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신동진,김낙구,유강수,이경준,Sin, Dong-Jin,Kim, Nak-Gu,Yu, Gang-Su,Lee, Gyeong-Jun 한국전자통신연구원 1985 전자통신 Vol.7 No.2
현재의 TDX-1 에서 사용되는 푸쉬버튼 수신기는 애널로그형으로 TDM방식의 디지틀 교환기인 TDX-1 에는 적합치 못하며 애널로그방식의 푸쉬버튼 수신기는 채널당 한 회로가 필요하게 되어 32채널 수용시 경제성 및 회로 팩 부피에서 불리한 입장이다. 따라서 본고에서는 디지틀화 추세에 따라 디지틀 필터 방식에 의한 디지틀 푸쉬버튼 수신기를 구성하여 채널을 다중화할 수 있으며, 이에 따라 애널로그 방식보다 경제성 및 집적도가 향상되며 안정도가 높은 디지틀 푸쉬버튼 수신기를 구성하는 방법을 제시하였다.
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권영봉(Kwon Young-Bong),김낙구(Kim Nak Gu) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 A Vol.27 No.4A
강판 요소로 구성된 압축부재는 단면 요소의 폭-두께비 및 부재의 세장비에 의해서 극한강도가 결정된다. 단면의 폭-두께비가 큰 경우 탄성 및 비탄성 국부좌굴과 휨/휨-비틂좌굴의 혼합작용을 받게 되어 기둥강도의 감소를 초래하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 두께 6 ㎜인 SM400 강판으로 용접 제작된 H-단면과 C-단면 기둥의 압축실험 결과를 기술하였다. 기둥좌굴과 국부좌굴의 혼합좌굴이 발생하는 기둥의 극한강도 및 성능에 대한 이론 및 실험적인 연구가 수행되었다. 압축실험결과에 따르면, 국부 및 기둥좌굴의 혼합은 박판 용접형강 기둥의 극한강도에 악영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 최근 냉간성형강 분야에서 유효폭법을 대체 할 수 있는 방법으로 NAS(AISI, 2004)와 AS/NZS 4600(2005)에 의해 채택된 직접강도법을 용접형강에 적용하기 위하여 실험 및 수치해석 결과를 이용하여 검증하였다. 국부좌굴과 전체좌굴의 혼합작용의 유무와 상관없이 용접형강 압축부재의 극한강도를 적절하게 예측 할 수 있는 유효폭법 및 직접강도법을 제안하였다. The ultimate strengths of compression members composed of thin-walled steel plates is dependent on the width-thickness ratio of plate elements and the member slenderness. If the component element has a large width-thickness ratio, an elastic or inelastic local buckling may occur first and be interacted with the overall buckling. The local buckling causes a negative effect on the column strength. In this paper, a series of compression tests performed on welded H-section and C-section columns fabricated from SM400 steel plate of thickness 6.0 ㎜ is described. The ultimate strength and performance of the compression members undergoing the nonlinear interaction between local and overall buckling were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The compression tests indicated that the interaction has a negative effect on the ultimate strength of thin-walled welded steel section columns. The allowable stress of the sections with buckling interaction can not be predicted properly by the Korean Highway Bridge Design Specifications. The Direct Strength Method, which was newly developed and adopted as an alternative to the effective width method for the cold-formed steel sections recently by NAS (AISI, 2004) and AS/NZS4600 (2005), was calibrated for the application to the welded steel sections by the experimental and numerical results. The paper proposes the effective width method and the Direct Strength Method to predict properly the ultimate strength of welded steel section columns whether the local buckling and overall buckling occurs nearly simultaneously or not.
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金洛龜 영남철학회 1991 哲學論叢 Vol.7 No.-
In Kant's metaphysics, the most basic idea is composed of ethical and natural metaphysics. These two ideas are made up of his metaphysical subject and his ethical metaphysics deals with the problem of moral law. It is self-evident that moral law lies originally in our rational will itself or the structure of a rational being's will. To set up these moral law, both Maxime and Gesetz must coincide each other. What are the Maxime and Gesetz, then? To put these two laws together, let's see how the moral codes are composed of. Kant says, " Maxime is a subjective principle of conduct ; that is, Gesetz is subjective, if when subject is restricted only to its own will and then it has validity; that is Maxime, but when restriction is objectively of validity, that is, subjective realized all rational beings' will as validity, Gesetz is objective and it is practical law. No matter how right the subjective principle, Maxime, may be, if it does not agree with the objective principle, that moral law does not work. For example; one can make it a rule to get up at five in the morning; it is only a Maxime of his subjective will, but it can never be an objective principle to appropriate to all will. One the contrary to this, "tell one not to tell a lie, and it is only a rule to relate with his will...." Now, if this moral code can known to us practically to be reasonable, it is a rule. Then objective principle, Gesetz, will be able to be formed. Such subjective Maxime can agree inevitably with objective principle as validity to all other's will, as well. Therefore, at this time, as objectively necessary conduct becomes a subjectively necessary one, moral code can be formed. If the subjective principle(Maxime) of will regulation agree with its objective principle(Gesetz) as well, moral law is formed: "Act that the Maxime of your will could always hold at the same time as a principle establishing universal law", which represents law. This law is Kant's categorical imperative, and Kant's moral law is a categorical imperative. Here, the characteristics of his moral law are shown as follows; 1) His moral theory is solemn excluding all the daily desires, running after happiness or pleasure by his moral value. 2) Kant's Moral philosophy is not that of knowledge, but moral philosophy of request (Postulat). 3) His moral theory is rule following moral theory, focussed on universal ethical code for morals and the universally valid ethical code is a law to add oneself by Reason. Therefore, this registration, as his law, is taking a serious view of his own moral internality and dignity but, to pursue an ultimate value of moral, he abandoned his own individual value and advocated universality. 4) In his moral theory, morality of a conduct is not to be determined by its consequences but its motive, that is, "moral value of a conduct does not lie in the consequences to be expected, --unconditional super goodness can be found only in the will reasonable being, and the will is morally good only when it should do its duty by obligation. This order represents an unconditional and absolute order to a man in sensuous world and rational world. 5) It is his theory that "the foundation of moral obligation should not be found in the human nature or in the variable situation we live, but in the pure rational idea inherently." 6) Kant says,"all Gesetz, the practical laws to indicate what we should do, is an order" and only a categorical imperative to a man in the sensuous world and rational world in represented as the categorical imperative. 7) Kant says, if moral law indicates solemn what we should do, it comes out(Konnen) that we can do it inevitably. 8) Kant's ethics is that free will is good, and evil origins from sensuous desire against rationality. That is, he thinks the evil to be a lack Reason. He thinks Reason will is free will and evil is not free will. 9) He says, " That the act suited to obligation comes from the obligation" is absolute condition to be moral. We can conduct suited to obligation, planning his own profit, which is not good but right, therefore, not moral. 10) Kant's ethics is autonomous ethics and his moral law is autonomous rule. The will can be a will as self factor only when it has the nature of autonomy. Such a principle of autonomy is given to only the limited man in the sensuous world as a categorical imperative, and it is thought to be the supreme principle. If the will is prescribed by other cause, like pleasure or happiness, except one's resislation, it is just heteronomy of will, which denies morality soon. Thus Kant says, "the principle of morality must be categorical imperative which orders autonomy. "If moral law is made itself by the rational beings, without sensuous condition, with autonomy of will, it appears a categorical imperative to the man induced by sensuality: In other words, if a man exists only in the world of imagination, all human acts obey autonomy of will, but as it is a necessary imperative to a man in the world of sense, the performance of the law is inevitable. Therefore when moral laws request us to do our duty(Sollen), it appears obligational consciousness to us. All acts have moral value since they come naturally from obligational consciousness. When we act, all of us have categorical imperative to obey necessarily, absolutely and unconditionally. Therefore he said, as long as we are human beings we ought to do according to this imperative law inevitably, where his ethics should be estimated highly. Thus, from the point of his view, it might well be said to be introduced such his idea for first time primarily in the long history of ethics, and there is the indestructibility.
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