Hydrochemistry and isotope geochemistry of Song Stream, a headwater tributary of the South Han River, South Korea

류종식,Kwang-Sik Lee,Ho-Wan Chang 한국지질과학협의회 2007 Geosciences Journal Vol.11 No.2

To investigate the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of a headwater tributary of the South Han River, we analyzed major elements, stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur, and strontium (Sr) isotopes of stream and groundwater samples collected from the Song Stream watershed in summer 2003. The stream water samples of the study area were divided into three water types, among which dissolved ion concentrations differed considerably. Our results strongly indicate that the chemical composition of Song Stream is controlled by silicate and carbonate weathering, as well as anthropogenic contamination, and variations in major dissolved ions and Sr isotopic ratios are mainly correlated to lithological variations in the watershed. The dissolved loads of the main channel of Song Stream are largely controlled by carbonate dissolution. Thus, the water chemistry of the main channel is probably dominated by the chemical weathering of carbonates, even where carbonates comprise only a minor proportion of the bedrock geology. The Sr isotopes and Mg/Ca molar ratios indicate that a dolomite end-member may exist in the study area, which would be compatible with the cationic characteristics of Song Stream. All groundwater samples from the study area, except for one, had significantly high nitrate concentrations (0.75–2.42 mmol/L) that exceeded the drinking-water standard and possibly resulted from both sewage and agricultural inputs.

초등학생의 신체활동량 특성 분석

류종식,강호율 한국초등체육학회 2019 한국초등체육학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The Purpose of this stud was to determine the physical activity characteristics of elementary school students using a pedometer. For this purpose, 102 third grade (50 boys, 52 girls) and 157 sixth grade (89 boys, 68 girls) students voluntarily participated in this investigation. PE-105 (Sinwoo Electronics, Korea) pedometers were used to record daily step counts. Students wore pedometers for seven days, including weekends, except while sleeping and taking shower or bath. The methods of Tudor-Locke & Myers(2001) were accepted for the determination of daily physical activity in this study.. The result of this study are as follows; 1) There was a significant difference between the grades (F=6.948, p<.01), and gender (F=31.104, p<.001.) There was also a significant difference in the interaction between gender and grade (F=4.19, p<.05). Post-testing showed that boys in sixth grade were significantly higher than boys in third grade, and boys in third grade were significantly different from girls in sixth grade. However, there was no significant difference between sixth and third grade. 2) There was a significant difference in the physical activity during the week and weekends in both the third (F=13.662, p<.001) and sixth grades (F=65.963, p<.001). 3) There was a significant difference between the grade (F=16.685, p<.001) and gender (F=36.109, p<.001) for the weekly physical activity, but only in the case of the weekend physical activity there was a significant difference between the sexes (F=8.312, p<.01). In conclusion the average daily physical activity rate of elementary school students was about 11,000 steps/day. Boys have more physical activity than girls, and the upper grades have more physical activity than the lower grades. Also, there was less physical activity on weekend than on weekday. Thus, we should develop physical activity programs for girls and weekend physical activity programs to ensure sufficient physical activity for their health. 본 연구는 보수계를 이용하여 초등학생의 신체활동량 측정 후 분석하여 그 특성을 알아보고자 함에 있다. 이를 위해 G시에 위치한 초등학교 3학년 102명(남자 50명, 여자 52명)과 6학년 157명(남자 89명, 여자 68명)이 자발적으로 본 연구에 참여하였다. 연구대상자들은 잠을 자거나 씻는 시간을 제외하고 항상 보수계를 착용하였으며, Tudor-Locke & Myers(2001)가 제안한대로 주말 이틀을 포함한 일주일 동안 연구대상자들의 신체활동량을 측정하였다. 측정된 결과는 이원배치분산분석(two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 상호작용이 나타났을 경우 사후검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생의 신체활동량을 분석한 결과 일일 평균 신체활동량은 약 11,000steps/day 수준으로 나타났다. 둘째, 초등학생의 남녀 간 신체활동량 차이를 분석한 결과 남학생의 신체활동량이 여학생의 신체활동량 보다 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학생의 학년 간 신체활동량의 차이를 분석한 결과 6학년의 신체활동량이 3학년의 신체활동량 보다 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 초등학생의 주중과 주말 신체활동량을 분석한 결과 주중 신체활동량이 주말 신체활동량 보다 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 남학생보다 여학생이, 고학년보다 저학년의 신체활동량이 낮게 나타났으며, 주중에 비해 주말의 신체활동량이 부족하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 초등학생의 건강과 체력 증진을 위한 충분한 수준의 신체활동량을 확보하기 위해 여학생을 위한 신체활동프로그램과 주말 신체활동프로그램을 개발해야 한다고 사료된다.

카프레이즈(Calf raise) 처치가 하지 순발력에 미치는 영향

류종식,정기윤,김종근 국제문화기술진흥원 2024 문화기술의 융합 Vol.10 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 기초체력요인 중 일회적인 카프라이즈 동작이 하지의 순발력에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것입니다. 본 연구의 대상은 D광역시 소재 Y대학교 체육학과 16명이며, 모든 대상자들은 측정항목과 방범에 대한 내용을 숙지하였으며, 설문에 응답하고 동의한 학생들을 대상으로 실험을 진행하였습니다. 요약하면, 단 한 번의 카프레이즈만이 하지의 순발력 강화에 효과가 있는 것으로 보이며, 특히 종아리 근육의 둘레가 두꺼울수록 하지의 순발력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단됩니다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과가 모든 연령대에 효과가 있다고 볼 수는 없지만, 단 한 번의 운동만으로 기록을 향상시키는 효과를 보여주고 있어 체력 평가의 기초 자료로 활용하기에 좋을 것으로 사료됩니다. 향후 연구에서는 연령별 대상자를 모집하여 연령 차이를 통해 운동의 필요성을 높일 수 있는 연구를 진행하면 좋을것으로 판단됩니다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of one-off capraise movement on the quickness of the lower extremities among the basic physical strength factors. The subjects of this study were 16 students majoring in physical education at Y University in D Metropolitan City, and all subjects were familiar with the contents of the measurement items and crime prevention, and the experiment was conducted with the students who answered the questionnaire and agreed. In summary, it seems that only a single calfraise is effective in strengthening the quickness of the lower extremities, and in particular, it is judged that the thicker the circumference of the calf muscle, the more it affects the quickness of the lower extremities. In addition, although the results of this study may not be considered to be effective for all ages, it is considered that it is good to use it as basic data for physical fitness evaluation as it shows the effect of improving records only with a single exercise. In future studies, it would be nice to recruit subjects by age and conduct studies that can raise the need for exercise through age differences.

지표환경에서 리튬 동위원소 분별

류종식,Vigier Nathalie 대한지질학회 2024 지질학회지 Vol.60 No.4

Chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate rocks at the Earth's surface, through the consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide, plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle over timescales spanning from centuries to millions of years. Lithium isotopes have emerged as a powerful proxy for quantitatively assessing the interplay between climate and silicate weathering within the Earth system. This study investigates the fundamental mechanisms causing lithium isotope fractionation in terrestrial systems, including primary mineral dissolution, secondary mineral formation, mineral surface sorption, and carbonate precipitation. A comprehensive review of the literature is conducted to analyze the degree and direction of isotopic fractionation associated with each process. A profound understanding of lithium isotope fractionation in the surface environments allows us to expand the applications of lithium isotopes in diverse fields such as paleoclimate reconstruction, climate change studies, and mineralogical research.

지표환경에서의 마그네슘 동위원소 분별

류종식 대한지질학회 2019 지질학회지 Vol.55 No.6

With the advent of analytical technique and mass spectrometry, non-traditional stable isotopes have been widely used in earth and environmental sciences. However, little studies have been conducted in South Korea. Magnesium (Mg) isotopes can be used as a tracer for understanding global climate change, seawater chemistry and nutrient cycling in soil. To this end, Mg isotope fractionation during geological Mg cycling should be quantified. This review introduces major factors (primary mineral dissolution, secondary mineral formation, adsorption, plant uptake and carbonate mineral precipitation) causing Mg isotope fractionation during surficial processes. This review also introduces the principle of Mg isotopes and analytical methods. Finally, recent studies are reviewed in order to see how and to what extent Mg isotope fractionation would occur according to each factor. 최근 분석법 및 질량분석기의 발달로 인해 비전통 안정동위원소의 지구과학적 활용이 두드러지지만, 이에대한 국내에서의 활용은 미진한 실정이다. 마그네슘 동위원소는 전 지구적 탄소순환, 해수 화학, 양분순환(nutrient cycling)을 이해하는 지시자로 활용될 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 Mg 순환과정 중 발생하는 동위원소분별에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논평에서는 지표환경에서 마그네슘 동위원소 분별을 일으키는요인(주요 광물 용해, 이차광물 생성, 흡착, 식물 섭취 및 탄산염 광물 침전)에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 먼저 마그네슘 동위원소의 개념, 질량분석기를 활용한 분석법을 살펴보고 마지막으로 최근 연구결과를 통한 지표환경에서 마그네슘 동위원소 분별을 일으키는 요인 및 기작에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

북극 스발바드 롱이어비엔 융빙수의 지화학적 특성 연구: 빙하 융해 - 화학적 풍화 - 탄소순환의 되먹임

류종식,임현수,박호진,김옥선 대한지질학회 2025 지질학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Glacial meltwater, once considered a passive component in the global carbon cycle, has recently been recognized as a potentially significant factor. This study investigates the feedback mechanisms of glacial meltwater on the carbon cycle through an analysis of major ions and magnesium isotopes in meltwater samples collected from Longyearbyen, Svalbard. The major ion composition revealed elevated concentrations of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfate, typical of glacial meltwater, along with high sodium concentration. Using chemical weathering pathways and mass balance calculations, the contribution of sulfuric acid-carbonate weathering (SACW) was determined to be 28.4±8.53% (1σ, n=11), sulfuric acid-silicate weathering (SASW) at 42.3±12.6% (1σ, n=11), carbonic acid-silicate weathering (CASW) at 11.1±13.7% (1σ, n=11), and carbonic acid-carbonate weathering (CACW) at 8.84±7.52% (1σ, n=11). These results indicate that the meltwater in the study area is primarily influenced by sulfide oxidation, incongruent silicate dissolution, and carbonate dissolution, a finding supported by variations in magnesium isotope composition. The chemical weathering rates (W) for each weathering pathway were calculated as follows: WSACW = 4.26±2.45 t/km2/yr (1σ, n=11), WSASW = 2.75±1.58 t/km2/yr (1σ, n=11), WCASW = 0.40±0.52 t/km2/yr (1σ, n=11), and WCACW = 1.03±0.96 t/km2/yr (1σ, n=11). The average CO2 consumption rate for the lowermost stream samples was 4.13×105 mol/km2/yr. However, on a geological timescale, the net carbon cycle due to chemical weathering in the entire study area was calculated to be -3.40×105 mol/km2/yr (-15.0 t CO2/km2/yr), indicating an annual release of 15 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This study suggests that glacial melt exerts a positive feedback on the global carbon cycle and highlights the importance of considering sulfide mineral weathering, in addition to silicate mineral weathering, in future research on glacial weathering-carbon cycle feedback mechanisms.

다검출기 유도결합 플라즈마 질량분석기를 이용한 대전지역 지하수의 우라늄과 스트론튬 동위원소 특성 연구

류종식,신형선,한정희,이광식,장호완 대한지질학회 2005 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.

Characterization of Ok-dong river water, tributary of the South Han River, using multi-isotopes

류종식,이광식,허중혁,신형선,안규홍,장호완 대한지질학회 2005 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.

암석 및 해수 표준시료에 대한 리튬(Li) 동위원소 분석

류종식,길영우,신형선,장아람 대한지질학회 2008 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.

여학생 합기도 호신술 교실 참여가 신체조성 및 기초체력, 스포츠자신감에 미치는 영향 : 문화체육관광부 지원 사업

류종식,김종근,최대민 국제문화기술진흥원 2025 문화기술의 융합 Vol.11 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 여학생 합기도 호신술 교실 참여가 신체조성과 기초체력, 그리고 스포츠 자신감에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 분석함으로써, 호신술 프로그램의 효과와 가능성을 입증하고자 한다. 이 연구의 대상자는 D광역시 B구의 S합기도장의 여학생 합기도 호신술 교실 참여자로 11세 이상 여학생 15명을 대상으로 선정하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 신체조성 모든 변인에서는 통계적 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 반면 기초체력의 경우 근력(t=-8.919, p= .371), 근지구력(t= -8.503, p<.001), 유연성(t= -8.348, p<.001), 순발력(t=-5.564, p<.001), 민첩성(t= 4.883, p<.001) 항목에서 피험자들의 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 또한 스포츠 차신감의 경우 하위항목인 능력입증(t=-9.539, p<.001), 코치 지도력(t=-6.808, p<.001), 신체적․정신적 준비(t=-7.472, p<..001)에서 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 여학생의 호신술 교실 프로그램 참여는 기초체력 및 스포츠 자신감 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다. 특히, 합기도의 종목 특성상 호신술 교실 참여는 다양한 신체 능력을 조화롭게 발전시키는 데 기여할 수 있으며 여학생들의 스포츠 자신감 향상을 통해 신체활동 참여에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라 사료된다. 본 연구가 향후 여학생을 대상으로 한 체육 교육 프로그램 개발 및 무술 기반 운동의 보급에 유용한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of female students' participation in the Hapkido Self-Defense Class on body composition, basic physical strength, and sports confidence. To achieve this purpose 15 female students aged 11 or older were selected as participants in the Hapkido Self-Defense Class at the S Hapkido Hall in B District, D City. First, participation in the Hapkido Self-Defense Class did not significantly affect the body composition of the subjects. On the other hand, for basic physical strength, there were significant changes in subjects in the items of muscle strength (t=-8.919, p=.371), muscle endurance (t=-8.503, p<.001), flexibility (t=-8.348, p<.001), quickness (t=-5.564, p<.001), and agility (t=4.883, p<.001). In addition, in the case of sports self-confidence, statistically significant differences were found in all sub-items such as ability verification (t=-9.539, p<.001), coach leadership (t=-6.808, p<.001), and physical and mental preparation (t=-7.472, p<.001). Considering the above results, it was empirically confirmed that the self-defense classroom exercise program had a positive effect on the improvement of basic physical strength of female students. Participation in the self-defense class, in particular, can contribute to harmonious development of various physical abilities due to the nature of the hapkido event, and it is thought that it will have a positive effect on female students' participation in physical activities by improving their sports confidence. It is judged that this study can be used as basic data useful for the development of physical education programs for female students and the dissemination of martial arts-based exercises in the future.