료의 선택에 고려사항이 될 수 있으리라 사료된다. 또한 4종의 유동성 복합레진의 방사선 불투과성은 모두 국제 인증 규격에 합당한 것으로 사료된다. Recently, the clinical uses of flowable composite resins have increased because of fast, convenient and excellent accessibility, but little has been reported about physical properties of flowable resins. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the physical properties(compressive strength, relative flowability, relative radiopacity) of 4 contemporary flowable composite resins(Filtek flow, Tetric Flow, Revolution Palfique Estelite LV high flow). The results were as follows; 1. There were no significant differences between 4 flowable composite resins in compressive strength, but all were lower than that of traditional hybrid composite resin(p<0.001). 2. The relative flowability were increased in order of Palfique Estelite LV high flow, Revolution, Filtek flow, Tetric Flow and sealant(p<0.001), but there were no significant differences between Filtek flow and Tetric Flow. 3. There were significant differences between flowable composite resins in relative radiopacity and they showed similar or higher radiopacity than dentin(p<0.001), especially Tetric Flow and Filtek Flow showed higher radiopacity than enamel(p<0.001). This results suggested that the stress of application area have to be considered since flowable composite resins have lower compressive strength than hybrid composite, and the differences of flowability between these flowable composite resins can be considered when they are selected. All tested flowable composite resins showed optimal radiopacity to ISO's recommend.

정상교합아동의 Downs 분석법에 의한 두부방사선 계측학적 연구

최남기,정병초,양규호,Choi, Nam-Ki,Jeong, Byung-Cho,Yang, Kyu-Ho 대한소아치과학회 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

대부분의 악악면 부조화는 혼합치열기에 시작되는데 혼합치열기는 영구치열에서 이상적인 교합을 형성하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하며 이 시기에 교합유도를 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 두부방사선 계측학적 표준치가 중요하다. 따라서 소아치과영역에서 큰 비중을 차지하는 부정교합치료에 참고자료로 사용하기 위하여 Downs 분석법에 의한 표준치가 과거와 비교해서 변화가 있는지를 알아보고 인종간의 차이를 알아보고자 정상교합에 해당하는 혼합치열기 아동을 대상으로 두부방사선 계측학적 표준치를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Downs 분석법에 의해 한국인 성장기 아동의 연령군별 남녀별 두부방사선 규격사진 계측치의 기준치를 설정하였다. 2. 각 군에서 계측항목별로 남녀간의 유의한 차이는 없었으나 교합평면각, 상하악중절치각, 하악중절치와 교합평면이 이루는 각, 상악 중절치와 A-Pog간의 거리에서는 연령에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. 안면각, AB plane angle, Y-axis, 하악중절치와 교합평면이 이루는 각, 하악중절치와 하악평면이 이루는 각, 상악중절치와 A-Pog간의 거리는 연령이 증가함에 따라 커졌으며, angle of convexity, 하악평면각, 교합평면각, 상하악중절치각등은 연령이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 4. 인종간 비교시 본 연구 결과가 백인과 그리스인보다 상하악절치각만 작았을 뿐 모든 계측치에서 전반적으로 크게 나타났으며, 일본, 이스라엘 흑인, 중국인과는 모든 항목에서 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards in Downs analysis and to compare them with other races. The lateral cephalograms of 88 Korean children (47 boys, 41 girls) with normal occlusion and acceptable profile between 7 and 11 years of age were taken and Downs analysis was done. Results were as follows: 1. Norms of Korean boys, girls and both sexes at 7, 9, 11 years of age by Downs analysis were established. 2. There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls about ten measurements in each group, but significant differences in the occlusal plane angle, lower 1 to occlusal plane angle, interincisal angle, upper 1 to APog plane among 3 groups(p<0.05)(p<0.01). 3. Facial angle, AB plane angle, Y-axis, lower 1 to occlusal plane angle and lower 1 to mandibular plane angle showed increasing tendency whereas angle of convexity, mandibular plane angle, occlusal plane angle and interincisal angle did decreasing tendency according to aging. 4. In comparison among races, measurements in Korean children were generally larger than those of Caucasian and Greek except for small interincisal angle, but Korean were similar to Japanese, Chinese, Israeli, Negro about all measurements.