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김제시 간척지역 천부 지하수내 철 환원작용 특성에 대한 고찰
김지훈,정태진,류종식,김락현,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Cheong, Tae-Jin,Ryu, Jong-Sik,Kim, Rak-Hyeon 대한자원환경지질학회 2013 자원환경지질 Vol.46 No.1
간척지를 포함하고 있는 연구지역에서 육지에서 해안지역으로 근접할수록 측정된 지하수의 산화환원 전위 (Eh)와 용존 산소량 (DO)은 낮게 관찰되었다 (Eh: 0.57 V ${\rightarrow}$ 0.13 V, DO; 9.7 mg/l ${\rightarrow}$ 1.3 mg/l). 이는 연구지역 지하수의 산화환경이 육지에서 해안가로 근접할수록 호기성 환경에서 아혐기성/혐기성 환경으로 변화한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 지하수 수질 분석 결과에 의하면 철이온 (Fe)이 지하수에 많이 포함되어 있으며 (> 20 mg/l), 대부분의 2가 철로 존재한다. 이러한 연구지역 해안가 지하수들의 특징들은 지하수들이 철의 환원작용 (Fe reduction)이 일어날 수 있는 혐기성 환경에 위치하고 있음을 지시해준다. 철 환원작용이 일어나기 위해서는 3가 철의 공급원이 필요한데, 관측정 퇴적물의 철이온 추출실험에 의하면 연구지역의 퇴적물은 철 환원작용에 필요한 3가 철이온에 대한 충분한 공급원 역할을 할 수 있다. 따라서 분석한 지하수 및 퇴적물의 결과들을 종합해석하면, 연구지역에서 일어나는 철 환원작용은 갯벌의 간척활동과 많은 관련을 가지고 있는 것으로 추정된다. The study area is located on the western coastal region of Korea, partly had been reclaimed lands. Groundwaters of the coastal area show lower Eh and DO values (Eh: 0.57 V ${\rightarrow}$ 0.13 V, DO; 9.7 mg/l ${\rightarrow}$ 1.3 mg/l), and higher Fe concentrations (> 20 mg/l) than those of the inner land (< 0.3 mg/l), indicating that the redox condition of groundwater changes from oxic into suboxic/anoxic conditions as it flows from the inland toward the coastal area. In addition, Fe speciation of groundwater from the coastal area demonstrates that the most dissolved Fe exist as $Fe^{2+}$, reflecting that groundwater is under the anoxic condition to sufficiently occur Fe reduction. According to the result of Fe extraction with the sediment samples from three wells (A, B, C), the sediments provide enough $Fe^{3+}$ to occur the Fe reduction in the groundwater. Integrated all results of the groundwater and sediment, we infer that the Fe reduction to occur in groundwater is associated with the reclamation processes of the study area.
우리나라 지하수수질측정망 현황 평가 및 개선을 위한 고찰
박정구,김락현,이진용,최동혁,김태동,Park, Joung-Ku,Kim, Rak-Hyeon,Lee, Jin-Yong,Choi, Dong-Hyuk,Kim, Tae-Dong 한국지하수토양환경학회 2007 지하수토양환경 Vol.12 No.6
우리나라 지하수수질측정망은 2007년 현재 환경부가 관리하고 있는 오염우려지역 781개 지점 및 일반지역 1,240개 지점과 건설교통부에서 관리하고 있는 국가지하수관측망 478지점을 합쳐 총 2,499지점으로 구성되어 운영되고 있다. 1999년 이후 측정망 운영에 따른 지하수의 수질분석 결과를 매년 발표하고 있지만, 지하수수질측정망 지점에 대한 관정의 현황 정보는 제공하지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지하수수질측정망의 운영현황, 지점선정 및 관정 정보등 현황을 평가하여 특성을 파악하고자 하였으며, 이를 통하여 향후 지하수수질측정망의 개선방안을 고찰하고자 하였다. As of 2007, there are 2,499 groundwater quality monitoring stations in total in Korea. Among them,478 are operated by the MOCT (Ministry of Construction and Transportation) for the National Groundwater Network Program, 781 wells by the ME (Ministry of Environment) for monitoring of the area where imminent contamination is expected, and 1240 wells by the local governments for monitoring of other areas. Even though, water quality data obtained from those wells are being provided to the public since 1999, the information for the wells has not been appropriately informed. In this study, we assessed the wells that are being used for the national groundwater quality monitoring from the points of operation, location, and well configuration to provide suggestions for the improvement of the national groundwater quality monitoring.
다성분 반응 이동 모델링을 이용한 트리클로로에틸렌(TCE)으로 오염된 지하수에서의 자연저감 평가
진성욱,전성천,김락현,황현태,Jeen, Sung-Wook,Jun, Seong-Chun,Kim, Rak-Hyeon,Hwang, Hyoun-Tae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2016 지하수토양환경 Vol.21 No.6
To properly manage and remediate groundwater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (TCE), it is necessary to assess natural attenuation processes of contaminants in the aquifer along with investigation of contamination history and aquifer characterization. This study evaluated natural attenuation processes of TCE at an industrial site in Korea by delineating hydrogeochemical characteristics along the flow path of contaminated groundwater, by calculating reaction rate constants for TCE and its degradation products, and by using geochemical and reactive transport modeling. The monitoring data showed that TCE tended to be transformed to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE) and further to vinyl chloride (VC) via microbial reductive dechlorination, although the degree was not too significant. According to our modeling results, the temporal and spatial distribution of the TCE plume suggested the dominant role of biodegradation in attenuation processes. This study can provide a useful method for assessing natural attenuation processes in the aquifer contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons and can be applied to other sites with similar hydrological, microbiological, and geochemical settings.
동위원소분석을 이용한 질산염의 오염원 추적에 대한 고찰
진성욱,이환,김락현,정훈영,Jeen, Sung-Wook,Lee, Hwan,Kim, Rak-Hyeon,Jeong, Hoon Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2017 지하수토양환경 Vol.22 No.1
Nitrate ($NO_3^-$), a common surface water and groundwater pollutant, poses a serious environmental problem in regions with intensive agricultural activities and dense population. It is thus important to identify the source of nitrate contamination to better manage water quality. Due to the distinct isotope compositions of nitrate among different origins, the dual isotope analysis (${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$) of nitrate has been widely applied to track contamination sources. This paper provided the underlying backgrounds in the isotope analysis of nitrate, which included typical ranges of ${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ from various nitrate sources, isotope fractionation, the analytical methods used to concentrate nitrate from samples, and the potential limitations of the dual isotope analysis along with the resolutions. To enhance the applicability of the dual isotope analysis as well as increase the ability to interpret field data, this paper also introduced several case studies. Furthermore, other environmental tracers including ${\delta}^{11}B$ and $Cl^-/Br^-$ ratios were discussed to accompany the dual isotope analysis for better assignment of contamination sources even when microbial transformation of nitrate and/or mixing between contaminant plumes occur.
안정동위원소 조성을 이용한 TCE 오염원 규명방법 소개
박영윤,이진용,나원종,김락현,최필성,전성천,Park, Youngyun,Lee, Jin-Yong,Na, Won Jong,Kim, Rak-Hyeon,Choi, Pil Sung,Jun, Seong-Chun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.3
This study was performed to summarize application of ${\delta}^{13}C$, ${\delta}^{37}Cl$ and ${\delta}D$ of trichloroethylene (TCE) to studies on environmental forensic field regarding identification of TCE sources and evaluation of contribution of TCE to groundwater using data collected from literatures. ${\delta}^{13}C$, ${\delta}^{37}Cl$ and ${\delta}D$ of TCE give some information regarding sources of TCE because they show specific value according to manufacturing method. Also, TCE do not show a significant isotopic fractionation owing to adsorption and dilution. The isotopic fractionation mainly occurs by biodegradation. In addition, isotopic fractionation factor for TCE is different according to a kind of microorganism participated in biodegradation. However, the isotopic data of TCE have to be applied with chemical compositions of TCE and other hydrogeologic factors because isotopic fractionation of TCE is influenced by various factors.
기술보고 : 지하수 관측정의 시설개선에 따른 수질변화와 유지관리에 대한 연구
김정우 ( Jeong Woo Kim ),서용교 ( Yong Kyo Seo ),김락현 ( Rak Hyeon Kim ),천정용 ( Jeong Yong Cheon ) 대한지질공학회 2014 지질공학 Vol.24 No.2
중장기적으로 운영하는 지하수 관측정은 설치도 중요하지만 그 성능 유지를 위한 관측정 시설 관리 또한 중요하다. 따라서 본 조사는 관측정 내부에 이물질이 많이 형성되고 오래된 관측정 시설을 대상으로 실시하였다. 조사대상 관측정들은 장비(펌프) 세척, 시료채취 튜브 교체, 관측정 청소로 구분하여 시설을 개선하였다. 주 양/음이온과 중금속 농도의 변화를 검토한 결과, 마그네슘, 망간, 아연 항목이 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 이것은 관측정 내부에 흡착요인으로 작용하던 이물질(탄산칼슘이나 점토물질)이 시설개선 과정을 통해 제거되었기 때문이다. 따라서, 중장기적으로 운영이 계획된 관측정은 1년마다 시설 및 내부 점검을 실시하고 이상현상 발생시 조치를 취하되, 최소 약 4 ~ 5년마다 수행하는 것이 추천된다. Groundwater monitoring wells are important to maintain their performance for long term monitoring. The monitoring wells with extensive internal incrustation by clay adsorption were selected for this study. The performance of these monitoring wells was improved by pump washing, tube replacements for dedicated samplers, and well surging. After each improvement, the Mg, Mn, and Zn concentrations were increased. The results show that under these conditions, the monitoring wells must be carefully inspected at least once a year. Even in the case of noabnormal phenomenon like as internal incrustation, the monitoring wells need to be serviced at least once every four to five years to guarantee that they are effectively monitoring groundwater quality.